tv repack & atsc 3.0: sfn & future proofing antennas

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TV Repack & ATSC 3.0 SFNs and Future Proofing Antennas Louisiana & Mississippi Associations of Broadcasters TV Engineering Conference Christine Zuba June 2, 2016

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Page 1: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

TV Repack & ATSC 3.0 SFNs and Future Proofing Antennas

Lou i s iana & M iss i s s ipp i Assoc ia t i ons o f B roadcas te r s

TV Eng inee r ing Con fe rence

Ch r i s t ine Zuba J une 2 , 2016

Page 2: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

AGENDA

• The Process

• Proposal and budgeting

• Antenna considerations

• Transmission line considerations

• Inside RF

• 3.0 Future proofing

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Page 3: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

INCENTIVE AUCT ION T IMEL INE

Event Current EstimateReverse Auction Initial Commitment Deadline March 29, 2016FCC Announces Initial Clearing Target Late April 2016FCC Sends Confidential Letters to Applicants April/May 2016FCC Holds Mock Auction(s) May 2016Reverse Auction Clock Rounds Begin May 2016Reverse Auction Clock Rounds End June/July 2016Forward Auction Begins June/July 2016

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Page 4: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

HOW MANY STAT IONS D IRECTLY IMPACTED?

Spectrum Recovered

MHz

Highest Remaining TV Channel

Full Power

Stations

Class AStations

Total Stations Directly

Impacted*84 36 593 144 737

108 32 656 162 818114 31 695 164 859126 29 922 211 1133

Directly impacted stations are those currently assigned to spectrum that is to be cleared for wireless services

*Some will be participating in the auction thus reducing the number of directly impacted stations

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Page 5: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

WHAT’S NEXT – STAT IONS ON THE MOVE

EventFile CP for Modified Facility 3 months after

reassignment PNPost-Auction Filing Windows (channel changes or expanded facilities)

• Window 1: Stations unable to meet technical parameters in reassignment PN

• Window 2: All other stations assigned to new channels

After staff processes initial applications

Construction Deadline Up to 39 mos. after reassignment PN

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Page 6: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

REIMBURSEMENT PROCEDURE

Estimate of Reimbursement Costs– Must be submitted via LMS within three months of

Reassignment PN– Specific cost items:

• Transmitter• Antenna• Transmission Line• Tower Equipment and Rigging• Outside Professional Costs• Other Expenses

– For costs outside catalog, must submit supporting evidence and certify estimate made in good faith

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Page 7: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

A TYP ICA L DTV TRANSMISS ION PLANT

• Basic transmission system blocks:• External RF Items:

• Mask Filter• RF Combiner• Transmission line• Antenna

ProgramMaterial

(Video, Audio,Data)

RFPOWERAMPLIFIER

RF

Control

Power Supplies

TRANSMITTER

Cooling

MASK FILTER COMBINER TRANSMISSION

LINE

Other transmitter(s)(if applicable)

ANTENNA

RFEXCITERLP

FILT

ER

• Transmitter, comprising:• Exciter• Amplifier• Power Supplies• Control• Cooling System

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Page 8: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

WHAT’S IMPACTED BY REPACK?

ProgramMaterial

(Video, Audio,Data)

RFPOWERAMPLIFIER

RF

Control

Power Supplies

TRANSMITTER

Cooling

MASK FILTER COMBINER TRANSMISSION

LINE

Other transmitter(s)(if applicable)

ANTENNA

RFEXCITERLP

FILT

ERVery Likely

Very Likely

Likely100%Very

Likely

Possibly

• If moving from an affected channel to a new one:• The following items will need to be looked at

for retune or replacement:

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Page 9: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

ANTENNA CONSIDERATIONS

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Page 10: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

COVERAGE REPL ICAT ION

𝑃𝑟=𝑃 𝑡𝐺𝑡𝐺𝑟 𝜆2

(4𝜋 𝑅)2

1 MW ERP AT CH49 WILL BE ALLOCATED 687 KW ERP AT CH 25

• OET-69 “dipole factor”

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Page 11: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

LOWER CHANNEL ANTENNA WITH SAME GA IN

Channel 51TFU-30JTH-R O4Ø10.75” Pipe27 Gain

(EPA) = 42.4 ft2

W = 3800 lbs.

ERP = 1 MWTPO = 37 kW

45.2 ft.

Channel 24TFU-30JTH-R O4Ø14” Pipe27 Gain

(EPA) = 68.7 ft2

W = 7000 lbs.

ERP = 588 kWTPO = 22 kW

58.3 ft.

REQUIRES LARGER HEAVIER ANTENNA

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Page 12: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

LOWER CHANNEL ANTENNA - SAME WIND -LOAD

Channel 51TFU-30JTH-R O4Ø10.75” Pipe27 Gain

(EPA) = 42.4 ft2

W = 3800 lbs.

ERP = 1 MWTPO = 37 kW

45.2 ft.

Channel 24TFU-22JTH-R O4Ø10.75” Pipe20 Gain

(EPA) = 45.0 ft2

W = 3600 lbs.

ERP = 588 kWTPO = 29 kW

43.5 ft.

SAME SIZE AND WINDLOAD – LOWER GAIN

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Page 13: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

ANTENNA PLANNING PROCESS

BroadcasterAntenna Supplier

Structural Engineer

Other Tower Tenants

Tower Owner

RF Engineering Consultant

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Page 14: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

RF INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR ANTENNA PROPOSAL

• Channel• ERP• Polarization• Pattern to

match (if directional)

• F or G code

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Page 15: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

TOWERS AND ANTENNAS

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• Basic Wind Speed• Antenna Elevation on Tower• Design Ice• Tower Height• Structure Class• Exposure Category• Topographic Category• Height of Crest Above Average Terrain• Seismic Spectral Response Acceleration

Site Criteria Needed for 222-G Antenna Proposal:

Much more Site Design Information is required from Broadcasters and/or Tower Engineers in 222-G

Page 16: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

FUTURE PROOFING

• ATSC 3.0 Compatibility– Higher PAPR – need higher voltage

standoff in line and antenna– Wider bandwidth – be sure filters and

channel combiners are ready• Add V-POL to antenna ?• Single frequency Network ?

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Page 17: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

4KUHDTV

Fundamentally change the way U.S. Broadcast TV is delivered.

Merging internet with broadcast with• More flexibility• More services• More robust delivery • More platforms

More bits to more places

More signal strength

MORE, MORE, MORE

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Page 18: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

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PAPR

• PAPR is “peak to average power ratio”

• “Crest factor” is voltage defined – therefore 3dB higher

• Common to measure at 0.01%

• ATSC 1.0 – 6 dB to 7 dB • ATSC 3.0 – 8.4 dB (7x)

10.0 dB (10 x) 11.0 dB (12 x) 13.0 dB (20 x)

?

Page 19: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

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OCCUPIED BANDWIDTH

• ATSC 1.0 – 5.38 MHz• ATSC 3.0 – 5.832 MHz (ref ATSC S32-230r45, 4-6-

16)• FCC emission requirements unchanged

Ripple bandwidth

• Most six pole mask filters have adequate ripple bandwidth to pass 5.83 MHz

• Existing 6 pole filters OK • Tx needs 36 dB shoulders

• Thermal stability more important

Page 20: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

Purpose is not to establish next generation planning factors

FCC ATSC A/53 minimum field strength 41 dBuReduce antenna height 30ft. to 6ft. 7 dBBuilding wall attenuation (10-28 dB) 15 dBSmaller inefficient receive antenna gain (-3 dBd) 9 dBMultipath (AWGN to Ricean / Rayleigh) (1-3 dB) 3 dBLocation correction F(95%,fade margin) 9 dB

Minimum required field strength for an indoor NG broadcast service to support a data rate based on 15 dB C/N

84 dBu

Based on• Outdoor• Fixed antenna at 30’• 6dB gain (10dB-4dB down

lead)• C/N 15 dB

[1] iBLAST DATA BROADCASTING FIELD TESTS“A Study to Understand and Quantify Reception of the ATSC Signal”, Andrew Miller, Steve Lacey, Jerry Glaser, Mike Stauffer, and Pete Ludé, 23 April, 2001[2] TV Technology: “DTV in the House, Part1”, Doug Lung, Sept 5, 2007[3] ITU-R BT.2033-1, “Planning criteria, including protection ratios, for second generation of digital terrestrial television broadcasting systems in the VHF/UHF bands”; “Effect of AWGN & Fading (Rayleigh & Rician) channels on BER performance of a WiMAX communication System, IJCSIS, Awon, Islam, Rahman and Islam[4] ITU-R P.1546-5 Method for point to area predictions for terrestrial services in the frequency range 30MHz to 3000 MHz.

[1][2]

[3]

[4]

S IGNAL STRENGTH APPROXIMATION

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Page 21: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

Fixed HDNo service

Outdoor MobileIn / Out

Portable

Deep Indoor mobile HDIn /

Out Portable

In / Out Portable

In / Out PortableOutdoor

Mobile

Saturate from main antenna and add SFN sites

1. Increase beam tilt and add lots of power

2. Increase null fill3. Add a SFN

Fixed HD

41 dBu

41 dBu

Fixed Gateway

Fixed Gateway

BOOSTING THE S IGNAL STRENGTH

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Page 22: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

Simply increase the null fill of your antenna later

In anticipation of ATSC 3.0 services, future proofing should be considered if purchasing an antenna now.

Field convertible null fill antenna

ADDING NULL F ILL & FUTURE PROOFING THE MAIN ST ICK

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Page 23: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

z

θL

zo

𝐼 (𝑍 )

L

180 deg

Increase null fill

Lead to the development of custom illuminations with standard null fill that react positively to this theory

Equal amplitude

Linear phase

SUPERIMPOS ING AN OUT OF PHASE EXC ITAT ION

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Page 24: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

Field convertible high null fill antenna using a future proof illumination

• Simple• Short conversion time• VSWR performance is

unaffected

10 dB increase

2 dB decrease in peak ERP

BOOST ING THE S IGNAL STRENGTH

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Page 25: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

There is no “One Size Fits All” antenna solution for ATSC 3.0 SFN’s. A combination of panel, slot and broadband slot cavity antennas will be required

• Considerations• Azimuth pattern• Site sharing• Windload

constraints

WHAT TYPE OF A NTENNA TO USE AT SFN S ITES?

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Page 26: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

Designing for service

Designing for coverage – old school thinking

Focus on consumers served Type of Service

InputsDeep indoor mobile HD

Fixed indoor Gateway HD

Indoor Nomadic - Portable

Outdoor mobile

Outdoor fixed HD Bootstrap

25 Mbps 25 Mbps 10 Mbps 5 Mbps 25 Mbps

FCC ATSC A/53 minimum field strength (dBu) 41 41 41 41 41 41 41Reduce antenna height factor 30 to 6 ft. (dB) 7 7 7 7 7 N/A 7Building wall attenuation (dB) 15 20 15 15 N/A N/A N/ASmaller inefficient receive antenna gain factor (dB) 9 9 6 6 9 N/A 9Dynamic multipath - AWGN to Ricean/Rayleigh (dB) 3 3 3 3 3 1 3Location correction F(95%,fade margin) 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

Required C/N (dB) 15 20 20 15 10 20 -6C/N Correction (dB) -15 -15 -15 -15 -15 -15 -15Total - Required signal strength at 30' (dBu) 84 94 86 81 64 56 48

S IGNAL STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS FOR TYPES OF SERV ICE

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Page 27: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

Network planning assumptions / settings• CRC propagation model

• Communication Research Center – Canada• Much more realistic than Longley Rice• Uses clutter data

• Services / Bitrate / RSS needed at 30’ receive antenna height • Outdoor fixed HD / 25 Mbs / 56 dBu• Outdoor mobile / 5 Mbs / 64 dBu• Indoor nomadic-portable / 10 Mbs / 81 dBu• Fixed indoor gateway HD / 25 Mbs / 86 dBu• Deep indoor mobile HD / 25 Mbs / 94 dBu

• Network areas limited within the FCC 41 dBu contour or 103km from main antenna

• 47 CFR 73.626 – DTV distributed transmission systems• SFN Tower search

• All towers in the search are available• Towers located >10 km inside 103km circle• Restricted to tower heights > 60 m

• PROGIRA plan network planning tool

Adding Null Fill and a SFNPlanning the ATSC 3.0 Network

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Page 28: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

WNUV – Baltimore Example

Assume• Replace antenna with a high null fill field

convertible antenna• Main antenna retains full ERP - 845 kW• Main antenna remains at full HAAT - 1200’• Strategically add SFN to coverage area using

existing towers.

Goal• Boost signal strength and provide

more services to more people• Provide deep indoor mobile HD in close to

highly populated areas• Provide indoor portable service in

targeted areas• Expand outdoor mobile services

41 dBu contour

103 km radius

BOOSTING THE S IGNAL STRENGTH

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Page 29: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

Existing service after ATSC 3.0 switchover

WNUV – Baltimore Example

Existing Main

Antenna

ServiceRSS

(dBu)Population

ServedBootstrap 48 6,121,162Outdoor fixed HD 56 4,940,909Outdoor mobile 64 3,788,584Indoor nomadic-portable 81 1,905,382Fixed indoor gateway HD 86 1,429,098Deep indoor mobile HD 94 658,493

• Total population inside 41 dBu curve is 7.9M

• Services are inclusive

BENCHMARK

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Page 30: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

Boost ing the s igna l s t rength WNUV – Baltimore ExampleEffect of increasing the null fill by simple field conversion

Existing antennaStandard null fill

Future high null fill

Lose 174k consumers using lower RSS services in outer coverage areas

Gain 441k consumers using data intensive services in near in coverage areas

Overlay

Existing Main

Antenna

Future High Null Fill

Converted

ServiceRSS

(dBu)Population

ServedPopulation

Served%

ChangePopulation

ChangeOutdoor fixed HD 56 4,940,909 4,847,172 -2% -93,737Outdoor mobile 64 3,788,584 3,716,684 -2% -71,900Indoor nomadic-portable 81 1,905,382 1,896,801 0% -8,581Fixed indoor gateway HD 86 1,429,098 1,527,028 7% 97,930Deep indoor mobile HD 94 658,493 1,001,992 52% 343,499

Replacing the Main Antenna with a Field Convertible High Null Fill Antenna

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Page 31: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

Boost ing the s igna l s t rength WNUV – Baltimore Example

Effect of increasing the null fill by simple field conversion

Fixed outdoor HD

Outdoor mobile

Indoor nomadic-portable

Deep indoor mobile HD

Fixed indoor gateway HD

• Slight loss in consumers serviced by lower bit rates• Significant gain in consumers serviced with higher bit rates

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Page 32: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

Boost ing the s igna l s t rength WNUV – Baltimore Example

Adding 50 kW ERP SFN sites with theoretical antenna patterns

1

2

3

4

Site 175m Tower50 kW ERP

Site 4100m Tower50 kW ERP

Site 275m Tower50 kW ERP

Site 375m Tower50 kW ERP

Each site begins omni directional then applies power reductions to meet FCC 41 limits

ADDING SFN S ITES TO THE EX IST ING MAIN ANTENNA

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Page 33: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

Boost ing the s igna l s t rength WNUV – Baltimore Example

Effect of adding theoretical SFN sites to the main antenna with standard null fill elevation pattern

Gain 1.46M consumers throughout service offerings

Existing Main

Antenna

Standard Elevation Pattern

ServiceRSS

(dBu)Population

Served

+ SFN Population

Served%

ChangePopulation

ChangeOutdoor fixed HD 56 4,940,909 5,405,598 9% 464,689Outdoor mobile 64 3,788,584 4,189,184 11% 400,600Indoor nomadic-portable 81 1,905,382 2,157,756 13% 252,374Fixed indoor gateway HD 86 1,429,098 1,702,093 19% 272,995Deep indoor mobile HD 94 658,493 734,238 12% 75,745

CONVERT ING TO H IGH NULL F ILL AND ADDING SFN S ITES

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Page 34: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

WNUV – Baltimore Example

• Significant gain in consumers serviced by lower bit rates• Slight gain in consumers serviced with higher bit rates

Effect of adding theoretical SFN sites to the main antenna with standard elevation pattern

Fixed outdoor HD

Outdoor mobile

Indoor nomadic-portable

Deep indoor mobile HD

Fixed indoor gateway HD

BOOSTING THE S IGNAL

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Page 35: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

BOOSTING THE SIGNAL STRENGTH. WNUV – Baltimore Example

Effect of adding SFN sites and increasing the null fill of the main antenna

Gain 1.64M consumers throughout service offerings

Existing Main

Antenna

Future High Null Fill

Converted

ServiceRSS

(dBu)Population

Served

+ SFN Population

Served%

ChangePopulation

ChangeOutdoor fixed HD 56 4,940,909 5,283,509 7% 342,600Outdoor mobile 64 3,788,584 4,099,525 8% 310,941Indoor nomadic-portable 81 1,905,382 2,142,988 12% 237,606Fixed indoor gateway HD 86 1,429,098 1,760,761 23% 331,663Deep indoor mobile HD 94 658,493 1,077,222 64% 418,729

CONVERT ING TO H IGH NULL F ILL AND ADDING SFN S ITES

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Page 36: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

WNUV – Baltimore Example

• Significant gain in consumers serviced by both lower and high bit rates

Effect of adding SFN sites and increasing the null fill of the main antenna

BOOSTING THE S IGNAL STRENGTH

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Page 37: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

Replacing SFN sites with antenna designs that closely replicate the theoretical patterns

WNUV – Baltimore Example

Site 175m Tower42 kW ERP

Site 4100m Tower50 kW ERP

Site 275m Tower37 kW ERP

Site 375m Tower38 kW ERP

Combination of panel and slot antenna designs

BOOSTING THE S IGNAL STRENGTH

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Page 38: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

WNUV – Baltimore Example

Effect of changing SFN sites to real antenna designs and increasing the null fill of the main antenna

Gain 1.58M consumers throughout service offeringsNote : Theoretical antennas gain = 1.64M

Existing Main

Antenna

Future High Null Fill

Converted

ServiceRSS

(dBu)Population

Served

+ Real Ant. SFN

Population Served

% Change

Population Change

Outdoor fixed HD 56 4,940,909 5,276,767 7% 335,858Outdoor mobile 64 3,788,584 4,095,082 8% 306,498Indoor nomadic-portable 81 1,905,382 2,123,632 11% 218,250Fixed indoor gateway HD 86 1,429,098 1,742,929 22% 313,831Deep indoor mobile HD 94 658,493 1,065,715 62% 407,222

BOOSTING THE S IGNAL STRENGTH

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Page 39: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

WNUV – Baltimore Example SummaryPopulation gained over using “as is”

existing main antenna for ATSC 3.0 services

Add high null fill to existing

antenna

Add theoretical SFN to existing main antenna with standard

null fill

Add theoretical SFN to main antenna with

converted high null fill

Replace theoretical SFN with real antennas and

converting main antenna to high

null fill

4% decrease

BOOSTING THE S IGNAL STRENGTH

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Page 40: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

There is no “One Size Fits All” antenna solution for ATSC 3.0 SFN’s. A combination of panel, slot and broadband slot cavity antennas will be

required

• Considerations• Azimuth pattern• Site sharing• Windload

constraints

WHAT TYPE OF ANTENNA TO USE AT THE SFN SITES?

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Page 41: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

• Slot Antennas:• Much smaller size• Less windload• Higher reliability

• Less connections• Less parts

1966 RCA adDisadvantage – Slotted coaxial antennas have a limited channel range

WHAT TYPE OF ANTENNA TO USE AT THE SFN SITES?

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Page 42: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

• Slotted coaxial antennas• Versatility - Azimuth patterns can be tailored to meet any

coverage requirement• Pipe size• # of slots around• Orientation of slots• Power division between slots• Addition of fins and directors

SLOT TED COAXIAL ANTENNAS

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Page 43: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

• Full UHF band operation• Excellent choice for co-located shared SFN

sites• Very good pattern flexibility

• Number of panels around• Location• Orientation• Amplitude and phase division• Element beam width

BROADBAND PANEL ANTENNAS

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Page 44: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

Pylon Antenna Panel Antenna

+ =

TFU-WB

Panel Bandwidth Performance in a Pylon Package

Broadcasting ATSC 3.0 from Black Mountain

• Broadband – Channels 14-51• Low windload • New w/g slot cavity technology• Economical alternative to

panels

Disadvantage• Some loss in pattern flexibility

• Single cavity limited to directional and cardioid variations

BROADBAND SLOT CAVITY ANTENNAS

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Page 45: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

• ATSC 3.0 services will require a new definition of received signal strengths

• Through the use of advanced SFN planning tools and innovative antenna design, these required signal strengths can be achieved

• There is no “One Size Fits All” antenna solution for ATSC 3.0 SFN’s. A combination of panel, slot and broadband slot cavity antennas will be required

CONCLUS ION

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Page 46: TV Repack & ATSC 3.0:  SFN & Future proofing antennas

• www.dielectic.com

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