transnational communities
TRANSCRIPT
Transnational Communities- not your grandfather’s diaspora -
Boston Redevelopment AuthorityAlvaro Lima,
April, 2016
Traditional Understanding – The Migration Flow
ADMISSION: Who? How many?
What kind?
poverty
stagnation
overpopulation
etc…
Traditional Understanding – The Migration Flow
WHY?
CountryTotal
Population (millions)
Population from
Developing Countries (millions)
Percent of Total
Population
Top Five Source
Countries (percent of
total)
Top Five Source Countries
United States
Spain
France
UK
Netherlands
Portugal
Japan
281.4
40.8
58.5
58.8
16.0
10.4
127
28.4
1.5
3.7
3.0
1.2
0.5
1.2
10.1
3.7
6.4
5.1
7.6
4.5
1.0
45.2
44.2
20.4
30.1
48.6
62.8
69.6
Mexico, Philippines, Puerto Rico, India, China
Morocco, Ecuador, Colombia, Argentina, Venezuela
Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Turkey, Vietnam
India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Jamaica, South Africa
Suriname, Turkey, Indonesia, Morocco, Netherlands Antilles
Angola, Mozambique, Brazil, Cape Verde, Venezuela
North Korea, South Korea, China, Brazil, Philippines
Foreign-Born Population of Rich OECD Countries from Developing Countries
Source: Let Their People Come, Lant Pritchett, 2006
labor market
housingeducation
etc…
Traditional Understanding – The Settlement (1)
ESOL
entrepreneurship
Contexts of Exit and Incorporation
Context of Incorporation:Inclusion & Exclusion StructuresAlien versus Citizenship RightsGovernment & Other Support SystemsRace and Ethnicity Structuresetc.
Context of Exit:Education LevelRace & EthnicityFamily WealthUrban versus Rural OriginGovernment & Other Support Systemsetc.
New Understand - Immigrant Transnationalism
Drivers of Transnationalism
Developments in the means of transportation and communications have changed the relations between people and places (costs);
International migrations have become crucial to the demographic future of many developed countries;
Global political transformations and new international legal regimes weakened the state as the only legitimate source of rights;
Fostered by global consumption, global production, and immigration, cultural hybridization are substituting folkloric romanticism and political nationalism enshrined as essences of national cultures;
Transnational platforms
New Possibilities – Transnational Platforms
Transnational platforms
www.digaai.com
Projeto Remessas - Remittances
Measuring Transnationalism
The Six Ts of Transnationalism
Source: Transnational Engagement, Remittances and their Relationship to Development in Latin America and the Caribbean, Institute for the Study of International Migration, Georgetown University, Manuel Orozco, Principal Investigator, 2003.
$875
$398
$331
$218
$-
$100
$200
$300
$400
$500
$600
$700
$800
$900
BrazilEcuador
México
GuatemalaGuyana
Dominican R.
Colombia
Nicaragua
El Salvador
HondurasCuba
Monthly Remittance by Nationality
$278 $274
$192 $188 $185 $177$113
ABOVE AVERAGE
BELOW AVERAGE
AVERAGE = $294
45.4%
20.5%17.8%
5.1% 4.9% 3.7% 1.6% 0.8% 0.2%0.0%5.0%
10.0%15.0%20.0%25.0%30.0%35.0%40.0%45.0%50.0%
Foods and spices
Videos, DVDs, CDs
Clothing
Newspapers/magazines
BooksAlcohol
Cigarettes
Craft Items
Others
Purchasing of Nostalgic Products Among Brazilians
37.6%
28.9%26.0%
5.5%
1.6% 0.3%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
Does nothave / NR
Checkingaccount
Savingsaccount
Credit card Investmentaccount
Foreigncurrencysavings
Financial Accounts in Country of Origin - Brazil
MEASURING TRANSNATIONALIS
M
46.6%
36.80%
27.0%
22.7%20.0%
15.3% 14.0%10.3% 9.1%
5.7%3.7%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
45.0%
50.0%
GuyanaBrazil
Ecuador
Honduras
Colombia
Nicaragua
Dominican R.
MéxicoCuba
El Salvador
Guatemala
Help Beyond Remittances
AVERAGE = 19.2%
ABOVE AVERAGE
BELOW AVERAGE
14
26.3%
12.4%10.0%
6.7%5.0%
4.0% 3.5% 3.3% 2.8% 2.4%0.0%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
GuyanaBrazil
Ecuador
Honduras
Colombia
Nicaragua
Mexico
Dominican R.
Guatemala
El Salvador
Cuba
Support of Hometown Associations
AVERAGE = 6.7%
ABOVE AVERAGE
BELOW AVERAGE
MEASURING TRANSNATIONALIS
M
MEASURING TRANSNATIONALIS
M