treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

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TREATMENT OF SLUDGE AND RECLAIMED WASTEWATER POLLUTED WITH EMERGING CONTAMINANTS Guillem Llorens Blanch BioremUAB Seminar April, 24th 2015

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Page 1: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

TREATMENT OF SLUDGE

AND RECLAIMED

WASTEWATER POLLUTED

WITH EMERGING

CONTAMINANTS

Guillem Llorens Blanch

BioremUAB Seminar

April, 24th 2015

Page 2: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

Contents1. Introduction

2. Objectives

3. Methodology

4. ResultsI. Degradation of

hydrochlorothiazide in

liquid systems

II. Optimization of

biopile systems

III. Treatment of MBR

sludge

IV. Treatment of WWTP’s

dried sludge

V. Fungi as low-cost

sorbent for Heavy

Metals

VI. Post-treatment of

WWTP’s water

Page 3: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

IntroductionI. WWTP Sludge

II. Soil-Aquifer Treatment

i. Groundwater

recharge

ii. Low-cost sorbent

III. Emerging Polllutants

IV. Bioremediation

i. Micoremediation

ii. White rot fungi

iii. Trametes versicolor

Page 4: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

I. WWTP Sludge

A mix of water and solids.

The main waste produced in WWTPs

High water content

High content of OM, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg

Can contain heavy metals, pathogens, and

organic pollutants

WWTP sludge activities is becoming an

interesting product in agricultural and forestry

activities.

Page 5: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

II. Soil-Aquifer Treatment

Groundwater is an important naturalresource that can be use to supply waterfor municipal, agricultural, and industrialpurposes.

Artificial recharge methods are faster thannatural systems:

Direct aquifer injection systems: to putwater directly into the underground waterbasins.

Surface spreading recharge systems: toreplenish aquifers by infiltration

Page 6: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

II. Soil-Aquifer Treatment

With surface spreading, reclaimedwastewater is intermittently introduced intospreading basins

Water will percolate across the ground andthroughout the aquifer

Water quality improvement thanks tophysical, chemical, and biological naturalprocesses

This is the so-called Soil-Aquifer Treatment(SAT)

Page 7: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

II. Soil-Aquifer Treatment

Miotlinski et al. 2010

Page 8: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

II. Soil-Aquifer Treatment

Adsorption is the mass transfer of a

substance from a liquid to a solid’s surface.

Activated carbon is the universal

adsorbent, but it is expensive.

Local materials available in large quantities

(natural products or waste) can be utilized

as inexpensive sorbents.

A material is a low-cost sorbent when

requires little processing, and is abundant.

Page 9: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

III. Emerging Pollutants

Emerging pollutants are a group of man-madeand natural chemicals.

Not yet regulated; not deeply studied; can bea danger for the environment, and human andanimal health.

Detected in salt-water, freshwater andwastewater

Concentration: few ng·L-1 to thousands g·L-1

Formed by: pharmaceuticals products,personal care products (PCPs), endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), perfluorinatedcompounds (PFCs), and transformationproducts (TPs)

Page 10: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

IV. Bioremediation

The use of microorganisms to remove chemical

compounds; treatments more sustainable and cheap

than traditional physical-chemical treatments.

Micoremediation: The use of fungi in bioremediation

processes. Fungi are eukaryotic organisms constituted by

especial structures called mycelia.

White Rot Fungi (WRF): basidiomycets are able to degrade

lignin. These ligninolytic fungi can degrade lignin thanks to

its unspecific extracellular enzyme system.

Trametes versicolor (T.v.): a WRF widely studied in the

treatment of polluted wastewaters, soils and sludge with:

textile dyes, PPCPs, UV-filters, and PAH

Page 11: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

Objectives Study of fungaldegradation ofemerging pollutantsin sludge

Improvement of aSAT by removingemerging pollutantswith low-costsorbents

Environmental andeconomic study ofthe processes byLCA and RA

Page 12: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

Methodology

I. Sludge

Treatment

II. Reclaimed

Wastewater

Treatment

Page 13: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

I. Sludge

Treatment

Sludge...

Active

Anaerobic

WWTP

Thermic

dried

MBR

Treatment in...

Bioslurry

Biopiles

Spiked

Real

Concentrations

Pollutants

Lacasse

ND24

Glucose Degradation

Page 14: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

II. Reclaimed

Wastewater Treatment

Wastewater...

WWTP with

mixed urban

and industrial

influents

Adsorption…

Biochar

NUA

Real

Concentrations

Pollutants

Soil-Aquifer

Treatment

(SAT)

Page 15: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

ResultsI. Degradation of

hydrochlorothiazide

in liquid systems

II. Optimization of biopile systems

III. Treatment of MBR

sludge

IV. Treatment of WWTP’s

dried sludge

V. Fungi as low-cost

adsorbent for Heavy

Metals

VI. Post-treatment of WWTP’s water

Page 16: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

I. Degradation of hydrochlorothiazide

(HZT) in liquid systems

HZT degradation experiments in spiked

media cultures at optimal growth

conditions for T.v..

Analyses of glucose consumption,

laccase activity, and HZT degradation.

Page 17: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

I. Degradation of hydrochlorothiazide

(HZT) in liquid systems

Page 18: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

I. Degradation of hydrochlorothiazide

(HZT) in liquid systems

45% of the measured HZT is eliminated from

the media.

10% of the compound was adsorbed on

the fungal biomass.

35% degraded.

Page 19: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

II. Optimization of biopile systems

Data from prior experiments Soil colonization by Trametes versicolor grown

on lignocellulosic materials: Substrateselection and naproxen degradation. E.Borràs, G. Llorens-Blanch, C. E. Rodríguez-Rodríguez, M. Sarrà, G. Caminal. InternationalBiodeterioration & Biodegradation 65 (2011)846-852.

Practice report Jordi & C. E. Rodríguez-Rodríguez.

Experiment with oil pruning and sludge

Page 20: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

II. Optimization of biopile systems

Group

Substrate(g)

Sludge (g)

Moisture (%)

1 3.0 6.0 40

2 2.5 6.5 54

3 2.0 7.0 60

4 1.3 7.7 54

5 0.8 8.2 40

6 1.3 7.7 26

7 2.0 7.0 20

8 2.5 6.5 26

9 2.0 6.0 40

Page 21: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

III. Treatment of MBR sludge

Designed to test the ability of T.v. to growon liquid MBR sludge, and its degradationcapacity.

HZT as a target compound.

3 different culture media: complete media,glucose media and no-nutrient media.

Sterile and non-sterile conditions.

Page 22: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

III. Treatment of MBR sludge

Sterile Conditions

Effect of media composition on the

degradation of spiked HZT in sterile bioslurry

system.

Page 23: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

III. Treatment of MBR sludge

Complete Media Glucose Media

No-Nutrient Media

Sterile Conditions

Page 24: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

III. Treatment of MBR sludge

Complete Media Glucose Media

No-Nutrient Media

Sterile Conditions

Page 25: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

III. Treatment of MBR sludge

Non-sterile Conditions

Non-sterile conditions were tested for the

no-nutrient cultures in order to determine if

T.v. could degrade spiked HZT in

competition with the autochthonous sludge

microorganisms.

Page 26: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

III. Treatment of MBR sludge

Laccase activity wasnegligible.

HZT degradationhigher than inprevious experiments.

HTZ degradation ininoculated culturesfaster than in rawsludge control.

Non-sterile Conditions

Page 27: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

III. Treatment of MBR sludge

Pharmaceuticals degradation in non-spiked bioslurry

Determine the efficiency of T.v. to eliminatePPCPs at real concentrations in bioslurry.

3 groups: sterilized sludge with T.v., non-sterilized sludge with T.v., and non-sterilizedsludge without T.v.

Page 28: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

III. Treatment of MBR sludge

Non-spiked Bioslurry

Removal: Inoculated: 66% Non-inoculated: 54%

In all cases partial ortotal drug removal wasobserved.

5 pharmaceuticalsshowed negativeelimination rates.

Page 29: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

III. Treatment of MBR sludge

Non-spiked Bioslurry

Page 30: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

III. Treatment of MBR sludge

Liquid MBR sludge can be treated with

T.v. at the Erlenmeyer scale.

T.v. grown under non-sterile conditions

without any extra nutrients.

The time to eliminate the drug was

reduced with T.v.

Non-spiked Bioslurry

Page 31: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

III. Treatment of MBR sludge

Biopiles system

Determine the efficiency of T.v. to

eliminate HZT in a biopiles system.

Waste as substrate: Olive Pruning

Page 32: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

III. Treatment of MBR sludge

Biopiles

Page 33: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

III. Treatment of MBR sludge

Removal: 86%

Is not feasible to treat MBR sludge in

biopiles due to its high water content.

Biopiles

Page 34: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

IV. Treatment of WWTP’s dried

sludge

Biopiles in trays

Determine the efficiency of T.v. to

eliminate PPCPs in larger biopiles (380g).

Sludge from WWTP El Prat de Llobregat

Waste as substrate: Pine Bark

Page 35: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

IV. Treatment of WWTP’s dried

sludge

Biopiles in trays

Page 36: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

IV. Treatment of WWTP’s dried

sludge

Biopiles in trays

Page 37: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

IV. Treatment of WWTP’s dried

sludge

SAILAB Results

CompoundInitial

sludge

Biopiles

before reinoculation

Reinoculated

biopiles at final time

Non-

einoculated

biopiles at final time

Sludge +

Substrate at final time

Sludge at final time

Bisoprolol 0.5 0 0 0 0 0

Enroflaxicin 1.4 0 0 0 0 0

Progesterone 5.3 0 0 0 0 0

Methadone 5.6 0 0 0 0 0

Diclofenac 1.1 0 0 0 0 0

Gemfibrozil 0.43 0 0 0 0 0.4

Indomethacin

0.4 0 0 0 0 0

ICRA Results

21 compounds

detected

High disparity

between triplicates

and times

Biopiles in trays

Page 38: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

IV. Treatment of WWTP’s dried

sludge

Biopiles in trays

The low repeatability is due to sampling

technique.

Difficult to take unitary and representative

samples in large biopiles.

Page 39: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

IV. Treatment of WWTP’s dried

sludge

Biopiles in bottles

Determine the efficiency of T.v. to

eliminate PPCPs in small (20g) but more

representative biopiles.

Sludge from WWTP El Prat de Llobregat

Waste as substrate: Pine Bark

Page 40: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

IV. Treatment of WWTP’s dried

sludge

Biopiles in bottles

Page 41: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

V. Fungi as low-cost sorbent for

Heavy Metals

Treatment of heavy metals with T.v..

The first step was to reproduce a

published adsorption experiment with

another fungus.

Impossible to reproduce the conditions of

the paper.

Inconsistent results.

This research line has been abandoned.

Page 42: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

VI. Post-treatment of WWTP’s

water

Improve the quality of reclaimedwastewater used in SAT.

Determine the efficiency of 2 low-costsorbents to eliminate emerging pollutants.

NUA: neutralised used acid comes fromheavy mineral processing residue

BIOCHAR: charcoal produced by thepyrolysis of biomass (eucalyptus).

Soil: Alice Springs SAT basin E

Page 43: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

VI. Post-treatment of WWTP’s

water

Pilot-scale basinsPilot-scale basins

Page 44: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

VI. Post-treatment of WWTP’s

water

Initial Screening

Determine the capacity of the soil to adsorb

a mixture of 7 compounds without

amendments.

24h batch sorption.

3 soil:solution ratio(g:mL): 1:1, 1:5 and 1:50.

Ibuprofen, carbamazepine, ofloxacin,

trimethorpim, ketoprofen, propranolol, and

sulfamethoxazole

Page 45: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

VI. Post-treatment of WWTP’s

water

Initial Screening

Page 46: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

VI. Post-treatment of WWTP’s

water

Ratio Experiment

Effect of the soil:amendment ratio in the

adsorption of 3 compounds.

2 amendments: Biochar and NUA.

24h batch sorption.

1 soil:solution ratio(g:mL): 1:5.

5 amendment:soil ratio: 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5%.

Trimethorpim, propranolol, and

sulfamethoxazole.

Page 47: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

VI. Post-treatment of WWTP’s

water

Ratio Experiment

Page 48: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

VI. Post-treatment of WWTP’s

water

Incubation Experiment

Determine the sorption of a mixture of 7compounds into a soil amended withbiochar and NUA.

21d batch sorption experiments.

3 soil:solution ratio(g:mL): 1:1, 1:5 and 1:50.

1 amendment:soil ratio: 1%.

Ibuprofen, carbamazepine, ofloxacin,trimethorpim, ketoprofen, propranolol, andsulfamethoxazole

Page 49: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

VI. Post-treatment of WWTP’s

water

Incubation Experiment

Page 50: Treatment of sludge and reclaimed wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants

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