TRANSRAPIDMANGLEVBY– ISHAAN GUPTAECE-12303914802810

OUTLINETransrapid working

Cryogen Working

Parts and Principle

Germany vs. Japan

Advantages

Impacts

Summary

References

Two

TypesMaglev

Full scale speed500 km/hr

TypesEMS

Servo-Controlled ElectromagnetsIron-plate rail

Magnetic attraction

Magnetic repulsion

EDS

SuperconductingInduction

Cryogenic

EMS system: The German Trans-Rapid TR08 demonstration train and 30 kilometer test track, with operating speeds up to 450 km/hr.

EDS system: The Japanese Yamanashi demonstration train, with speeds of 500 km/hr on a 18 kilometer test track.

Maglevworking

•The magnets on the side => Sharper turnsAn on-Board Master computer => Efficient Levitation

Propulsion System

Three Phase Motor GUIDE-WAY

• The system consists of aluminum three-phase cable windings in stator packs on guide way.

• When current is supplied to the windings, it creates a traveling alternating current that propels the train.

• When AC is reversed, the train brakes.• Different speeds are achieved by varying the

intensity of the current.• Only a section of track of train travel area is

electrified.

The Japanese maglev uses superconducting magnets

Lateral Guidance•The super conducting magnet induces repulsive-attractive forces keeping the train in the center of the guide way.

The German Trans-Rapid Maglev

The Japanese Yamanashi

Swiss-Metro

Lock./07

Inductrack System

The Inductrack

SystemOptimizes levitation efficiency

Uses Halbach magnetinc arraysUses a passive track and permanent magnets

Attains levitation at lower speeds

End view of Halbach array on moving car

Upper conductors of shorted levitation circuits in track

0 5 10 15 20 25 300.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Fraction of Maximum Levitation Force vs Speed

Speed (km/hr)

Frac

tion

of

Max

imum

Lift

For

ce

Transition speed (1.2 km/hr)

Carbon fiber cradle was designed using ANSYS

Locations of each 5-magnet Halbach array(same front and back)

Ribs needed to withstand the repulsive force caused by the magnets andinduced current

65-cm

Cradle weight = 3.5 kg Magnet weight = 5.5 kg

GUIDE RAILS TO PREVENTMAGNETS FROM HITTINGTRACK PRIOR TO LEVITATION

ONE OF 6 MAGNETS(3 FRONT, 3 BACK)THAT PROVIDE LEVITATIONAND CENTERING FORCES

STEEL BOX BEAM

DRIVE &LEVITATIONCOILS INTRACK

C-FIBERCRADLEWITH RIBSTO SUPPORTMAGNETIC

FORCE FIBERGLASS I-BEAM

Lock./19

0 100 200 300 400 5000

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Lift/Drag Ratio for Inductrack and for Conducting Plate

Speed (km/hr)

Lift

/Dra

g

Conducting plate

Inductrack (L = 0)

Inductrack ( K = 3.0 Newtons/Watt)

(Wavelength of Halbach array = 1.0 m.)

Jet airplane

Conv. rails @ 250 km/hr

(aero. not included)

The levitation and drag forces of the Inductrack can be analyzed using circuit theory and Maxwell’s equations

)cos()/()sin( =I(t)

:state)(steady current Induced

)cos(

: voltage

2)/(1

10

0

tLRtL

tRIdtdILV

Induced

LR

To analyze the Inductrack we start with the equations for the magnetic field components of a Halbach array

Bx B0 sin(kx) exp[ k(y1 y)]

By B0 cos(kx) exp[ k(y1 y)]

B0 Br [1 exp( kd)]sin( / M)

/ MBr = Remanent field (Tesla), M = no. of magnets/wavelength.d(m) = thickness of Halbach array magnets, k = 2π/l

Integrating Bx in y gives the flux linked by the Inductrack circuits and yields equations for the Lift and Drag forces

Fy B0

2w2

2kL1

1 (R / L)2 exp( 2ky1)

Fx B0

2w2

2kL(R / L)

1 (R / L)2 exp( 2ky1)

w = width of Halbach array, L,R = circuit induct./resistance

Newtons/circuit

Newtons/circuit

Dividing <Fy > by <Fx > yields an equation for the Lift-to-Drag ratio as a function of the track circuit parameters.

RLv

RL

DragLift

2

The Lift/Drag ratio increases linearly with velocity, and with the L/R ratio of the Inductrack track circuits.

The levitation efficiency (Newtons/Watt) can be determined directly from the equation for the Lift/Drag ratio

Since P Fx v, the equation for the levitation efficiency is:

K Fy

P

2

LR

Newtons/Watt

Typical K values: K=1.0 to 5.0, depending on track design

Application InfoComm

Safety•Virtually impossible to derail.•Collisions between trains unlikely

Maintenance• Contactless journey..SO,NEARLY NO MAINTAINANCE!!

Comfort•The ride at nearly 500km/hr is smooth while not sudden accelerating. (Which, is also unlikely!)

Economic Efficiency•The initial investment similar but operating expenses are half.•Can take 200-1000 passengers in single run

•The linear generators produce electricity for the cabin of the train.

Speed•Can travel at about 300 mph.•For trips of distances up to 500 miles its total travel time is equal to a planes •It can accelerate to 200 mph in 3 miles.=>ideal for short jumps.

EnvironmentADVANTAG

ES

USES LESS

ENEGY

LESS FUEL USED

FUEL

1/5 OF JET

1/3 OF CAR

SPEED FUEL

AT 200KM/H

R->1L

AT 300KM/H

R->2L

5-10 ft Levitation

Allows small animals to pass under

10-27 ft Levitation

Allows medium animals to pass under

50ft Levitation

Allows large animals, humans to pass

MagLev vs. Conventional TrainsMagLev Trains Conventional Trains

No Friction = Less Maintenance

Routine Maintenance Needed

No Engine = No fuel required

Engine requires fossil fuels

Speeds in excess of300 mph

Speeds up to 110 mph

Summary Magnetic levitation (maglev) trains have been under development for

many years in Germany and Japan for high-speed rail systems. Maglev would offer many advantages as compared to conventional rail

systems or inter-city air travel. The cost and complexity of presently developed high-speed maglev trains

has slowed their deployment. The Inductrack maglev system, employing simple arrays of permanent

magnets, may offer an economic alternative to existing maglev systems. The simplicity of the Inductrack may make it attractive for use in a variety

of applications, including urban maglev systems, people movers, and point-to-point shipment of high-value freight

The Inductrack, employing Halbach arrays, is an example of a practical application of the results of fundamental studies in magnetics and particle-accelerator physics.

Referenc

es Bonsor, Kevin. “H

ow Maglev Trains Work”. 5 September, 2002. <

http://travel.howstuffworks.com/maglev-train.htm>

Keating, Oliver. “Maglevs (M

agnetically Levitated Trains)”. 16 June,

2000. <http://www.okeating.com/hsr/maglev.htm>

Disney Online. “California Screamin’”. August, 1

999. <

http://disneyland.disney.go.com/disneyland/en_US/parks/attractions/

detail?name=CaliforniaScreaminAttractionPage

>

MagLev Systems. “Electromagnetic Systems”.

General Atomics

and Affiliated Companies. 2005. <http://www.ga.com/atg/ems.php

>. Lockhem tech.

http://www.google.com