Cryptogamie, Mycol., 2000, 21 (4): 221-228 0 2000 Adac&ditions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. Tous droits reserves S0181158400010472/FLA

221

Two new dematiaceous hyphomycetes on Cyathea from Mexico

Rafael E CASTAlc’EDA RUIZa* & Gabriela HEREDIAb

a Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura tropical “Alejandro de Humboldt”, calle 1 esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas,

Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. C.P 17200 ‘Departamento de Biologia de Suelos, Instiuto de Ecologia, A. C., Apartado Postal 63,

Km 2.5 Antigua Carretera a Coatepec, Xalapa, Mexico, CP 91000

(Received February 2000, accepted September 2000)

Abstract - Belemnospora navicularia anam. sp. nov. and Hermatomyces amphisporus anam. sp. nov., two new taxa of hyphomycetes collected on a rotten branch of Cyathea sp. (a fern tree) in a Mexican forest are described and illustrated. B. navicularia is characterized by navicular, 3-septate conidia with brown central cells and paler ends. H. amphisporus is distinguished by two kinds of conidia, the first turbinate, gray brown towards the apex and hyaline at the lower cells and other type lenticular and black at the center as typical for the genus Hermatomyces. Keys to Belemnospora and Hermatomyces species are proposed. 0 2000 Adac I Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS

Belemnospora I Hermatomyces I bypbomycetes I systematics I tropical fungi I Mexico

TAXONOMIC PART

Belemnospora navicularia R.F. Castafieda & Heredia anam. sp. nov. Figs 1, 2 Etymol. Latin. navicularia, referring to the boat-shaped conidia.

Coloniae in substrata naturali effusae, pilosae, brunneae. Mycelium plerumque immersum, ex hyphis septatis, ramosis, laevibus, 1.0-l.S pm diam., dilute brunneis vel brunneis compositum. Conidiophora conspicua, mononemata, .5-9-septata, solitaria, interdum 24-aggregata, cylindrica, erecta, recta vel jlexuosa, levia, brunnea versus pallidiora ad apicem, loo-188 x 8-10 pm. Cellulae conidiogenae uniloculatae, hologe- nae, terminales indeterminatae, cum (3-)8-15-proliferationibus percurrentibus entero- blasticis, tenellis ad usque apicibus praeditae. Locis conidiogenis protusis, non incrassis, leviter convexis, notabilibus refractis vel opacis, 1.5-2.0 pm lata. Conidiorum secessio schizolytica. Conidia holoblastica, navicularia usque late fusiformia; plerumque 4(-5)- septata, anguste truncata, leviter opaca ad basim, 29-38(45) x 5-7 pm; 1.5-2.0 pm ad basim, solitaria, levia, sicca, brunnea vel pallide brunnea in cellulis centralibus, utrimque pallidissime brunneis.

* Correspondence and reprints: inifat@ceniai.inf.cu

* _~

-. --.--

-.----

-+

Two new dematiaceous hyphomycetes on Cyathea from Mexico 223

Teleomorphosis ignota. Matrix: In rami emuortis putridis Cyatheae sp. et setis fungus non determinato.

Habitat: In sylva pluvialis, Las Cafiadas, 6 km usque ad Huatusco, Veracruz, Mexico, 1 300 m altitude. Legit. R. E Castaiieda et G. Heredia. 20. VII. 1999. Holotypus: 862-2 XAL, Xalapa, Mexico. Isotypus: MUCL 41734.

Colonies on natural substratum effuse, hairy, brown. Mycelium mostly immersed, composed of septate, branched, smooth, 1.0-l 5 pm diam. hyphae. Conidio- phores conspicuous, mononematous, 5-9-septate, single or sometimes aggregated in groups of 24, cylindrical, erect, straight or flexuous, smooth, brown, paler towards the apex, loo-188 x 8-10 pm. Conidiogenous cells unilocal, hologenous, terminal, indeter- minate, with (3-)8-15 inconspicuous, enteroblastic, percurrent proliferations. Conidiog- enous loci protuberant, unthickened, slightly convex, noticeably refractive or opaque, 1.5-2.0 pm wide. Conidial secession schizolytic. Conidia holoblastic, navicular to broadly fusiform, mostly 4(-5)-septate, narrowly truncate, slightly opaque at the base, 29-38(45) x 5-7 pm, 1.5-2.0 pm wide at the base, solitary, smooth-walled, dry, brown or pale brown at the middle cells and pale brown at the ends. Teleomorph unknown.

The genus Belemnospora P. M. Kirk (1981) is characterized by unilocal, hologenous (holoblastic), percurrent conidiogenous cells and solitary, one-celled or septate conidia, which secede schizolytically. In addition to B. epiphylla P. M. Kirk and B. pinicola P. M. Kirk (Kirk, 1981), two additional species were described, B. verruculosa P. M. Kirk (Kirk & Spooner, 1984) and B. phragmospora Matsush. (1983). Sivanesan and Sutton (1985) transferred B. verruculosa to Pseudospiropes M. B. Ellis (1971), as Pseudospiropes verruculosus (P. M. Kirk) Sivanesan & B. Sutton, without any comment but probably on the basis of the presence of multilocal conidiogenous cells. Recently, Castafieda et al. (2000) revised and redefined the genus Pseudospiropes from which they excluded P. verruculosus. They then transferred the latter to Minimelanolocus R. F. CastaAeda & Heredia, as Minimelanolocus verruculosus (P. M. Kirk) R. F. Castafieda & Heredia comb. nov. (Castatieda et al., 2000).

The remaining species of Belemnospora have cylindrical conidia, while in B. navicularia they are navicular, 4-septate, with central cells darker than the end cells.

Key to accepted Belemnospora species

la. Conidia one-celled, cylindrical, 6.5-9.0 x 1.5-2.0 pm, very pale brown, smooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. pinicola

lb. Conidia septate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2a. Conidia 1-septate, cylindrical, 9-16 x 2.0-2.5 pm, very pale brown, smooth

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. epiphylla 2b. Conidia with more than 1 septum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3a. Conidia 4(-5)-septate, navicular to broadly fusiform, 29-38(- 45) x 5-7 pm, 1.5-2.0 pm wide at the base, smooth, brown or pale brown at the middle cells and very pale brown at the ends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. navicularia

3b. Conidia 1-6-septate, cylindrical, 8-22 x 34 pm, but mostly 3-septate, 12-18 x 34 pm, fuscous, smooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. phragmospora

Hermatomyces amphisporus R. F. Castaiieda & Heredia anam. sp. nav. Figs 3-6 Etymol. Latin., amphi- meaning two kinds; sporus- referring to the conidia.

Ad fungos conidiales, hyphomycetes pertinens. Coloniae in substrato naturali granulosae, restrictae, depressae, aspect0 nidulante, velutinae ad margine, olivaceae vel

224 R.F. Castafieda Ruiz & G. Heredia

Figs 3-5. Hermatomyces umphisporus. 3. Hyphae. 4. Conidiogenous cells. 5. Conidia. Scale bar = 20 Nm.

Two new dematiaceous hyphomycetes on Cyathea from Mexico 225

6

1

Fig. 6. Hermatomyces amphisporus. 6. Conidia. Scale bar = 20 pm.

226 R.F. CastaReda Ruin & G. Heredia

olivaceae brunneae interdum conjluentes, l-3 mm diam. Mycelium plerumque superj- ciale et aliquot in substrato immersum, ex hyphis septatis, anastomosantibus, sinuosis, laevibus vel tuberculatis, interdum verrucosis,olivaceo-brunneis, 2-4 pm diam. Conidio- phora conspicua vel inconspicua, mononemata, compacta aggregata, erecta vel protrata, pallide brunnea, vel olivacea, 6-17 x 2-3 pm, interdum in cellulae conidiogenae reducta. Cellulae conidiogenae hologenae, monoloculatae, cylindricae, determinatae, integratae. Loco conidiogeno applanato. Conidia amphiformia; una plus minusve turbinata et alter lenticularia. Conidia plus misnuve turbinata usque pyriformia, globoso-campanulata, ex quattuor seriebus cellularurn composita (sed saepe unica cellulis basalis presentia), et plerumque seriebus ampl$catis ad apicem, conidia in summa 6--l I -czllulae composita, saepe griseo-brunnea, interdum leprosa sursum, hyalina i?fra. levia sicca, 30-38 x 20-26 pm, 12-13 pm crassa ad parte superiore cellulis basalis. Conidia lenticularia, solitaria, muriformia, sicca, levia, 28-35 pm longa, 20-21 pm lata, 12-15 crassa, nigra ad cellulis centralis, subhyalina ad margin. 5 ,um crassa. Teleomorphosis ignota.

Matrix: h rami emuortis putridis Cyutheae sp. et setis,fungus non detertninato. Habitat: In sylva pluvialis, Las Canladas, 6 km usque ad Huatusco, Veracruz, Mexico, I 300 m altitude. Legit. R. E CastaAeda et G. Heredia. 20. VII. IWY. Holotypus: 862-2 XAL, Xalapa, Mexico. Isotypus: MUCL 41734.

Conidial fungi, hyphomycetes. Colonies on natural substratum granulose, restricted, depressed, nidulant, velvety at margin, olivaccous brown. l-3 mm diam. Mycelium mostly superficial and somewhat immersed, composed of septate, anastomo- sing, sinuate, smooth, tuberculate or verrucose, olivaceous-brown, 2-4 pm diam. hyphae. Conidiophores conspicuous or undifferentiated, erecl or prostrate, mononematous, compactly aggregated, pale brown or olivaccous, 6-17 x 2-3 pm sometimes reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells hologenous, unilocal, cylindrical, determinate. integrated. Conidiogenous loci applanate. Conidia dimorphic, one type turbinate. the second type lenticular. Conidia more less turbinate to pyriform or globosc-campanulate, conidia composed of 6-l 1 cells arranged in 4 rows, usually with only one cell at base and always with the rows increasing at the apex, gray-brown. sometimes leprous above, hyaline and smooth below, dry, 30-38 x 20-26 pm, 12- 13 pm wide at the top of basal cell. Conidia lenticular, solitary, muriform, dry, smooth-walled. Z-35 pm long, 20-21 ym wide, 12~--15 pm thick. black &it the central cells, i;ubhyaline at peripheral cells. Teleomorph: unknown.

The genus Hermatomyces Speg. comprises three species. I% tucumanensis Speg. (Ellis, 19711, H. sphericum S. Hughes ( 1953) and H. dimorpims Cr. V. Rao & de Hoog (1986), but only the latter has two kinds of conidia ac in f-i. amphisporus. In H. dimorphus the second type of conidia are cylindrical, 15--N x IO- IS pm, subhyaline, consistently with 4 rows of 7 cells each. In the apical half of the conidia. irregular melanin deposits remain in vertical strands between rows of cells ;IS poinkti out by Rao and de Hoop (1986). The :\~o ,,pccirx can not be cc~nfurcti.

Key to Hermatomyces species

la. Conidia of only one type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .._.......................................... 2 1 b. Conidia dimorphic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .._..._...................................................................... 3

2a. Conidia lenticular to elliptical, with pale peripheral cells and dark brown to black central cells, 2942 x 19-29 pm, 14-16 pm thick........ H. tucumanensis (Fig. 7)

Two new dematiaceous hyphomycctes on Cyathea from Mexico 227

Figs l-9. Ilermatomyces spp. 7. H. sphaericum. 8. FJ. tucumanensis. 9. H. dimorphus.

228 R.F. Castafieda Ruiz & G. Heredia

2b. Conidia subglobose to broadly oval, 26-31 x 25-30 l.trn, 20-25 l.trn thick, peripheral cells pale brown, subperipheral brown, central cells black......... N. sphaericum (Fig. 8)

3a. Cylindrical conidia, subhyaline, with 4 rows, melanin deposit between rows, 1540 x 1 O-l 5 pm, lenticular conidia 3.5-55 pm diam., 15-20 pm thick, with black central cells and brown peripheral cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H. dimorphus (Fig. 9)

3b. Turbinate, pyriform or globose-campanulate conidia with 4 rows of 6-11 cells, usually with only one cell in lower part, always gray-brown, leprous above, hyaline below, dry, 30-38 x 20-26 pm, 12-I 3 pm wide below; lenticular conidia 28-35 x 20-21 l.trn, 12-15 pm thick, black at the central cells, subhyaline at peripheral cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ._. . . . . . . H. nmphisporus (Figs 336)

Acknowledgements. We were fortunate to have the companionship of Julian Bueno and Magda Crux (Instituto de Ecologia, Xalapa, Mexico) during the trip in Las Cafiadas. We are also grateful to Drs. L. M. Carris (Washington State University, USA) and C. Decock (BCCMIMUCL, Belgium), who have kindly reviewed and edited the manuscript. We thank the “Institute de Eclogfa”, Xalapa, Mexico for facilities and financial support during this research. We are also grateful to the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture and Cuban Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (CITMA) for facilities.

REFERENCES

CASTANEDA RUIZ R.F., HEREDIA G., REYES M., ARIAS R.M. & DECOCK C., 2000 - A revision of the genus Pseudospiropes. Cryptogamie Mycologic. In press.

ELLIS M.B., 1971 - Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew. KIRK P.M., 1981 - New or interesting microfungi II. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes from Esher

Common, Surrey. Transactions qf the British Mycological Societv 77: 279-297. KIRK P.M. & SPOONER B.M., 1984 -An account of the fungi of Anan, Gigha and Kintyrc. Kew

Bulletin 38 (4): 503-597. MATSUSHIMA T., 1983 -- Matsushima Mycological Memoirs 3: I-90. HUGHES S.J., 1953 - Fungi from gold coast. II. Mycological Papers 50: I-104. RAO V. & De HOOG G.S., I986 - New or critical hyphomycetes from India. Studies in Mycology

28: l-84. SIVANESAN A. & SUTTON B.C., 1985 - Microfungi on Xarzthorrhoea. Transactions cf the

British Mycological Society 85: 239-255.