TTIRegulatory and Permitting IssuesFor Geologic and Terrestrial Sequestration of CO2

Presentation to the

West Coast Regional Carbon Sequestration PartnershipOctober 28, 2004

Portland, OR

Michael S. Bruno, Ph.D., PE

Terralog Technologies USA, Inc.www.terralog.com

TTIRegulatory and Permitting IssuesFor Geologic and Terrestrial Sequestration of CO2

CO2

Capture Transport Sequestration

Power Plants Pipeline Temp. Storage Injection Terrestrial

EOR

Storage

Disposal

Salt caverns

Coal Bed Methane

Reforestation

Forest Mgmt

Streamside protect \Consr

Biomass Energy

Deep Seeded GrasslandReservoir

• Not a hazardous waste

• Not a criteria pollutant

• Can be either a product or waste depending on usage or classification

TTIRegulatory and Permitting IssuesFor Geologic and Terrestrial Sequestration of CO2

Green – Enhanced oil & gas recovery

Red – storage or disposal in Coal bed methane, geologic and depleted reservoirs

Blue – conventional oil and gas recovery

Source: USGS Fact Sheet 26-03, March 2003

TTIRegulatory and Permitting IssuesFor Geologic and Terrestrial Sequestration of CO2

CO2 Geologic Sequestration Regulatory Framework

Applicable Legislation:

Federal Regulation (SDWA, RCRA) - UIC programState Regulations (CEQA) - ARB, RWQCBLocal Regulations (zoning laws)

Primary Motivation:

Protect Health, Safety, Environment (air, water)

TTIRegulatory and Permitting IssuesFor Geologic and Terrestrial Sequestration of CO2

• EOR well Class II – classified product in 6 states

• Definition of CO2 as waste or product to be decided by EPA & State !!

• Storage well --- AZ Class IIAK Class II or VCA Class IIWA Class VOR May not allowNV Class V if meet certain conditions

• Waste disposal - AZ Class I AK Class IID CA Class I MOU w/EPA & review w/H20 Board WA Class V OR Class I or V (<100ft deep) NV Class V (mostly shallow wells)

TTIRegulatory and Permitting IssuesFor Geologic and Terrestrial Sequestration of CO2

Any injection well will trigger all or some of the following:

–State agency permit if state has primacy, or EPA UIC permit

–NPDES if have waste water disposal

–Aquifer Protection Permit

–DOT, Fire Marshall, PUC, OSHA during transportation of CO2 via pipeline

TTIRegulatory and Permitting IssuesFor Geologic and Terrestrial Sequestration of CO2

Injection Permit Process and Requirements:

1. Geologic Review

2. Injection Simulation

3. Well Review

4. Operating Plan

5. Monitoring Plan

TTIRegulatory and Permitting IssuesFor Geologic and Terrestrial Sequestration of CO2

Terrestrial Sequestration & Storage Management

• Afforestation

• Reforestation

• Urban forestry

• Agroforestry

• Natural regeneration

• Biomass enrichment

• Forest product management

TTIRegulatory and Permitting IssuesFor Geologic and Terrestrial Sequestration of CO2

Any change or ground disturbance will trigger all or some of the following:– Permit from State Forest and Fire Dept– State Dept of Fish & Wildlife review– US Fish & Wildlife review– Water Right Permit, NPDES or water

usage evaluation– Conditional Use Permit zoning code– US Army Corps of Engineers review– Division of State Lands, BLM, Local

Indian Tribunal or County/City Planning Dept review

– CEQA or SEPA evaluation– Local Air District Permit, new source

review

Source: Oregon Forest Protection Laws, An Illustrated Manual, 2002

TTIRegulatory and Permitting IssuesFor Geologic and Terrestrial Sequestration of CO2

Land Management

• Federal Land– US Dept of Agriculture – Forest Services– US Dept of Interior – BLM, National Park

Services, Bureau of Indian Affairs

• State Land– Dept of Forestry and Fire Protection

• Private Land

TTIRegulatory and Permitting IssuesFor Geologic and Terrestrial Sequestration of CO2

Any Change/Gd. Disturbance/Forest Mgmt. Forestation, Riparian

Consr./Re-seed Grassland

State Land Federal Land Private Land

ODFOAR Ch 629ORS 527.610

OR Dept of Fish & WildlifeOAR Ch 635

US Fish & Wildlife50CFR 17

USDA – FSSee next slide

USDISee next slide

Forest landSee State Land

Ranchland

National Park Services

BLM

Bureau of Indian AffairsOR Div of State LandsORS 196.795-196.990

US Army Corps of EngCWA Sec 404

OR Div of State LandsORS 196.795-196.990

US Army Corps of EngCWA Sec 404

OR DAORS 603 Div. 80,90,95

County Planning Dept

Oregon Example

TTIRegulatory and Permitting IssuesFor Geologic and Terrestrial Sequestration of CO2

Federal Land

USDA - FS36CFR Ch1

USDI

US Fish & Wildlife50CFR 17

OR Dept of Fish & WildlifeOAR Ch 635

Bureau of Indian Affairs25CFR 1

National Park ServicesNot Allowed

BLM43CFR Ch2, 35

Local Tribunal

See BLM

OR Dept of Fish & WildlifeOAR Ch 635

US Dept of Fish & Wildlife50 CFR 17

Oregon Federal Land Regulations

TTIRegulatory and Permitting IssuesFor Geologic and Terrestrial Sequestration of CO2

Options (Easy to difficult)

Reasons

EOR In operation Class II wells for State with primacy, EPA w/o

US Dept of Agriculture – Forest Service

Permit from US Forest Service US Fish and Wildlife (Endangered species review) State Fish and Wildlife (State endangered species review)

US Dept of Interiors -- BLM

Permit from BLM US Fish and Wildlife (Endangered species review) State Fish and Wildlife (State endangered species review)

State Forestlands

Permit from State Forest and Fire Dept. State Dept of Fish and Wildlife US Fish and Wildlife Water Right or usage Permit US Army Corps of Eng. (OR) Div. of State Lands (OR) CEQA (CA) SEPA (WA) review

Private Forestlands Private Ranchlands

Permit from State Forest and Fire Dept. State Dept of Fish and Wildlife US Fish and Wildlife Water Right or usage Permit County Planning Dept (OR, WA) US Army Corps of Eng. (OR) Div. of State Lands (OR) CEQA (CA) SEPA (WA) review

US Dept of Interiors – Indian Lands

Permit from BLM US Fish and Wildlife (Endangered species review) State Fish and Wildlife (State endangered species review) Local Tribunal

Subsurface Storage and Disposal

Uncertain depending on classification of CO2 as product or waste

Biomass Local Air Permit (new source review) NPDES Permit County Planning Dept Permit from State Forest and Fire Dept. State Dept of Fish and Wildlife US Fish and Wildlife Water Right or usage Permit US Army Corps of Eng. (OR) Div. of State Lands (OR) CEQA (CA) SEPA (WA) review

US Dept of Interiors – National Parks

No way

CO2 Sequestration Ranking Options

West Coast Regional Partnership

Increasing difficulty