Item 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

Tuvalu

Key Indicators of Developing Asian and Pacific Countries354 355

001 POPULATION a thousand; as of 1 July ... ... 8.23 8.20 8.23 8.37 8.46 8.67 8.85 9.04 9.04 9.20 9.35 9.51 9.67 9.84 10.01 10.19 001

NATIONAL ACCOUNTS b Thousand Australian dollars; calendar yearAt Current Factor Cost

002 GDP by Industrial Origin ... ... ... ... ... 6257 7033 9087 10079 11304 12022 13265 14162 14890 14874 18050 ... ... 002003 Agriculture 328 252 410 489 546 1151 1037 1802 2481 2895 2906 3073 3339 3512 3576 3609 ... ... 003004 Mining 160 178 327 167 221 128 442 ... ... 004005 Manufacturing 48 52 63 86 108 111 157 580 621 348 386 450 367 361 577 537 ... ... 005006 Electricity, gas and water ... ... 65 64 92 106 124 134 196 98 244 310 401 466 534 555 ... ... 006007 Construction 354 407 307 344 481 842 1012 1587 1799 1038 962 1628 1302 1087 840 2040 ... ... 007008 Trade c 1458 810 1044 1082 561 568 1138 1275 809 2202 2422 2174 2609 2766 2296 3815 ... ... 008009 Transport and communications -547 -311 -232 -68 41 279 285 446 696 112 411 285 274 755 991 1076 ... ... 009010 Finance d 167 206 244 259 340 688 712 865 913 1562 1598 1650 1895 1567 1769 1705 ... ... 010011 Public administration 1775 1804 1953 2021 2227 2455 2498 2244 2387 2732 2732 3153 3446 3515 3741 3557 ... ... 011012 Others e 525 512 581 671 638 57 71 154 177 158 184 216 363 641 422 715 ... ... 012013 Indirect taxes less subsidies ... ... ... ... ... 281 551 544 301 915 1001 1316 -77 740 994 1139 ... ... 013014 GDP at current market prices 4109 3732 4435 4947 5034 6538 7584 9632 10379 12218 13022 14581 14086 15630 15869 19190 ... ... 014015 Net factor income from abroad ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 015016 GNP at current market prices ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 016

At Constant 1988 Factor Cost017 GDP by Industrial Origin ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 9087 8910 10280 10649 10947 11397 12569 11940 14377 ... ... 017018 Agriculture ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1802 2145 2427 2351 2307 2327 2340 2355 2374 ... ... 018019 Mining ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 291 226 118 131 229 116 182 115 394 ... ... 019020 Manufacturing ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 289 283 366 396 440 417 395 300 290 ... ... 020021 Electricity, gas and water ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 134 196 98 244 277 358 416 476 492 ... ... 021022 Construction ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1587 1280 766 707 1137 909 894 750 1819 ... ... 022023 Trade c ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1275 818 2162 2225 1894 2221 2293 1801 2975 ... ... 023024 Transport and communications ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 446 646 103 352 263 245 878 804 977 ... ... 024025 Finance d ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 865 877 1314 1290 1281 1473 1300 1477 1419 ... ... 025026 Public administration f ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2398 2439 2820 2782 3025 3120 3428 3578 3118 ... ... 026027 Others e ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 105 172 94 211 443 284 518 ... ... 027028 Indirect taxes less subsidies ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 028029 GDP at 1988 market prices ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 029030 Net factor income from abroad ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 030031 GNP at 1988 market prices ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 031

At Current Market Prices, Australian dollars032 Per capita GDP ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1352 1441 1585 1506 1644 1641 1950 ... ... 032033 Per capita GNP ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 033

PRODUCTION metric tons; calendar yearAgriculture, crop year

034 1. Copra 294 243 234 680 333 239 64 88 415 257 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 034

Production Index period averages035 Agriculture, 1989-91 = 100 136.6 91.5 95.6 101.9 107.3 100.0 89.7 84.4 89.2 83.1 127.7 135.6 99.2 99.2 99.2 99.2 99.2 99.2 035

ENERGY annual valuesElectricity, ‘000 kWh

036 Production ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 036037 Exports ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 037038 Imports ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 038039 Consumption ... ... ... ... ... 843 962 1025 1025 1120 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 039

PRICE INDEXES period averagesConsumer (Funafuti)

040 4th Qtr 1983 I Nov 1983 = 100 84.8 91.7 100.0 103.8 107.6 114.0 117.8 125.4 128.6 131.2 141.6 144.7 148.0 150.6 159.0 159.0 161.5 162.5 040041 Food 88.8 92.8 100.0 104.0 109.6 113.4 117.3 126.6 124.5 122.7 129.5 136.0 139.4 144.9 153.0 154.5 154.2 ... 041042 Non-food 81.5 90.8 100.0 103.6 105.9 114.7 118.3 124.2 132.6 139.4 153.2 153.0 156.2 155.1 161.9 163.0 170.2 174.4 042

GOVERNMENT FINANCE Thousand Australian dollars; fiscal year ending 31 DecemberCentral Government

043 Current revenue 2168 2361 2280 2497 2700 2931 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 8565 8328 7905 ... ... 043044 Taxes 661 705 703 891 837 1055 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2936 2776 2593 ... ... 044

III

I * *

Item 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

Tuvalu

Key Indicators of Developing Asian and Pacific Countries356 357

045 Non-taxes 1507 1656 1577 1606 1863 1876 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5629 5552 5312 ... ... 045046 Current expenditure 3163 3102 3285 3512 3919 3971 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 8033 7917 8203 ... ... 046047 Current surplus/deficit -995 -741 -1005 -1015 -1219 -1040 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 532 411 -298 ... ... 047048 Capital receipts – – – – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 048049 Capital expenditure 2180 1872 645 1024 881 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 049050 Capital account surplus/deficit -2180 -1872 -645 -1024 -881 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 050051 Net lending – – – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 532 411 -298 ... ... 051052 Overall surplus/deficit -3175 -2613 -1650 -2039 -2100 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 052

Financing053 Domestic borrowing ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 053054 Foreign borrowing ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 054055 Foreign grants 1388 951 1002 1060 969 900 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 055056 Use of cash balances ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 056

Expenditure by Function, Central Gov’t.057 Total 4062 4123 2554 5301 3531 4666 7438 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 057058 General public services g 394 717 492 2507 692 753 1316 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 058059 Defence ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 059060 Education 691 472 532 645 1129 831 1255 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 060061 Health 187 30 43 13 141 182 249 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 061062 Social security and welfare h 11 141 13 25 10 54 15 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 062063 Housing and community amenities 304 88 115 92 33 65 111 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 063064 Economic services 2319 2569 1046 1881 1428 2296 4234 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 064065 Agriculture i 1016 1081 301 694 612 752 532 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 065066 Industry ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 066067 Electricity, gas and water j 53 602 149 151 318 702 191 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 067068 Transport and communications 1142 758 552 945 428 759 3356 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 068069 Other economic services k 108 128 44 91 70 83 155 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 069070 Others l 156 106 313 138 98 485 258 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 070

EXTERNAL TRADE Thousand Australian dollars; calendar year071 Exports, fob 2123 853 770 1396 526 184 112 261 312 178 ... ... 420 398 189 361 373 67 071072 Imports, cif 2592 2789 2964 3949 4127 4056 4947 6788 5170 ... ... ... 9764 10911 6562 5999 8144 11408 072073 Trade balance -469 -1936 -2194 -2553 -3601 -3872 -4835 -6527 -4858 ... ... ... -9344 -10513 -6373 -5638 -7770 -11341 073

Exports, by principal commodity074 1. Stamps 2098 651 454 665 372 161 92 253 133 147 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 074075 2. Copra 25 11 61 308 152 19 16 – 73 29 ... ... 17 13 – 1 6 ... 075076 3. Handicrafts ... ... ... 2 2 4 4 8 6 2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 076077 4. Garments ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 100 ... ... ... 8 – – – – ... 077

Imports, by SITC section078 Food and live animals 785 648 816 965 1098 1195 1295 1653 1514 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 078079 Beverage and tobacco 118 131 157 164 124 282 218 248 202 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 079080 Crude materials excl. fuels 68 97 117 55 112 35 134 156 240 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 080081 Mineral fuels, etc. 421 484 415 462 514 564 645 803 660 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 081082 Animal, vegetable oil and fats 6 7 8 15 10 7 15 28 21 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 082083 Chemicals 114 88 205 199 206 267 254 321 369 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 083084 Basic manufactures 405 553 502 871 737 502 947 1623 1001 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 084085 Machines, transport equipment 353 464 365 588 839 615 951 1134 632 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 085086 Misc. manufactured goods 276 263 303 554 404 521 389 742 455 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 086087 Unclassified goods 46 54 76 76 83 68 99 80 76 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 087

Direction of Trade Mn US dollars; calendar year088 Exports, Total 0.10 0.06 0.18 1.40 0.23 0.15 0.05 0.26 0.42 0.78 1.67 5.26 2.04 1.63 0.82 1.12 0.26 ... 088089 1. United States – – – – – – – – 0.00 – – 2.91 1.27 – – – – ... 089090 2. Yugoslavia Soc. Fed. Rep. of ... ... ... ... ... ... – – – 0.55 1.14 1.74 ... ... ... ... ... ... 090091 3. South Africa ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... – – – 0.35 0.88 0.43 – – ... 091092 4. United Kingdom – – 0.09 – – 0.09 – – – – 0.00 – 0.00 0.00 – 0.88 0.00 ... 092093 5. Belgium-Luxembourg – – – – – – – 0.18 0.12 0.06 0.21 0.06 0.03 0.40 – – ... ... 093094 6. Germany – – – – – – – – – – 0.00 0.16 0.11 0.07 0.02 0.02 0.00 ... 094095 7. Australia 0.03 – – 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.10 0.13 0.16 0.07 0.01 – 0.01 – 0.00 ... 095096 8. Columbia ... ... ... ... ... ... – – ... – – 0.02 0.08 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.01 ... 096097 9. France – – – – – – – – – 0.00 0.02 0.09 – 0.07 0.00 0.01 0.01 ... 097098 10.Spain – – 0.02 0.05 0.03 – 0.01 – 0.04 – 0.03 0.03 – 0.01 – 0.07 – ... 098

***

Item 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

Tuvalu

Key Indicators of Developing Asian and Pacific Countries358 359

099 Imports, Total 3.93 5.38 2.91 3.60 3.33 3.05 4.06 4.84 5.80 3.86 2.28 9.18 8.77 11.76 8.83 7.93 8.36 ... 099100 1. Australia 1.30 1.84 1.18 1.33 0.88 1.16 1.72 1.12 0.95 1.29 1.10 1.83 2.82 6.68 2.62 2.09 1.71 ... 100101 2. Fiji Islands, Republic of 1.37 1.48 1.18 1.21 1.37 1.32 1.85 3.01 2.33 – – 2.50 – – 3.48 3.51 4.08 ... 101102 3. United States – – – – – – – – – – – 2.42 1.65 0.11 0.33 – – ... 102103 4. New Zealand 1.03 0.29 0.40 0.80 0.61 0.35 0.47 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.75 0.44 0.78 0.56 0.92 0.52 ... 103104 5. South Africa ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.15 2.30 – – – ... 104105 6. United Kingdom 0.22 – – – – – – 0.11 0.15 1.05 0.20 0.34 0.12 0.23 0.47 0.53 0.38 ... 105106 7. Japan – 1.65 – – – – – – 1.65 0.82 0.03 0.78 0.02 0.27 0.20 0.33 1.00 ... 106107 8. Germany – – – – – – – – 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.52 0.25 0.17 0.13 0.16 ... 107108 9. Switzerland – – – – – – – – – – 0.04 – 0.92 – – 0.02 0.05 ... 108109 10.Netherlands – – – – – – – 0.22 0.08 0.06 0.13 0.07 0.05 0.56 0.05 0.01 – ... 109

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS Thousand Australian dollars; calendar year110 Merchandise exports, fob 2123 853 770 1375 600 475 266 589 456 322 473 297 328 337 347 361 ... ... 110111 Merchandise imports, fob -2529 -4147 -2855 -3844 -4178 -4339 -7465 -6332 -6349 -6231 -6673 -6892 -9457 -9835 -10327 -10740 ... ... 111112 Trade balance -406 -3294 -2085 -2469 -3578 -3864 -7199 -5743 -5894 -5909 -6200 -6595 -9129 -9498 -9980 -10379 ... ... 112113 Other goods, services and income -1319 -997 -1318 -1429 384 753 493 50 633 1963 1263 1227 1627 1659 1693 1744 ... ... 113114 Credit ... ... ... ... 5263 5750 5764 5042 5720 7471 7883 8847 9800 9996 10196 10502 ... ... 114115 Debit ... ... ... ... -4879 -4997 -5271 -4991 -5087 -5508 -6619 -7620 -8173 -8337 -8503 -8758 ... ... 115116 Unrequited transfers 4266 5542 3889 6500 4011 5112 5962 4809 4476 6030 5312 12889 9381 9397 9031 9082 ... ... 116117 Private ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 117118 Official ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 118119 Current balance 2541 1251 486 2602 817 2001 -744 -884 -785 2084 376 7521 1879 1558 744 447 ... ... 119120 Direct investment ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 120121 Portfolio investment ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 121122 Other long-term capital ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 122123 Other short-term capital ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 123124 Capital account balance -1967 839 -64 162 1491 -499 1339 1157 1108 -532 1639 1768 1906 1958 2022 2088 ... ... 124125 Net errors and omissions 9 -410 587 -79 524 300 -658 -532 -565 -25 122 7131 1367 1052 227 -55 ... ... 125126 Overall balance 583 1680 1009 2685 2832 1802 -62 -259 -241 1527 2136 16420 5152 4568 2993 2480 ... ... 126127 Allocation of SDRs – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – ... ... 127128 Monetary movements -583 -1680 -1009 -2685 -2832 -1802 62 259 241 -1527 -2136 -16420 -5152 -4568 -2993 -2480 ... ... 128

EXCHANGE RATES Australian dollars per US dollar129 End of period 0.88660 1.01978 1.10865 1.20802 1.46864 1.50421 1.38408 1.16891 1.26151 1.29316 1.31614 1.45222 1.47689 1.28733 1.34228 1.25549 1.53210 1.62893 129130 Average of period 0.87021 0.98586 1.11001 1.13952 1.43189 1.49597 1.42818 1.27991 1.26460 1.28106 1.28376 1.36165 1.47056 1.36775 1.34903 1.27786 1.34738 1.59183 130

Footnotes:

a Census figure for 1991.b Estimates for 1981-1985, 1986-1987 and 1988-1989 are not strictly comparable due to changes in compilation techniques, assumptions and data sources.

Details may not add up to totals due to rounding.c Includes hotels and restaurants.d Includes real estate and business services.e Refers to community and personal services less imputed bank charges.f Includes import duties for 1988-1989.

g Refers to administration and law and order.h Refers to cultural and social development.i Includes fisheries.j Refers to energy, water and sanitation.k Covers trade.l Includes land management, environment, and communications.