tti large scale co2 sequestration options san joaquin valley geology of the san joaquin valley by...

TTILarge Scale CO2 Sequestration Options

San Joaquin Valley

Geology of the San Joaquin Valley

by

Terralog Technologies USA, Inc.

February 13, 2008

BP CO2 Sequestration


San Joaquin Valley


San Joaquin Valley

Oil fields in the southern San Joaquin Valley; studied fields in red


San Joaquin Valley

Field/AreaAPI

range

Shallowest producing interval

(API)

Average depth (ft), shallowest

interval

Deepest Producing Interval (API)

Average depth (ft),

deepest

Cumulative Oil

Produced (Mbbl)

Estimated Oil

Reserves (Mbbl)

Cumulative Gas

Produced (MMcf)

Estimated Gas

Reserves (MMcf)

Alphalto 19-35 Etchegoin (19 API) 3,050 Carneros (31-60 API) 8,570 36,953 891 112,087 8,825

Belridge North 13-52Tulare-Etchegoin (13

API)600 Y Sand (32 API) 8,550 136,553 27,443 737,318 46,716

Belridge South 11 to 37 Tulare (11 API) 400Devilwater/Gould (37

API)8,200 1,468,742 520,215 482,463 142,494

Buena Vista 666,802 8,155 1,094,261 49,710

Front Area 18 to 28Above Scalez (AS)

(18-28 API)4,200 Mulina (18-28 API) 4,300 131,305 1,445 60,112

not available

Buena Vista Hills 19 to 36Top Oil (Sub-Scalez)

(19-36 API)2,300

555 Stevens (26-32 API)

5,300 535,497 6,710 1,034,148 49,710

Coles Levee North

33-49 Stevens (33-49 API) 5,300Point of Rocks ABD

(57 API)17,500 164,522 1,333 248,091 2,196

Coles Levee South

30-56 Stevens (30-56 API) 9,600-9,900 Nozu (39.2 API) 11,680 59,162 488 459,449 13,758

Elk Hills 10 to 50 Tulare (10 API) 1,120 Agua (37 API) 9,500 1,285,267 106,544 2,149,720 707,176

Greeley 34-36 Stevens (36 API) 8,300Rio Bravo-Vedder

(36 API)11,300 115,509 1,678 108,750 1,977

Lost Hills 12 to 40 Tulare (12-18 API) 200 Devilwater (32 API) 4,200 367,536 109,773 627,835 117,950McKittrick 303,374 19,972 225,836 21,051

Main Area 12 to 32Tulare-San Joaquin

(12-19 API)300-500 Stevens (19-32 API)

2,000-4,750

200,565 2,643 33,417 60

Northeast Area 11 to 39Tulare (Amnicola)

(12-25 API)650 Oceanic (36 API) 8,300 102,809 17,329 192,419 20,992

Paloma 61,432 165 432,524 350

Main 35-55Paloma (Stevens; 35-

55 API)10,000-10,300

Lower Stevens (36-47 API)

11,500 60,197 165 422,970 350

Symons 29-60Symons (Stevens; 37-

60 API)11,400

Paloma (Stevens; 29-57 API)

11,900 1,235not

available9,553

not available

Rio Bravo 32-40"Upper Olcese" (32-

34 API)10,200 Hebling (35 API) 11,650 117,487 1,936 132,226 1,417

Yowlumne 32-34 Etchegoin (32 API) 10,400 10-4 (Stevens) 11,500 110,716 2,561 96,411 2,833


San Joaquin Valley

1999

Texas 1,464,000 barrels of oil per day

Louisiana 1,333,000 barrels of oil per day

Alaska 1,044,000 barrels of oil per day

California 876,000 barrels of oil per day

Kern County 560,000 barrels of oil per day

Oklahoma 193,000 barrels of oil per day


San Joaquin Valley

0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000 1200000 1400000 1600000

Belridge South

Elk Hills

Buena Vista

Lost Hills

McKittrick

Coles Levee North

Belridge North

Rio Bravo

Greeley

Yowlumne

Paloma

Coles Levee South

Asphalto

Cumulative oil and condensate produced (Mbbl)

Cumulative oil and condensate production as of December, 2006 (DOGGR, 2007)


San Joaquin Valley

0 500000 1000000 1500000 2000000 2500000

Elk Hills

Buena Vista

Belridge North

Lost Hills

Belridge South

Coles Levee South

Paloma

Coles Levee North

McKittrick

Rio Bravo

Asphalto

Greeley

Yowlumne

Cumulative gas produced (MMcf)

Cumulative gas production as of December, 2006 (DOGGR, 2007)


San Joaquin Valley

0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000 800000

Elk Hills

Belridge South

Lost Hills

Buena Vista

Belridge North

McKittrick

Coles Levee South

Asphalto

Yowlumne

Coles Levee North

Greeley

Rio Bravo

Paloma

Estimated gas reserves (MMcf)

Estimated gas reserves as of December, 2006 (DOGGR, 2007)


San Joaquin Valley

Structure of the San Joaquin Valley.

NSB=Northern Sierran block; SSB=Southern Sierran block; NDH=northern Diablo homocline; WFB= westside fold belt; M-TS=Maricopa-Tejon subbasin

(Bartow, 1991)


San Joaquin Valley

(DOGGR, 1998)


San Joaquin Valley

San Joaquin basin stratigraphic column (Scheirer & Magoon, 2007)

Oil reservoir rock in greenGas reservoir rock in redShale dashed lines


San Joaquin Valley

Typical sand and mud deposition in submarine fan turbidite systems (Henderson, 1987


San Joaquin Valley

Formation/Member Age Depositional Environment Lithology

Tulare PleistoceneNon-marine alluvial, fluvial

& lacustrine Poorly consolidated gravels, sands, clays, silts;

occasional limestones and conglomerates

San Joaquin PlioceneRestrictive shallow marine

and non-marineAlternating clays interbedded with sands; graded

downward to marine sands, silts & shale; fossiliferous

Etchegoin PlioceneTransgressive shallow

marine shelf, deltaic, bay & estuary

Poorly sorted massive sands, shales, silts and clays; fossiliferous

Reef Ridge Miocene Deep marine basin Hard,siliceous shale, silty shale; thin sand lenses

Reef Ridge/Olig MioceneBasin margin & deep marine

fan/turbiditesMassive to thin-bedded sands, fine- to coarse-grained

Monterey/Antelope Shale Miocene Deep marine starved basinHard,siliceous shale, silty shale; minor sand & silt

laminations

Monterey/Stevens MioceneDeep-sea fan, channel

turbidites within deep basin Well-sorted, medium- to fine-grained sands

interbedded with shale; locally conglomeratic

Lower Monterey Miocene Deep marine starved basin Siliceous shale, interbedded silts & fine-grained sands

Upper Temblor/Carneros MioceneBasin margin & deep marine

fan/turbiditesMassive sands interbedded with thick shales

Freeman-Jewett/Olcese MioceneTransgressive

shallow/littoral to outer marine shelf

Fine- to medium-grained sands and silty sand; poorly to well sorted; friable

Lower Temblor/Santos-Agua OligoceneShallow to outer shelf &

slopeShale and siltstone with sandstone lenses; glauconitic

& phosphatic sandstone & siltstone

Vedder OligoceneDeltaic (?); inner shelf to

outer shelf & slopeWell-sorted, very fine- to medium-grained sandstone

with silt & shale interbeds

Tumey EoceneDeep marine basin; slope

turbidite (?)Basal massive siltstone; upper hard, siltstone & shale

Kreyenhagen/Point of Rocks EoceneHighstand slope & basin turbidites in deep marine

basin

Poorly sorted sands interbedded in bathyal, basinal shales

Major reservoir formations in the southern San Joaquin basin, their depositional environments and lithologies


San Joaquin Valley

Formation/Member Age Fields

Tulare PleistoceneBelridge North; Belridge South; Elk Hills; Lost Hills;

McKittrick Main & NE

San Joaquin PlioceneBuena Vista Front & Hills; Elk Hills; McKittrick Main

& NE

Etchegoin PlioceneAsphalto; Belridge North; Belridge South; Buena Vista

Front & Hills; Elk Hills; Lost Hills; Yowlumne

Reef Ridge MioceneBelridge North; Belridge South; Buena Vista Hills;

Lost Hills; McKittrick Main Reef Ridge/Olig Miocene Asphalto; Elk Hills; McKittrick Main & NE

Monterey/Antelope Shale

MioceneAsphalto; Belridge South; Buena Vista Hills;

McKittrick Main & NE

Monterey/Stevens MioceneAsphalto; Buena Vista Hills; Coles Levee North; Coles

Levee South; Elk Hills; Greeley; Mckittrick Main; Paloma; Yowlumne

Lower Monterey Miocene Lost Hills; Coles Levee SouthUpper

Temblor/CarnerosMiocene

Asphalto; Belridge North; Elk Hills; Lost Hills; McKittrick NE

Freeman-Jewett/Olcese

Miocene Greeley; Rio Bravo

Lower Temblor/Santos-Agua

Oligocene Belridge North; Elk Hills; McKittrick NE

Vedder Oligocene Greeley; Rio BravoTumey Eocene Belridge North; McKittrick NE

Kreyenhagen/Point of Rocks

Eocene McKittrick NE; Coles Levee North

Fields with production from major reservoir formations


San Joaquin Valley

Potential Fields for CO2 Sequestration

Based on potential storage capacity (pore volume), multiple target zones below 5000ft depth and presence of seals

Elk Hills

Belridge North

Paloma


San Joaquin Valley

Elk Hills

Belridge North

Paloma

Rio Bravo

Yowlumne

Greeley

Coles Levee South

Coles Levee North

Buena Vista

McKttrick

Asphalto

Lost Hills

Belridge South

0.00E+00 5.00E+09 1.00E+10 1.50E+10 2.00E+10 2.50E+10 3.00E+10

Estimated pore volumes for studied fields


San Joaquin Valley

Elk Hills

Discovered 1919

2,777 wells as of 12/2006


San Joaquin Valley

Pliocene contour map and cross section showing strucutre of Elk Hills anticlines (Fiore,

et al., 2007)


San Joaquin Valley

Miocene structure contour map (DOGGR, 1998)


San Joaquin Valley

Cross section for Elk Hills (DOGGR, 1998)


San Joaquin Valley

Stratigraphic column for Elk Hills


San Joaquin Valley

TARGET ZONETHICKNESS

(ft)POROSITY (%)

AREA (mmft2)

PORE VOL (ft3) SEAL

Olig 15 21 271 8.56E+08 Reef Ridge Shale

Stevens 275 21 271 1.57E+10 Reef Ridge Shale

Northwest Stevens 200 21 46 1.78E+09 Reef Ridge Shale

Carneros 170 19 271 6.93E+09 Media Shale

Agua 480 - 1.1 - Santos Shale

Potential CO2 targets and seals for Elk Hills


San Joaquin Valley

Belridge North

Discovered in 1912

1072 wells as of 12/2006


San Joaquin Valley

Structure contour map for the Oligocene of Belridge North (DOGGR, 1998)


San Joaquin Valley

Cross section and stratigraphy for

Belridge North (DOGGR, 1998)


San Joaquin Valley

Extent of diatomite reservoir, North and South Belridge fields


San Joaquin Valley

Potential CO2 target zones and seals for Belridge North

TARGET ZONETHICK-NESS (ft)

POROSITY (%)

AREA (mmft2)

PORE VOL (ft3) SEAL

“Temblor Sand” 600 25 67 1.01E+10 Devilwater/Gould shales

Carneros 80 17 67 9.11E+08 Media Shale

R Sand (Agua) 150 16 67 1.61E+09 Santos Shale

Bloemer/Belridge 64/Gibson

400 14 67 3.75E+09 Lower Santos Shale

Y Sand 75 15 67 7.54E+08 Cymric Shale


San Joaquin Valley

Paloma

Discovered in 1939

28 wells as of 12/2006


San Joaquin Valley

Structure contour map for the upper Miocene of the Paloma oil field


San Joaquin Valley

Cross section of the Paloma field (DOGGR, 1998)


San Joaquin Valley

Stratigraphy for the Paloma field


San Joaquin Valley

TARGET ZONETHICK-NESS (ft)

POROSITY (%)

AREA (mmft2)

PORE VOL (ft3) SEAL

Paloma (Stevens) 250 20 50 2.5E+09Antelope Shale and Reef Ridge

Shale

Lower Stevens 200 16 47 1.5E+09 Antelope Shale

Potential CO2 target zones and seals for the Paloma field


San Joaquin Valley

CONCLUSIONS

Extensive regional shales and thick, lenticular sand bodies in multiple fields

Based on potential storage volume estimated from pore volume for producing zones at >5000ft depth, candidate fields for CO2 sequestration include:

Elk Hills

Belridge North

Paloma


San Joaquin Valley

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