1. 1. Traps andSewers Building Services Presentation Rohan Choudhary Prashant Chauhan Jatin Kashyap Akaldeep Singh
2. 2. SEWERS Sewers are the drains or closed conduits, used for the conveyance and carriage of sewage from the house drain, to the sewage treatment plant. Building Services Presentation 212 May 2015
3. 3. Materials Stoneware Cast iron Rigid PVC Cement Concrete Asbestos Cement Building Services Presentation 312 May 2015
4. 4. Materials CI,AC or PVC pipes are generally used for above ground drainage. For underground sewers stoneware pipes,CI or CC pipes are generally used because of there higher strength and ability to withstand to external pressure . Building Services Presentation 412 May 2015
5. 5. STONEWARE PIPES Stoneware pipes, are also known as vitrified clay pipes are prepared from clays and shales. They are manufactured in sizes 8O to 6OOO mm in dia, but sizes more than 380 mm dia are not used in cost consideration. Building Services Presentation 512 May 2015
6. 6. Joints inSW Pipes 12 May 2015 Building Services Presentation 6
7. 7. Laying of Stoneware pipes All pipes are laid on a bed of 15cm cement or lime concrete. The sewers with there crown level at 1.2mm depth and less from ground are covered with 15cm thick concrete all around the pipe. Building Services Presentation 712 May 2015
8. 8. Jointing ofSW Cement mortar joint Polyester and rubber ring joint Sleeved joint Building Services Presentation 812 May 2015
9. 9. A Advantages Disadvantages SW pipes are strong enough to take the load of backfilling and traffic. These sewers being brittle in nature, are likely to be damaged during transport or handling operations. The interior surface being smooth and impervious, carrying capacity of sewage is good. These sewers are bulky and heavy in weight. SW pipes are cheap and easily available. These sewers are durable and resist corrosion against most acids. Building Services Presentation 9 Advantages and Disadvantages 12 May 2015
10. 10. StraightSW pipes In the socketed pipes, one end has socket and other end is called spigot. The interior of socket and exterior of socket has grooves for holding the jointing material in place. Normally 100 to 150 diameter pipes are used. Larger diameters pipes are used for public sewers. Building Services Presentation 1012 May 2015
11. 11. Radius bends These are used at horizontal and vertical changes of direction of straight lengths of drains. Building Services Presentation 1112 May 2015
12. 12. SW junctions These are necessary between drains. The branch or the arm of the junctions should be obliquely inclined in the direction of the flow of sewage. Right angled or squared junctions should be completely avoided. In unavoidable circumstances, branch pipe which is at right angles to a main drain should be connected by mean of oblique junction and slow bend. Building Services Presentation 1212 May 2015
13. 13. Taper pipes Taper pipes are used when there is a need to increase or decrease the size of stoneware pipes. Building Services Presentation 1312 May 2015
14. 14. Bending/Encas ing stoneware pipes Internal diameter Thickness of barrel socket in mm 100 12 150 16 200 17 250 19 300 20 350 25 400 30 450 35 500 38 Building Services Presentation 1412 May 2015
15. 15. CAST IRON PIPES Cast iron pipes are strong and durable.The surfaces of CI pipes are coated with paint or cement concrete, so as to avoid its reaction with acids contained in the sewage. Building Services Presentation 1512 May 2015
16. 16. 12 May 2015 Building Services Presentation 16 CAST IRON PIPES CI pipes are used in following cases: When the drain passes under a structure of covered area. When the drains passes the under a road, which is subjected to heavy traffic and where the covering cushion is not considered sufficient. When the drain passes through a place where it is subjected to vibration.
17. 17. JointsOfCI Pipes 12 May 2015 Building Services Presentation 17
18. 18. 12 May 2015 Building Services Presentation 18
19. 19. 12 May 2015 Building Services Presentation 19
20. 20. RIGID PVC DRANAGE SYSTEM They are widely accepted for applications such as cold water services, internal external water system water mains, rain water system and underground drainage water pipe system Rigid PVC pipes are generally available from 16 to 350mm diameter, but pipes of sizes up to 600 diameter also produced. Rigid PVC is resistant to most inorganic acids, alkalis and sault as well as many organic chemical. It is quit resistant to most effluents, sault water, corrosive fumes, soil and the likes, which leads to its application over a wide field. Building Services Presentation 2012 May 2015
21. 21. 12 May 2015 Building Services Presentation 21
22. 22. RIGID PVC JOINTS 12 May 2015 Building Services Presentation 22
23. 23. RIGID PVC FITTINGS 12 May 2015 Building Services Presentation 23
24. 24. CEMENT CONCRETE PIPES Cement concrete pipes are used for carrying sewage may be plain or reinforced. PlainCement concrete pipes are used in sewerage system on a limited scale, and generally reinforced pipes are used. Reinforced pipes are manufactured by centrifugal process or spun process. The RCC spun pipes are of two types: Non pressure Pressure pipe Building Services Presentation 2412 May 2015
25. 25. 12 May 2015 Building Services Presentation 25
26. 26. Building Services Presentation 26 Class Description Table Pressure (Hydrostatics) Conditions where normally used NP1 Unreinforced concrete non pressure pipes 0.7 kg sq cm (7 meter head) For drainage and irrigation use, above ground and shallow trenches. NP2 Reinforced concrete light duty, non pressure pipes 0.7 kg sq cm (7 meter head) For drainage and irrigation use, for culverts carrying light traffic. NP3 Reinforced concrete medium duty non pressure pipes 0.7 kg sq cm (7 meter head) For drainage and irrigation use, for culverts carrying heavy traffic. NP4 Reinforced concrete, heavy duty, non pressure pipes 0.7 kg sq cm (7 meter head) For drainage and irrigation use, for culverts carrying heavy traffic such as railway loading. P1 Reinforced concrete pressure pipes. 2 kg sq cm (20 meter head) For use on gravity mains, the design pressure not exceeding 2/3rd of the test pressure. P2 Reinforced concrete pressure pipes. 4 kg sq cm (40 meter head) For use on pumping mains, the design pressure not exceeding half of the test pressure. P3 Reinforced concrete pressure pipes. 6 kg sq cm (60 meter head) For use on pumping mains, the design pressure not exceeding half of the test pressure. 12 May 2015
27. 27. Reinforcements inCC pipes Single circular cage For the sewers of diameter not more than 80cm the single circular cage reinforcement is provided. Double circular cage If the diameter of the pipe exceeds 80cm, and is subject to both internal and external pressure CC pipes are provided double reinforced cage. Building Services Presentation 2712 May 2015
28. 28. RCC PIPES SECTION Single and double reinforcement CC sewer pipe with elliptical cage 12 May 2015 Building Services Presentation 28
29. 29. RCC PIPE WITH SECTION 12 May 2015 Building Services Presentation 29
30. 30. Shapes of sewers Egg shaped section Horse shoe section Building Services Presentation 3012 May 2015
31. 31. Shapes of sewers Parabolic section Box type section Building Services Presentation 3112 May 2015
32. 32. Process of lying RCC sewer pipe 12 May 2015 Building Services Presentation 32