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Twenty Years From Now, WhereWill We Be?Twenty Years From Now, WhereWill We Be?

Houston Advanced Research Centers

Fuel Cell Applications

Houston Advanced Research Centers

Fuel Cell Applications

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Houston

Advanced

Research Center

Nonprofit research,development and

service institution

addressing state-of-

the-art technology

and policy issues

related to energy,

the environmentand the needs of

society

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Fuel Cells May BringProfound Change

Commercial viability could make fuel

cells a revolutionary technology with

significant implications for energyuse in future

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Source: Ausubel,American Scientist, March-April 1996

.90

.50

.67

.80

.09

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150

Year

H

C

H

(H+C)

Methane: H/C = 4

Wood H/C = 0.1

Coal: H/C = 1

Oil: H/C = 2Methane Economy

Non-fossilHydrogen

DecarbonizationDecarbonizationProjected

Fuel Cells

Batteries

1935 (midpoint of process)

Hydrogen

Economy

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Battery

+ -

ReactantStorage

Energy

ConversionDevice

Diesel/GeneratorSet

GeneratorDieselEngine

Energy Conversion Device

Reactant

Storage

+ -

Fuel Cell System

+ -

EnergyConversion

Device ReactantStorage

FUEL CELL

TECHNOLOGY

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FIVE TYPES OF FUEL CELLS Alkaline

Phosphoric Acid

Proton Exchange Membrane- PEM

Molten Carbonate

Solid Oxide

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ALKALINEFUEL CELLS Used in space applications

Needed pure oxygen and hydrogen

Very Reliable

Produces Clean Water

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PROTON MEMBRANE FUEL CELL

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OPERATION OF

PEM FUEL CELL

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Single Cell layout Cell Stack

PEM FUEL CELL

DETAILS

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Proton Exchange Membrane

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FUEL CELL

SYSTEM

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WHY WOULD WE WANT TO

DEVELOP NEW TECHNOLOGY

LIKE FUEL CELLS?

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WHAT ARE THE THREE BIGGEST

REASONS HOUSTON LOOKS LIKE

THIS???

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Mode Pollutant Emissions (g/mile)

Horses Solid waste 640

Liquid 300

Automobiles HCs 0.25

CO 4.7

NOx 0.4

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GMs Hy-Wire

I cant wait to drive one

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AUTOMOBILE

CONGESTION

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Electric Utility

Industry

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MANUFACTURING FACILITIES

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CAN HYDROGEN

BE MADE FROM WATER?

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OTHER TYPES OF APPLICATIONS

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OTHER TYPES OF

APPLICATIONS

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SHIPS OR SHORE

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Level of Maturity

Comparison

$1400

$800

$3000

Levelo f

Deve

lopment

PAFC

PEMFC

SOFC-

Planar

SOFC-

Tubular

Commercial

SystemField Test

Pre-Commercial

Lab system

Lab cells

MatureCapital

($/kW)

$1000

$1200MCFC

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THE FUTURE IS IN OUR

HANDS TODAY--

WHEN DO WE START??

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SOLVING

ENVIRONMENTAL

PROBLEMS SHOULD NOT

BE VIEWED AS A COST TOENDURE BUT AS AN

INVESTMENT IN THE

FUTURE.

THANK YOU