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Trainer’s Manual Module on Air Quality and Noise Legislation

COOPERATION WITH NATIONAL JUDGES IN THE FIELD OF EU ENVIRONMENTAL LAW

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Table of contents I. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 4

1. Objectives .................................................................................................................. 4

2. Structure .................................................................................................................... 5

II. Methodology ............................................................................................................... 6

1. Time frame ................................................................................................................ 6

2. Trainer’s profile ......................................................................................................... 6

3. Teaching methods ..................................................................................................... 7

4. Documents .............................................................................................................. 10

III. User’s pack: the function of different elements of the training module .................. 11

1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 11

2. Blended e-learning.................................................................................................. 11

3. Background documentation ................................................................................... 12

4. Workshop exercise material ................................................................................... 13

5. Trainer’s contributions ............................................................................................ 13

6. Additional documents ............................................................................................ 14

IV. Organising and implementing workshop: structure, content and methodology ..... 15

Setting the scene........................................................................................................ 16

Unit 1: Impacts of air and noise pollution on human health: a scientific and technical introduction................................................................................................ 19

Unit 2: General overview of the Air Quality Directive ............................................. 22

Unit 3: Air Quality Directive – main objectives, key features and links with other relevant EU legislation ............................................................................................... 29

Unit 4: Case Study on the Air Quality Directive ........................................................ 36

Unit 5: Adoption of an air quality plan according to Article 23 of the Air Quality Directive ..................................................................................................................... 38

Unit 6: Case study on Article 23 of the Air Quality Directive ................................... 45

Unit 7: General overview of the Environmental Noise Directive ............................. 47

Unit 8: Implementation of the Environmental Noise Directive in Member States .. 51

Unit 9: Case study on the Environmental Noise Directive ........................................ 55

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Unit 10: Principles of EU Environmental Law as underlying principles of the Air Quality Directive and the Environmental Noise Directive: Prevention, Precaution, Correction, Subsidiarity, Proportionality ................................................................... 57

Unit 11: What is the role for a judge implementing the Air Quality Directive and the Environmental Noise Directive ............................................................................ 61

Unit 12: Case study on access to justice for citizens and NGOs with the Air Quality Directive and the Environmental Noise Directive ..................................................... 65

Unit 13: Closing session – evaluation of the workshop ............................................ 69

1. Template of indicative workshop programme in English ......................................... 70

2. Template of indicative workshop programme in French ………………………………..72

3. Background material to be contained in the user’s pack in English …………………...74

4. Background material to be contained in the user’s pack in French …………………...84

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I. Introduction

This training module on Air Quality and Noise Legislation, developed by ERA on behalf of the European Commission, is addressed to judicial training institutes, networks of judges, national judges, experts from NGOs, academic experts, trainers, any other relevant actors (for example, prosecutors) and end users of European Union Member States wishing to organise training sessions in the area of EU environmental law with particular focus on air quality and noise legislation.

1. Objectives

The training module addresses judges and prosecutors dealing with environmental issues with previous general, and in certain cases specific, knowledge regarding the subject. The module will provide judges and prosecutors with relevant information on the latest developments of the EU environmental law acquis, relevant jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the EU and an in-depth analysis of the topic with a special focus on Air Quality and Noise Legislation. This training module will also assist national judges as well as national prosecutors to apply, in detail, the relevant EU instruments. The training module will gather materials in order to conceive a two and a half day workshop with the goal to develop and raise understanding on the key legal aspects of international and the EU law on air quality and noise legislation. The key topics to be covered are:

Impacts of air and noise pollution on human health: a scientific and technical

introduction

Air Quality Directive (AQD)

Environmental Noise Directive (END)

Common understanding of the two directives

After this training on air quality and noise legislation, participants will have greater knowledge of international and EU actors and instruments presented. They will have gained a better understanding of the legal aspects related to air and noise pollution and implementing EU instruments and they will be in a better position to actively apply EU rules transposed into their respective national legislation. They will also have an excellent opportunity to exchange views regarding implementation practices in their respective Member States.

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2. Structure The workshop implementing the training module is designed to last two-and-a-half days. The training module consists of 13 interrelated but self-standing units. These units can be combined into an implementing workshop depending on the prior knowledge of participants, the time available and the specific training approach.

Setting the scene • Unit 1: Impacts of air and noise pollution on human health: a scientific and

technical introduction Air Quality Directive (AQD)

• Unit 2: General overview of the Air Quality Directive • Unit 3: Air Quality Directive – main objectives, key features and links with other

relevant EU legislation • Unit 4: Case study on the air quality directive • Unit 5: Adoption of an air quality plan according to Article 23 AQD • Unit 6: Case study on Article 23 AQD

Environmental Noise Directive (END) • Unit 7: General overview of the Environmental Noise Directive • Unit 8: Implementation of END in Member States • Unit 9: Case study on the Environmental Noise Directive

Common Understanding of the Two Directives • Unit 10: Principles of EU environmental law as underlying principles of the AQD

and END • Unit 11: What is the role for a judge implementing the AQD and END? • Unit 12: Case study on access to justice for citizens and NGOs with the AQD and

the END • Unit 13: Closing session – evaluation of the workshop

The varying training methods that can be used in future workshops based on this material will also be presented in the module, together with recommendations on how and in which part of the training they may be best employed. Face-to-face presentations can be combined with practical exercises requiring the active contribution of participants, IT-supported learning, allowing participants to familiarise themselves with available tools and interactive sessions promoting the exchange of good practice and experience.

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II. Methodology

1. Time frame The workshop is designed to last approximately 2.5 days. The exact structure and length will, of course, be decided by the training providers.

Elements that should be taken into account in each instance when finalising the workshop programme and deciding on the allocation of time between the different sub-sessions include the need to effectively cover all the main features of the subject matter and provide sufficient time for participants to ask questions and interact with the trainers and with each other. The fact that long sessions have proven to be less effective in adult training should be borne in mind. Frequent breaks or changes in teaching style should therefore be introduced in the workshop.

An indicative time allocation for each unit will be provided in Part IV of this trainer’s manual.

2. Trainer’s profile Crucial for the success of the training workshop is the selection of trainers. It has been proven that trainers with a common professional background to that of the participants tend to have a better understanding of their training needs and be more effective when addressing them. For this reason, the composition of the target group is a factor to be considered when selecting the trainers for implementing the workshop. It is also important to identify the right trainer for each unit. In the units where the emphasis is on practical issues, the involvement of a practitioner, a lawyer or a judge with personal experience in the issue would be ideal. If the focus of a presentation is the transmission of information or the introduction to concepts or a broader area of law, an academic or a suitable policy officer even with a scientific background could also constitute a good option.

More concrete input on the trainer’s profile seemingly best fitting to each unit will be provided in Part IV of this trainer’s manual.

In addition to professional qualifications, the quality of an implementing workshop will also depend on the individual trainer’s didactic competences and pedagogical skills. Trainers should not only be knowledgeable, but also able to effectively transmit information, assist end users in developing new skills and motivate them to actively follow the training. They would have to provide the necessary information in a clear and structured manner, highlight the links between participants’ daily work and the issues being discussed, retain some flexibility in order to adapt to the specific needs and

7 interests of the end users attending the workshop as they become apparent, and be open and encouraging in discussing and exchanging views with them in the course of the session. Other skills that potential trainers should ideally possess and which should be considered are the trainer’s linguistic skills when workshops are international, and their familiarity with IT products, as the use of technology would be required in at least some parts of the training (IT-training sessions, use of PowerPoint or other audio-visual material, the e-learning course, etc.). For the successful implementation of the workshop and in order to better address participants’ training needs, some diversity among the trainers should be sought. Variety between speakers’ professional backgrounds, gender and, in the context of cross-border training, nationality would enrich the event, offering different perspectives on the issues, employing different teaching methods and ensuring a more comprehensive analysis of air quality and noise legislation. Finally, although not always easy to assess, the potential trainer’s personal motivation could be a factor worth considering. For the implementation of a workshop on the basis of the training module, significant flexibility and commitment, as well as the willingness to interact with end users is expected from the trainers. Engaging experts, who have an interest in the project and are prepared to make the necessary effort for a successful outcome, would bring an added value to the workshop, while further motivating the participants.

Criteria for selecting the workshop trainers:

Good knowledge and expertise in the subject and objectives of each sub-session Didactic competences and pedagogical skills Linguistic and IT skills Professional background similar to that of the workshop’s participants Diversity in the group of trainers Motivation

3. Teaching methods

Frontal (face-to-face) presentation

The optimal method for the provision of a large amount of information in a limited period of time is face-to-face presentations, conducted in plenary. This method provides the trainer with the necessary time and flexibility to structure and present the content of the sub-session as s/he sees fit.

Supporting material such as outlines and PowerPoint or other presentation tools should be employed during the lecture. This would not only enable participants to follow the

8 presentation better, but constitute a reference document for the future as well, should end users wish to review the main issues of the sub-session.

One of the objectives of the workshop is to familiarise participants with existing legislation. In this context, reference to the material included in the users pack should be made throughout the lecture and participants should be encouraged to go through the legal texts, identify the provisions and acquire a better understanding of their structure and applicability.

Enriching the lecture with practical examples could also be a means of emphasising the link between theory and practice and better illustrating the application of various legal instruments. Brief exercises or questions could also be formulated by the trainers, requiring participants to reflect and discuss them before presenting the answer. Trainers would thus not only create an atmosphere of dialogue within the group, but also assess whether the concepts have been properly explained.

Time for discussion or Q&A sessions should in all cases be ensured for end users wishing to ask for clarification or further information. Depending on the content and structure of each lecture, questions may be raised during the presentation or in a subsequent discussion session moderated by the trainer or the workshop leader.

Although the key role in face-to-face presentations is played by the trainer, end users should also be encouraged to actively contribute to different sub-sessions. Participants learn not only from the provision of the training per se, but also from hearing questions and problems they have not yet found themselves confronted with. For this reason it is important that all end users attending the workshop are encouraged and feel comfortable enough to share thoughts and ideas and contribute their own experiences. This element is of particular importance in international workshops, where participants have the possibility to expand their knowledge with information on the application of EU environmental law in other Member States, learning from each other.

Workshop case studies

In addition to information on the air quality and noise legislation framework, the training also aims at providing participants with some practical experience in the particularities of the cases on the subject.

In order to further highlight issues requiring special attention and allow participants to develop specific skills, it is important to ensure their involvement in this part of the training. For this reason, specially designed workshop case studies will complement each thematic unit. Another advantage of this method is that the preparation of a case study constitutes an interactive way of learning. After having listened to face-to-face presentations or read background material, participants would appreciate a change of presentation technique.

Case studies prepared in working groups

9 During the workshop exercises, participants will be given the opportunity to use their skills and knowledge to solve case studies related to air quality and noise legislation. A short introduction on the organisational aspects of the task shall be provided to participants by the trainer with the questions and answers session to be followed during the plenary session: which issues shall be discussed in the groups, what results shall be aimed for and which deliverables shall be presented during the plenary session to be followed after the discussions. Participants should subsequently be divided into smaller working groups and working space provided for each of them. Working in smaller groups has significant advantages for participants: the possibility to focus on case studies will enable them to deepen their recently acquired knowledge by applying it to concrete cases. This approximates a real-life scenario and can constitute valuable experience for the future. The working group format would allow each participant to be actively involved in the debate and improve their communication skills. As one of the key objectives of the exercise is the exchange of opinions between end users, it is important that the workshop leader allocates participants to the working groups to support this interaction: in international implementing workshops and as long as participants working languages allow it, end users from different Member States or from jurisdictions with different legal traditions should be brought together in the working groups. If a workshop is organised as a national judicial training, judges from different courts could be asked to work together. Further to solving the case, this diversity would allow participants to obtain better insights into how the questions would be dealt with and how the EU legislation involved is applied in another country, by a different legal profession, in a different city or court.

As four case studies are recommended for the workshops implementing this training module, altering the composition of the working groups in each exercise would be a way to further increase participants interactivity.

The trainer shall set exact timing for each part of the task during the introductory part of the case study. Depending on the time available, the trainer coordinating each exercise will have to decide whether all working groups should deal with all case studies or if specific case studies should be allocated to different groups in order to ensure that end users are able to thoroughly examine all issues. Once the working groups have been set up, they should organise themselves, develop a working method and identify which member(s) of the group will be responsible for reporting the conclusions of their discussion to the other end users. The trainer leading the exercise should be present, following the interaction in each group to a certain extent, offering advice on time management, being available to provide clarification and answering questions and being prepared to assist participants if they face major

10 difficulties or their discussion becomes derailed. If trainers of other subjects of the workshop are present, they may also get involved into discussions of the chosen smaller group for monitoring/ coaching the discussion and helping out on the subject matter. When the groups have completed their work, all participants should come together again to discuss their conclusions. This will allow them to compare their solutions to the features of the case studies, get further ideas from their colleagues in the other groups and broaden their understanding of the subject matter. To achieve the objectives of this closing discussion, it is important to ensure that all groups take the floor and present the results of their work. It would be most effective to discuss one case at a time, invite the rapporteur of one of the groups to present their conclusions and the main elements of their discussion and then ask the end users of the other groups for additional comments, different opinions etc. In conclusion, the trainer should summarise the main points raised in the discussion and give his own feedback, so that participants can confirm whether they successfully dealt with the case or whether there could be further improvement. IT-supported learning

IT-supported learning can enhance the efficiency of training and give end users the opportunity to gain practical experience by making use of the possibilities the internet offers on issues related to environmental law generally. In this way, end users will have the opportunity of becoming familiar with the various EU websites in the area (such as the E-Justice Portal, the EJTN website, Eur-Lex, the Curia website, ECLI etc.), where they can acquire further information and advice on how to apply EU instruments covered by the workshop. By efficiently using these websites, participants will actively learn how to find the relevant legal texts and cases and receive assistance on the practical problems they may face when applying EU law in this area.

4. Documents

The documents to be made available at the training workshop consist of the contents of the user’s pack. The user’s pack will, in particular, include:

blended e-learning material; workshop reader; background documentation set; workshop programme; list of participants; list of trainers/ speakers; CVs of the trainers; evaluation form.

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III. User’s pack: the function of different elements of the training module

1. Introduction The term ‘user’s pack’ means the entire wealth of material that will be made available to participants of an implemented workshop. This will consist mostly of the blended e-learning material, training material (related legal documents, links to online sources on a USB stick, trainers contributions and case studies) as well as supporting documents, such as the workshop programme, the list of participants, workshop evaluation forms etc. It is, of course, at the discretion of the workshop organisers and trainers to use the materials provided in the manner they deem most fitting and to also include additional documents where necessary. All key EU legal instruments required for the provision of the training on ‘Air Quality and Noise Legislation’ are already part of the user’s pack, but as implementing workshops may be structured with a specific focus, further material could be of use. The materials for inclusion in the user’s pack can and should be provided mainly in electronic format, either using a USB stick or by making the content available online and granting all workshop participants access to it. Material that needs to be regularly referred to during the workshop or that would make it easier to follow proceedings should be provided in a hardcopy for ease of reference during the event: workshop programme; list of participants; trainers contributions; texts of the legal acts to be analysed; case studies; evaluation forms.

When presenting the material that should accompany each unit, distinction should be made between ‘necessary material’ to be provided in a hardcopy and ‘additional material’ that should be included in the electronic documentation.

2. Blended e-learning The training module has been structured to include ‘blended learning’ as a methodological approach, given that it combines the interactivity of a face-to-face training during the implementing workshops with the flexibility provided by e-learning material. As the e-learning material has different functions and can be used by the workshop participants at several stages of their learning process, it is important that they have access to it on different occasions: before the implementation of the workshop, in order to prepare for the meeting, while it takes place, in order to make

12 best use of the available material with the help of the trainers, and after the workshop, as a point of reference for finding information on air quality and noise legislation. The key function of this e-learning material is to introduce end users to a number of legal instruments with regard to various aspects of air quality and environmental noise directives. It will include: The main international and EU legal instruments as well as case law that will be

analysed during the workshop which participants should go through before they attend the course, as well as the corresponding quiz to test their knowledge. The aim is not to replace the face-to-face sessions on these subjects but to complement them by ensuring that all participants have a common basic level of knowledge before they start and can make the most of the discussion to clarify issues in the face-to-face workshops.

Access to the bibliography of legal instruments and other relevant source material which participants can refer to at any time.

Access to the remainder of the e-learning version of the training module to be provided after the face-to-face workshop for participants to use as a refresher and to re-use with their colleagues alongside the face-to-face training materials.

Once the group of participants has been selected, they should receive information on how to access the e-learning materials and be encouraged to go through its contents 7-10 days before the implementation of the workshop. In this way, they will have the possibility to refresh or acquire some basic knowledge and be better prepared for the workshop programme.

3. Background documentation

Legal texts will make up the large majority of the content of the training materials: international conventions, treaty articles, regulations, directives, case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union etc. will constitute the background to analysis in the workshop. A comprehensive collection of all background documents, which can be referred to after the conclusion of the workshop, should be included in the electronic documentation. Participants are likely to come back to these texts in order to refresh their memory, find a specific provision or judgment, and seek guidance or inspiration if confronted with a case on the subject at a later stage. This format could also support an easy further dissemination of this material, which workshop participants could forward to their colleagues if requested. Further to legal texts, links to online databases, tools and sources, such as the E-justice portal, Eur-Lex, Curia, ECLI and other similar websites should as also be included as background material in the electronic documentation.

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Proposals on which specific material to include in this part of the user’s pack are included in Part (d) on the analysis of each sub-session of the workshop.

The material should be provided in the language of the workshop. When international workshops are organised, links to EU databases (such as http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ or http://curia.europa.eu/) could be included, so that end users can access EU legal texts in the language of their choice. Further to their inclusion in the electronic documentation, providing the few documents in a hardcopy that are absolutely essential during the workshop is recommended. Being able to quickly find a provision, see the structure of a legal instrument, make notes etc. could help end users to better follow the training and further familiarise themselves with the legal instruments being discussed.

4. Workshop exercise material Four workshop exercises are proposed for the workshops implementing the training module on ‘Air Quality and Noise Legislation’. All of them are structured on the basis of case studies. Preparatory material supporting the workshops’ case studies, such as the tasks of the different cases that are to be discussed or additional legal texts that will be needed for solving the cases must be provided for the participants in a hardcopy during the workshop.

5. Trainer’s contributions In addition to the background documents, every time an implementing workshop on ‘Air Quality and Noise Legislation’ is organised, the trainers involved should be asked to prepare their own supporting material, in the form of PowerPoint presentations, outlines, notes or full texts of their lectures. Trainers should be free to structure the material supporting their presentations as they prefer. The main objective would be to help end users attending the workshop to better follow the presentation and, for this reason, emphasis should be given, in particular, to the provision of a clear structure. Trainers may also be advised to prepare a well-judged number of slides leaving some time for questions and answers session during the presentation or if an unplanned discussion flares up. Trainers’ contributions could also be used as a reference document for identifying the main points of the subject matter. Speakers’ contributions should additionally be included in the user’s pack. They should also be included in a hardcopy in the documentation pack.

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Providing some kind of written support for the lectures is always recommended and for this reason always mentioned under ‘necessary documents’. Especially an outline of the PowerPoint presentation reflecting the structure of the sub-session allows participants to better understand the structure and follow the lecture.

6. Additional documents Further to the training material, a number of documents supporting the organisation of the workshop must be made available to participants. These would be of immediate and continuous use during the workshop and should therefore be provided in a hardcopy. The finalised workshop programme must be provided at the beginning of the training, allowing participants to plan accordingly and better understand the training flow. A list of all workshop participants should be provided, facilitating the interaction between end users attending the workshop. Moreover, by including certain contact details (professional position and postal address) participants are given the opportunity to maintain contact even after the conclusion of the workshop. Finally, in order to achieve an immediate evaluation of the workshop, a questionnaire seeking participant feedback on the workshop content, organisational features and overall effectiveness shall be distributed.

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IV. Organising and implementing workshop: structure, content and methodology

For the training module on ‘Air Quality and Noise Legislation’ and its implementing workshops, a structure on the basis of thematic units is proposed. Each thematic unit will focus on a specific topic of International and EU law in this area. Each implementing workshop will thus consist of several units, ensuring the alternation of theoretical and practical parts. The final structure will, however, have to be decided by taking into consideration end users prior knowledge and training priorities. With the addition of opening and closing units, serving both pedagogical and organisational purposes, an implementing workshop of 2.5 days could be designed as detailed below:

Setting the scene • Unit 1: Impacts of air and noise pollution on human health: a scientific and

technical introduction Air Quality Directive (AQD)

• Unit 2: General overview of the Air Quality Directive • Unit 3: Air Quality Directive – main objectives, key features and links with other

relevant EU legislation • Unit 4: Case study on the air quality directive • Unit 5: Adoption of an air quality plan according to Article 23 AQD • Unit 6: Case study on Article 23 AQD

Environmental Noise Directive (END) • Unit 7: General overview of the Environmental Noise Directive • Unit 8: Implementation of END in Member States • Unit 9: Case study on the Environmental Noise Directive

Common Understanding of the Two Directives • Unit 10: Principles of EU environmental law as underlying principles of the AQD

and END • Unit 11: What is the role for a judge implementing the AQD and END? • Unit 12: Case study on access to justice for citizens and NGOs with the AQD and

the END • Unit 13: Closing session – evaluation of the workshop

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Setting the scene

Short description of the contents

The workshop should always start by welcoming the participants and providing a brief introduction and explanation of the contents of the programme, organisation and implementation of the workshop.

General objectives

The main objective of this first session is to welcome trainers and participants to the workshop, to set the scene by reminding them of the framework of the training course and to encourage their interaction and active participation in the course.

Specific learning points

Introduction of organisers of the workshop

The welcoming session shall be used to introduce the training manager of the workshop, who is responsible for the successful implementation of the content of the programme, chairing of presentations, managing of the questions and answers sessions, arranging and implementing of the practical exercises, dealing with ad hoc issues during the whole workshop. The training manager may be assisted by a chair of the workshop, who, ideally, shall be an expert on the topic (a judge, a legal practitioner or an academic).

Introduction of participants and trainers

The opening session should also be used in order to allow participants to introduce themselves, present their national and professional background and illustrate their expectations from the workshop. In this way, end users will be familiar with addressing the group, which should facilitate their active participation in the following sessions and they will also get to know their colleagues’ background a little better. Making trainers and participants aware of which nationalities and professional groups are represented in the workshop can be of great relevance in the discussion and an asset in ensuring an effective exchange of information and experience. The possibility to discover from participants the experience which they bring with them to the training course and what they are primarily seeking to achieve by their participation could help the workshop leader to better adapt the programme to meet participants specific needs, by emphasising certain aspects, making adjustments on the time allocated in the different sub-sessions, etc.

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This may be achieved by inviting participants to ask a key question they expect to see addressed during the workshop or to indicate which element made them apply for the workshop.

Presentation of the workshop’s programme

The workshop should include, at the beginning, a presentation of its programme, scope and objectives. The focus of each unit will be indicated and the expected contribution of the participants in each part of the programme emphasised. It is important that end users realise the goal of each unit and the flow of the workshop programme in order to be better equipped to follow the discussions and make sure they do not miss the opportunity to raise questions or clarify any ambiguity.

Presentation of the training material

The opening session is also the opportunity to present the material included in the user’s pack and explain its function, so that end users may use it throughout the workshop. The content of the electronic documentation should be outlined (all related legal texts, links to online sources, suggested solutions to the case studies, etc.) and explanations provided on the documents that will have been made available to the participants in a hardcopy for reference during the workshop (e.g. trainers presentations and outlines, key legal texts, the case studies for the workshop exercises, documents such as the list of participants, the workshop assessment tools etc.).

Presentation of the workshop’s organisational aspects

Further to this, all logistical aspects of the workshop will be presented. The locations that will be used during the workshop for the different sessions, the exercises and the lunch and coffee breaks will be indicated, the possibility to use computers, Wi-Fi, a library, a business station etc. laid out and information on the organised lunches and dinners provided. It is important here to ensure that end users are reminded of and able to profit from all measures taken to facilitate their participation in the workshop, and of the importance of the joint activities in allowing a less formal interaction between trainers and fellow participants.

Methodology

While participants will be in plenary; everyone is invited to introduce themselves. The programme of the workshop will be presented by the training manager of the workshop. After welcoming participants and trainers to the workshop, they will be given the opportunity to introduce themselves and express their expectations regarding the workshop. This will improve the atmosphere of the workshop from the very beginning, which is a key element for its success. Participants are more likely to be active during the event if they know their colleagues’ backgrounds.

18 Furthermore, the outline and main objectives of the workshop will be presented. This introduction will contain information on both the programme and the logistics (e.g. which rooms will be available for the participants during the workshop, library, availability of computers and Wi-Fi, coffee breaks and meals, evening programme).

Duration

The time allocated to the opening session will depend on the number of participants attending the workshop. Taking into account that the workshop should ideally have 20 to 30 participants, the opening session should last approximately 30 minutes, in order to ensure sufficient time for all trainers and participants to present themselves and for the provision of all necessary information on the event.

Documentation

Necessary material (to be made available in hardcopy during the sub-session):

01 The final version of the workshop programme

02 The list of trainers

03 Trainers CV’s

04 List of participants

The training manager should demonstrate the entire user pack in this unit, including the electronic documentation, in order to inform participants of all the different features of the pack.

Trainer’s profile

The opening session will be held in plenary and coordinated by the training manager, the person responsible for ensuring the coherent management of the workshop. There would be an added value in assigning the role of the ‘workshop manager’ to the person responsible for the organisation of the workshop. He or she would be most suitable to present the programme's structure and main objectives, having made all related decisions and given priority to specific features of the training over others.

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Unit 1: Impacts of air and noise pollution on human health: a scientific and technical introduction

Short description of the contents and general objectives

The aim of this presentation is to introduce participants to main impacts of air and noise pollution on human beings health. During this presentation the interface between science and policy will be provided, supported by technical data and survey results available to public.


• Air pollution – successes and challenges • Air pollution – a pressing public health problem • Air quality in Europe: particulate matters (PM10 and PM2.5), high ozone (O3),

nitrogen dioxide (NO2) • Air pollution, environment and health • Noise pollution in Europe • Noise database: major roads’, railways’, airports’ and other agglomerations’

completeness • Analysis of the END Noise Action Plans • The importance of quiet areas

Methodology

As the focus of this unit lies in the provision of introductory information on the scale of the problem related to air quality and noise pollution, explaining the impacts of the latter on human health, the best option would be to organise it as a face-to-face frontal training. The scope of this unit is rather large and a great deal of information that is required for effectively comprehending the rest of the programme needs to be provided. For this reason it is essential that this unit is effectively structured. Participants must acquire the knowledge that will allow them to understand the scope of the problem. In order to achieve this, it is essential that the trainer ensures that there is sufficient time for participants to raise questions or discuss any unclear points. The statistical data, diagrams and various figures, showing the scale of the problem shall be useful for implementation of this unit.

Duration

The duration of this session should be 45-60 minutes (including lecturing time and discussion sessions with the participants).

20 Documentation

Necessary material (to be made available in a hardcopy during the sub-session):

01 PowerPoint Presentation ‘Effects of air and noise pollution on human health: a scientific and technical introduction’

02 Introduction. Thematic Briefing – Air pollution (2015), European Environmental Agency, Copenhagen

03 Introduction. Thematic Briefing – Environmental Noise (2015), European Environmental Agency, Copenhagen

Additional material (to be included in the electronic documentation – USB stick):

04 European Environment State and Outlook report (SOER 2015), European Environment Agency, Copenhagen

05 Air quality planning development guidance (2015), prepared by the Institute of Air Quality Management, UK

06 EEA (2014), Air quality in Europe - 2014 report, EEA Report No 5/2014, European Environmental Agency

07 EEA (2014), Noise in Europe 2014, EEA Report No 10/2014, European Environment Agency, Copenhagen

08 The Clean Air Handbook. A practical guide to EU air quality law (2014, Client Earth)

09 Air Pollution country fact sheets (2014), prepared by the European Environmental Agency

10 Exceedance of air quality limit values in urban areas (November 2014), report by the European Environmental Agency

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DECISION No 1386/2013/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 November 2013 on a General Union Environment Action Programme to 2020 ‘Living well, within the limits of our planet’ (7th Environment Action Programme)

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European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on a Clean Air Programme for Europe COM (2013) 918 final, 18 December 2013

13 Zones in Relation to EU Air Quality Thresholds (2012) (with special regard to the

http://www.eea.europa.eu/soer-2015/europe/air


http://www.eea.europa.eu/soer


http://www.iaqm.co.uk/text/guidance/air-quality-planning-guidance.pdf


http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2014


http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014


http://www.clientearth.org/reports/20140515-clientearth-air-pollution-clean-air-handbook.pdf


http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/air-pollution-country-fact-sheets-2014


http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/exceedance-of-air-quality-limit-3/assessment


http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32013D1386&from=EN



http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2013:0918:FIN:EN:PDF




http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/zones-in-relation-to-eu-air-quality-thresholds-6

21

maps with the reported exceedances of air quality limit values)

Environmental Noise

14 Introduction. Thematic Briefing – Environmental Noise (2015), European Environmental Agency, Copenhagen

Trainer’s profile

The trainer/facilitator in this session should be, where possible, an expert from DG Environment, European Commission, an academic with practical experience or a technical expert, working in enforcement authorities and directly dealing with air and noise pollution issues.

22

Unit 2: General overview of the Air Quality Directive


During this presentation a general introduction on Air Quality Directive shall be presented. The presentation shall start with the introduction to Air Quality Directive, its key elements and objectives. The aim is to explain participants the frame of the whole Directive, its constituent parts and key parts before focusing on some of the main Articles.


• Ambient Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC: - History of the Air Quality Directive (Framework directive, “Four Daughters”,

Exchange of Information Directive etc); - Key elements; - EU legal framework on air quality.

• Basics of Directive 2008/50/EC: - various limit and target values (Annex XI); - the zones and agglomerations and the responsible authorities, where values

need to be respected (Articles 3 + 4); - breach of limit values (Article 13 + Annex XI); - specific provisions on target values (Article 17); - information and alert thresholds (Article 19); - specific provisions on natural sources and winter sanding (Articles 20 + 21); - transboundary air pollution (Article 25); - air quality plan if limit (or target value) is exceeded (Article 23); - information to public (Article 26); - reporting to the Commission (Article 27).

• Limit Values • Critical Levels • Target Values • Alert and information thresholds (Article 19, Article 24, Annex XII) • Information and alert thresholds • Margins of tolerance • Monitoring of air quality

Methodology

This unit should be conducted as a face-to-face frontal presentation in plenary. The order in which the different points of the unit are presented should be defined by the trainer. The subsequent discussion should be moderated either by the trainer or the chair of the event.

23 Time frame

The time allocated to this unit will be approximately 45-60 minutes and should include some time for discussion with the participants.

Documentation


01 PowerPoint Presentation ‘General overview of the Air Quality Directive’

02 DIRECTIVE 2008/50/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe


EU Documents

03

DIRECTIVE 2011/92/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 13 December 2011 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (codification) (Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Directive)

04

DIRECTIVE 2014/52/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 April 2014 amending Directive 2011/92/EU on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (amending Environmental Impact Assessment Directive)

05 Informal consolidated version of the EIA Directive

06

European Commission, Report from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the application and effectiveness of the EIA Directive (Directive 85/337/EEC, as amended by Directives 97/11/EC and 2003/35/EC) COM (2009) 378 final

07 DIRECTIVE 2010/75/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) (Recast)

08

COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 9 October 2014 establishing best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions, for the refining of mineral oil and gas

09

COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 26 March 2013 establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions for the production of cement, lime and magnesium oxide

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32008L0050&from=en


http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32011L0092&from=EN






http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eia/pdf/EIA_Directive_informal.pdf

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52009DC0378&from=EN












http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2013:100:0001:0045:en:PDF




24

10

COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 28 February 2012 establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions for the manufacture of glass


12 DIRECTIVE 2004/107/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 15 December 2004 relating to arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air (Fourth Daughter Directive)

13 DIRECTIVE 2001/42/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 27 June 2001 on the assessment of the effects of certain plans and programmes on the environment (Strategic Environmental Assessment)

Air Quality Legislation (additional documents)

14

REGULATION (EC) No 595/2009 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 18 June 2009 on type-approval of motor vehicles and engines with respect to emissions from heavy duty vehicles (Euro VI) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information and amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 and Directive 2007/46/EC and repealing Directives 80/1269/EEC, 2005/55/EC and 2005/78/EC

15 DIRECTIVE 2009/33/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of clean and energy-efficient road transport vehicles

16

COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 692/2008 of 18 July 2008 implementing and amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council on type-approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information

17

REGULATION (EC) No 715/2007 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 June 2007 on type approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information

18 DIRECTIVE 2001/81/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 October 2001 on national emission ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants

19 DIRECTIVE 2000/60/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:L:2012:070:FULL&from=EN












http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:188:0001:0013:EN:PDF









http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32008R0692&from=en












http://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:5c835afb-2ec6-4577-bdf8-756d3d694eeb.0004.02/DOC_1&format=PDF



25

20 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 1999/13/EC of 11 March 1999 on the limitation of emissions of volatile organic compounds due to the use of organic solvents in certain activities and installations

21 COUNCIL DECISION 97/101/EC of 27 January 1997 establishing a reciprocal exchange of information and data from networks and individual stations measuring ambient air pollution within the Member States (EoI Decision)

22

DIRECTIVE 97/68/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 December 1997 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile machinery (consolidated text)

23 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 96/62/EC of 27 September 1996 on ambient air quality assessment and management (Air Quality Framework Directive) (repealed as from 11 June 2010)

24 DIRECTIVE 2002/3/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 12 February 2002 relating to ozone in ambient air (Third Daughter Directive) (repealed as from 11 June 2010)

25

DIRECTIVE 2000/69/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 November 2000 relating to limit values for benzene and carbon monoxide in ambient air (Second Daughter Directive) (repealed as from 11 June 2010)

26

COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 1999/30/EC of 22 April 1999 relating to limit values for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter and lead in ambient air (First Daughter Directive) (repealed as from 11 June 2010)

27 Council Directive 85/203/EEC of 7 March 1985 on air quality standards for nitrogen dioxide

28 Council Directive 82/884/EEC of 3 December 1982 on a limit value for lead in the air

EU and Member States’ Case Law

29 Case C-137/14, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 15 October 2015, European Commission v Federal Republic of Germany

30 Case E-7/15, Judgement of the EFTA Court delivered in open court on 2 October 2015, EFTA Surveillance Authority v The Kingdom of Norway

31 Case N° 369428, Judgement of the Council of State (Conseil d’État) of France, 6th / 1st United Subsection (Sous-Sections réunies (SSR)) of 10 June 2015







http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:1997L0068:20130110:EN:PDF















http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31985L0203:EN:HTML




http://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf;jsessionid=9ea7d2dc30ddc7cb2b29b05a41cc9c049aa9e4db3369.e34KaxiLc3qMb40Rch0SaxuRbN90?text=&docid=169823&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=445830


http://www.eftacourt.int/fileadmin/user_upload/Files/Cases/2015/07_15/7_15_Judgment.pdf


http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichJuriAdmin.do?oldAction=rechJuriAdmin&idTexte=CETATEXT000030713391&fastReqId=1622808532&fastPos=1


26

(available only in French)

32 C-404/13, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 19 November 2014, The Queen, on the application of ClientEarth v Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.

33 [related to C-404/13] Judgement of the UK Supreme Court of 16 April 2015 in Case [2012] EWCA Civ 897 ClientEarth v Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

34 Judgement of the Supreme Federal Administrative Court of Germany (Bundesverwaltungsgericht) of 5 September 2013 in Case [2013] C 21.12, “Darmstadt/Germany” case (available only in German)

35 C-420/11, Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 14 March 2013, Jutta Leth v Republik Österreich and Land Niederösterreich

36 C-68/11, Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 19 December 2012, European Commission v Italian Republic

37 C-34/11, Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 15 November 2012. European Commission v Portuguese Republic

38

C-120/10, Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 8 September 2011, European Air Transport SA v Collège d'Environnement de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale and Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Reference for a preliminary ruling: Conseil d'État - Belgium

39 C-240/09, Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 8 March 2011, Lesoochranárske zoskupenie VLK v Ministerstvo životného prostredia Slovenskej republiky

40

Joined cases C-165/09 to C-167/09, Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 26 May 2011, Stichting Natuur en Milieu and Others v College van Gedeputeerde Staten van Groningen (C-165/09) and College van Gedeputeerde Staten van Zuid-Holland (C-166/09 and C-167/09)

41 C-115/09, Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 12 May 2011, Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland, Landesverband Nordrhein-Westfalen eV v Bezirksregierung Arnsberg

42 C-28/09, Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 21 December 2011, European Commission v Republic of Austria

43 C-263/08, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 15 October 2009, Djurgården-Lilla Värtans Miljöskyddsförening v Stockholms kommun genom dess marknämnd

http://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?pro=&nat=or&oqp=&dates=&lg=&language=en&jur=C%2CT%2CF&cit=none%252CC%252CCJ%252CR%252C2008E%252C%252C%252C%252C%252C%252C%252C%252C%252C%252Ctrue%252Cfalse%252Cfalse&num=C-404%252F13&td=%3BALL&pcs=Oor&avg=&page=1&mat=or&jge=&for=&cid=694385



https://www.supremecourt.uk/decided-cases/docs/UKSC_2012_0179_Judgment.pdf



http://www.bverwg.de/entscheidungen/pdf/050913U7C21.12.0.pdf


http://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=135025&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=132208




http://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf;jsessionid=9ea7d0f130d5248d9b07a0904ecc9d0fe28b1cc632e4.e34KaxiLc3eQc40LaxqMbN4ObNiKe0?text=&docid=129841&pageIndex=0&doclang=en&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=107479
















http://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=117181&pageIndex=0&doclang=en&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=180256





27

44 C-237/07, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 25 July 2008, Dieter Janecek v Freistaat Bayern.

45 C-138/06, Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 14 December 2006, Commission of the European Communities v United Kingdom

46 C-78/06, Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 7 December 2006 – Commission v Luxembourg (French)

47 C-320/03, Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 15 November 2005, Commission of the European Communities v Republic of Austria

48 C-387/97, Judgment of the Court of 4 July 2000, Commission of the European Communities v Hellenic Republic

49 C-361/88, Judgment of the Court of 30 May 1991, Commission of the European Communities v Federal Republic of Germany

50 C- 6/64, Judgment of the Court of 15 July 1964. Flaminio Costa v E.N.E.L.

51 C-25/62, Judgment of the Court of 15 July 1963, Plaumann & Co. v Commission of the European Economic Community

Useful documents: policy documents, reports, fact sheets

52


53


54 Zones in Relation to EU Air Quality Thresholds (2012) (with special regard to the maps with the reported exceedances of air quality limit values)

55

European Commission, Report from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on the experience gained in the application of Directive 2003/4/EC on public access to environmental information COM (2012) 774 final, 17 December 2012

56 European Commission, Improving the delivery of benefits from EU environment measures: building confidence through better knowledge and responsiveness COM (2012) 95 final, 7 March 2012

57 European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the Council

http://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?language=en&num=C-237/07


http://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf;jsessionid=9ea7d2dc30ddb2eeb589efc9489e8aaaa2a6ec225e79.e34KaxiLc3qMb40Rch0SaxuRa3v0?text=&docid=66538&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=395650


http://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=66358&pageIndex=0&doclang=FR&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=109391


http://curia.europa.eu/juris/showPdf.jsf?text=&docid=56110&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=179546




http://curia.europa.eu/juris/showPdf.jsf;jsessionid=9ea7d0f130d528c6423b8ab74860a5dab42eb27b6a40.e34KaxiLc3eQc40LaxqMbN4ObNmPe0?text=&docid=96325&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=888621













http://ec.europa.eu/environment/aarhus/pdf/COM_2012_774_en.pdf




http://ec.europa.eu/environment/legal/law/com_improving.htm




28

and the European Parliament on Thematic Strategy on air pollution COM (2005) 446 final, 21 September 2005

58 European Commission, Communication from the Commission on the Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) Programme: Towards a Thematic Strategy for Air Quality COM (2001) 245 final, 04 May 2001

Trainer’s profile

The trainer/facilitator in this session should be, where possible, an expert from DG Environment, European Commission, an academic with practical experience or a technical expert, directly dealing with air quality legislation.






29

Unit 3: Air Quality Directive – main objectives, key features and links with other relevant EU legislation


The aim of this presentation is to introduce the participants to Directive 2008/50/EC on Ambient Air Quality. During this presentation the genesis and the historical development of this legislation, its principal functioning, some basic considerations on the monitoring of air quality and in particular the different types of limit and target values as well as the effects of the legislation on the authorisation of projects will be addressed.


• Genesis and historical development • Ambient Air Quality Legislation • Monitoring • Limit Values • Target Values • Air Quality Plans • Rights of Individuals and NGOs • Ambient Air Quality Standards as environmental standards under Article 18 of

Directive 2010/75/EC • Ambient Air Quality Standards and Directive 2011/92/EC on Environmental

Impact Assessment

Methodology

As the focus of this unit lies in the provision of information and a number of different provisions of EU environmental law, in particular of Ambient Air Quality Legislation, the session will be organised as a face-to-face frontal training. The scope of this unit is rather large and a great deal of information that is useful for effectively participating in the rest of the programme needs to be provided. For this reason it is essential that this unit is effectively structured. Participants must acquire the knowledge and skills that will allow them to have an overview for the rest of the workshop’s sessions on Ambient Air Quality. There will be sufficient time for participants to raise questions or discuss any unclear points.

30 Time frame

The time allocated to this unit will be approximately 45-60 minutes and should include some time for discussion with the participants.

Documentation


01 PowerPoint Presentation ‘Air Quality Directive - main objectives, key features and links with other relevant EU legislation’



EU Documents

03


04



06



08


09



























31

10






14



16


17

REGULATION (EC) No 715/2007 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 June 2007 on type approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information







































32



22




25


26



28 Council Directive 82/884/EEC of 3 December 1982 on a limit value for lead in the air




31 Case N° 369428, Judgement of the Council of State (Conseil d’État) of France, 6th / 1st United Subsection (Sous-Sections réunies (SSR)) of 10 June 2015
































33

(available only in French)







38



40






































34










52


53



55



57 European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the Council
































35

and the European Parliament on Thematic Strategy on air pollution COM (2005) 446 final, 21 September 2005


Trainer’s profile

The trainer, implementing this unit, shall be an expert (a judge, an academic or an in-house practitioner) with regard to the Ambient Air Quality Legislation and its implementation and enforcement in the European Union.






36

Unit 4: Case Study on the Air Quality Directive

Short description of contents and general objectives

During this unit, a case study on the ambient air quality legislation raising various questions on issuance of a permit to a new industrial installation, having significant impacts on air quality, should be presented. The participants are introduced into two possible actions against the environmental authority of the local city – first, applying for an annulment of the permit; and, the second, asking for an order obliging the authority to adopt the modifications to the air quality plan that are necessary because of the new installation. Participants are asked to prepare a preliminary assessment of the two actions and draft possible questions that could be submitted to the Court of Justice. In this context, they should form an opinion whether a reference to the Court of Justice is necessary. Participants will be able to deepen their knowledge regarding the implementation of the ambient air quality legislation and the implementing EU legislation in a practical manner and also to further their grasp of the knowledge gained with regard to the challenges faced by Member States. This case study should also enable judges and prosecutors to facilitate discussion on how they would solve the problems presented and share their practice in different jurisdictions they represent.


• Order of issuance of permits to new industrial installations • Application of BAT standards • Initiation of an order obliging the environmental authority to adopt the

modifications to the air quality plan • Drafting a preliminary question to be submitted to the CJEU

Methodology

The case-study will be distributed to the participants in the user’s pack at the beginning of the workshop. Then the trainer will explain the factual background of the case and the questions to be discussed on. After the short introduction, participants will be divided into working groups of 6-8 persons. The groups should appoint a moderator and a rapporteur. The groups will discuss the cases on the basis of the applicable material presented and discussed during the presentation. After the group discussion, participants will reconvene in a plenary session. Each group will have a rapporteur to explain the results of their discussion. The trainer will comment on their findings during the debriefing of the case studies. The trainer will

37 also invite comments from other groups or individuals and seek to stimulate a debate where differences of opinion, approach or interpretation are apparent.

Time frame

The introduction to the case studies should take 15 minutes; afterwards participants will divide into groups. The discussion on the cases should take 45 minutes, the following discussion in the plenary including the debriefing should take another 30 minutes. The time allocated to this sub-session should be approximately 90 minutes and should include some time for discussion.

Documentation


01 Task description of the case study

02 PowerPoint Presentation ‘Air Quality Directive - main objectives, key features and links with other relevant EU legislation’


Trainer’s profile

The trainer presenting the case study on Air Quality Directive should be an expert in implementation of the AQD provisions as well as related EU legislation. Ideally, the expert shall have an in-house experience on enforcement of the rules and requirements of the above defined legislation. The trainer should be available during the group discussion to assist participants if they need him/her for further clarifications of the task. At the debriefing the trainer should be available for an interactive discussion with all the participants and able to lead the discussion and summarise the achieved results.



38

Unit 5: Adoption of an air quality plan according to Article 23 of the Air Quality Directive

Short description of content and general objectives

The general objective of this presentation is to introduce participants on the adoption of air quality plans as one of the most important implementation tools of the Air Quality Directive. The role of air quality plans within the implementation structure of the Directive is assessed, detailed information is presented about its mandatory content (with examples taken from EU Member States’ practices). The participation of the public in the adoption of air quality plans and the relevant case-law is analysed.


• Genesis and historical development • Non-compliance with limit values and the resulting practical problems • Role of air quality plans putting limit values and target values into practice • Minimum criteria for an air quality plan • Commission guidance on air quality plans • Links to reporting on air quality • Common problems • Public participation top-down approach rather than bottom-up • Access to justice • Analysis of the relevant case-law

Methodology

The topic of this unit is quite specific, it is however strongly linked to other units of the workshop and therefore some overlaps may occur. This unit should be conducted as a face-to-face frontal presentation in plenary. The order in which the different points of the unit are presented should be defined by the trainer. The subsequent discussion should be moderated either by the trainer or the chair of the event.

Time frame

The time allocated to this unit will be approximately 60 minutes and should include some time for discussion with the participants.

39 Documentation


01 PowerPoint Presentation ‘Adoption of an air quality plan according to Article 23 of the Air Quality Directive’


03 CONVENTION ON ACCESS TO INFORMATION, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN DECISION-MAKING AND ACCESS TO JUSTICE IN ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS done at Aarhus, Denmark, on 25 June 1998

04 DIRECTIVE 2003/4/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 28 January 2003 on public access to environmental information and repealing Council Directive 90/313/EEC

05

DIRECTIVE 2003/35/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 26 May 2003 providing for public participation in respect of the drawing up of certain plans and programmes relating to the environment and amending with regard to public participation and access to justice Council Directives 85/337/EEC and 96/61/EC


EU Documents

06


07



09


10 DIRECTIVE 2010/75/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention



http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/pp/documents/cep43e.pdf






http://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:4a80a6c9-cdb3-4e27-a721-d5df1a0535bc.0004.02/DOC_1&format=PDF



















40

and control) (Recast)

11


12


13






17



19


20 REGULATION (EC) No 715/2007 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 June 2007 on type approval of motor vehicles with respect to






































41

emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information





25




28


29



31 Council Directive 82/884/EEC of 3 December 1982 on a limit value for lead in

































42

the air




34 Case N° 369428, Judgement of the Council of State (Conseil d’État) of France, 6th / 1st United Subsection (Sous-Sections réunies (SSR)) of 10 June 2015 (available only in French)







41



43


































43













55


56


































44

58



60 European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on Thematic Strategy on air pollution COM (2005) 446 final, 21 September 2005


Trainer’s profile

The trainer/facilitator in this session should be, where possible, an expert from DG Environment, European Commission, an academic with practical experience of the application and implementation of Ambient Air Quality Legislation or an official from a relevant national authority who is familiar with the implementation of it.














45

Unit 6: Case study on Article 23 of the Air Quality Directive


The aim of the case-study is to consolidate the knowledge and skills received during the theoretical presentation and to lead through the different phases and difficulties in deciding on the necessity of the preparation of an air quality plan and on the admissibility of a claim brought to a court by a member of the general public. During the case studies activities, the participants from the national judiciaries should increase their knowledge on the different steps of the procedure of enforcement of AQD. They should be provided with guidance with regard to the legal basis of each requirement and the problems that can arise during each step of the way.


• Are the authorities obliged to adopt an air quality plan in air quality assessment zones? What are the conditions and elements to be assessed for deciding on the necessity of the adoption of a plan?

• Which authority will be obliged to prepare an air quality plan in various Member

States?

Methodology

The two case-studies will be distributed to the participants in the user’s pack at the beginning of the workshop. Then the trainer will explain the factual background of the case and the questions to be discussed on. After the short introduction, participants will be divided into working groups of 6-8 persons, ensuring a good mixture of representatives from different EU Member States. The groups should appoint a moderator and a rapporteur. The groups will discuss the case on the basis of the applicable material presented and discussed during the presentation. The trainer will participate in the discussions of all sub-groups to raise participants’ attention to certain key points and (if necessary) to stimulate the discussion. At the end of the case study, the groups will present their findings via their speakers and the trainer will make the wrap-up. After the group discussion, participants will reconvene in a plenary session. Each group will have a rapporteur to explain the results of their discussions. The trainer will comment on their findings during the debriefing of the case studies. The trainer will also invite comments from other groups or individuals and seek to stimulate a debate where differences of opinion, approach or interpretation are apparent.

46 Time frame

The introduction to the case studies should take 15 minutes; afterwards participants will divide into groups. The discussion on the cases should take 45 minutes, the following discussion in the plenary including the debriefing should take another 30 minutes. The time allocated to this sub-session should be approximately 90 minutes and should include some time for discussion.

Documentation


01 PowerPoint Presentation ‘Adoption of an air quality plan according to Article 23 of the Air Quality Directive’

02 Task description of the case-study




06


Trainer’s profile

The trainer/facilitator in this session should be, where possible, an expert from DG Environment, European Commission, an academic with practical experience of the application and implementation of Ambient Air Quality Legislation or an official from a relevant national authority who is familiar with the implementation of it.














47

Unit 7: General overview of the Environmental Noise Directive


The aim of the presentation is to give the participants an overview of the Environmental Noise Directive (END). The focus of this unit is to disseminate information on the basic objectives and system of implementation of the END and its links to other relevant legislation directed at tackling harmful noise. The scope is rather large. The system of noise mapping and action plans as well as public participation linked to them is addressed. Also links of the END to other legislation affecting environmental noise will be analysed, given that no relevant ECJ case-law exists.


- Aims of the Environmental Noise Directive (END) - Field of application - Progressive system of implementation - Noise indicators and missing limit values - Noise mapping, information and action plans - ENDs links to a regulation concerning noise levels of products - ENDs links to the Industrial Emissions Directive - ENDs links to the land use planning

Methodology

This unit should be conducted as a face-to-face frontal presentation in plenary session, where main features of the Directive and other relevant pieces of legislation are clarified. The order in which the different points of the unit are presented should be defined by the trainer (-s). The subsequent discussion should be moderated either by the trainer or the chair of the event. More concrete issues of implementation and possible gaps in the system of the END will be best addressed in the case-study session followed after the lecture.

Time frame


Documentation


01 PowerPoint Presentation ‘General Overview of the Environmental Noise

48

Directive’

02 DIRECTIVE 2002/49/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 June 2002 relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise



05



06 COMMISSION DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/996 of 19 May 2015 establishing common noise assessment methods according to Directive 2002/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council

07

European Commission, Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the implementation of the Environmental Noise Directive in accordance with Article 11 of Directive 2002/49/EC COM (2011) 321 final, 01.06.2011 (not published in the Official Journal)

08

European Commission, Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council concerning existing Community measures relating to sources of environmental noise, pursuant to article 10.1 of Directive 2002/49/EC relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise COM (2004) 160 final, 10 March 2004

Environmental Noise Legislation (additional documents)

09 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2015/429 of 13 March 2015 setting out the modalities to be followed for the application of the charging for the cost of noise effects

10 REGULATION (EU) No 598/2014 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 April 2014 on the establishment of rules and procedures with regard to the introduction of noise-related operating restrictions at Union






















http://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/1/2004/EN/1-2004-160-EN-F1-1.Pdf





http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32015R0429&from=EN






49

airports within a Balanced Approach and repealing Directive 2002/30/EC

11

REGULATION (EU) No 540/2014 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 April 2014 on the sound level of motor vehicles and of replacement silencing systems, and amending Directive 2007/46/EC and repealing Directive 70/157/EEC

12 REGULATION (EU) No 168/2013 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 15 January 2013 on the approval and market surveillance of two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles

13

COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 748/2012 of 3 August 2012 laying down implementing rules for the airworthiness and environmental certification of aircraft and related products, parts and appliances, as well as for the certification of design and production organisations

14

REGULATION (EC) No 216/2008 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 February 2008 on common rules in the field of civil aviation and establishing a European Aviation Safety Agency, and repealing Council Directive 91/670/EEC, Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 and Directive 2004/36/EC

15 DIRECTIVE 2008/57/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 17 June 2008 on the interoperability of the rail system within the Community (consolidated version)

16

DIRECTIVE 2006/93/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 12 December 2006 on the regulation of the operation of aeroplanes covered by Part II, Chapter 3 , Volume 1 of Annex 16 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, second edition (1988) (codified version)

17

DIRECTIVE 2005/88/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 14 December 2005 amending Directive 2000/14/EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the noise emission in the environment by equipment for use outdoors

18 DIRECTIVE 2002/30/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 26 March 2002 on the establishment of rules and procedures with regard to the introduction of noise-related operating restrictions at Community airports

19 DIRECTIVE 2001/16/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 19 March 2001 on the interoperability of the trans-European conventional rail system

20 DIRECTIVE 2000/14/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 8 May 2000 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the noise emission in the environment by equipment for use outdoors

















http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:02008L0057-20150101&from=EN




















50

21 DIRECTIVE 1999/62/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 17 June 1999 on the charging of heavy goods vehicles for the use of certain infrastructures

22 DIRECTIVE 2011/76/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 27 September 2011 amending Directive 1999/62/EC on the charging of heavy goods vehicles for the use of certain infrastructures

23 DIRECTIVE 94/25/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 June 1994 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to recreational craft

24 DIRECTIVE 2013/53/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 November 2013 on recreational craft and personal watercraft and repealing Directive 94/25/EC as of 18 January 2016

25

DIRECTIVE 2003/44/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 June 2003 amending Directive 94/25/EC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to recreational craft

Trainer’s profile

Continuous training of judges and prosecutors on the subject can be more successful when done by colleagues who have the same professional background (“speaking the same language”). An ideal speaker could therefore be a judge experienced in administrative law, focusing on environment, an expert from DG Environment, European Commission, an academic with practical experience of the application and implementation of Environmental Noise Directive or an official from a relevant national authority who is familiar with the implementation of it.

















51

Unit 8: Implementation of the Environmental Noise Directive in Member States


The aim of the presentation is to give the participants an overview of the problems, caused by environmental noise and the policies, applicable at present in the area. Participants will be explained the definitions, covered by the legal act, define the areas where the END is applicable and where the power of decision is left for the national authorities. It will also provide a thorough overview of the most common challenges implementing the legislation at the national level.


• The noise problem o Noise in Europe today and tomorrow o EU noise policy

• Directive 2002/49/EC and the citizens o What the Directive does and does not do o Unclarities in the Directive text o Common citizen complaints

• Directive 2002/49/EC and the Member States o Implementation in Member States o Common implementation challenges

Methodology

This unit should be conducted as a face-to-face frontal presentation in plenary session, where main features of the Directive and other relevant pieces of legislation are clarified. The order in which the different points of the unit are presented should be defined by the trainer (-s). The subsequent discussion should be moderated either by the trainer or the chair of the event.

Time frame


Documentation


01 PowerPoint Presentation ‘Implementation of the Environmental Noise

52

Directive in Member States’




05




07


08

European Commission, Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council concerning existing Community measures relating to sources of environmental noise, pursuant to article 10.1 of Directive 2002/49/EC relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise COM (2004) 160 final, 10 March 2004


09 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2015/429 of 13 March 2015 setting out the modalities to be followed for the application of the charging for the cost of noise effects

10 REGULATION (EU) No 598/2014 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 April 2014 on the establishment of rules and procedures with regard to the introduction of noise-related operating restrictions at Union

































53

airports within a Balanced Approach and repealing Directive 2002/30/EC

11

REGULATION (EU) No 540/2014 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 April 2014 on the sound level of motor vehicles and of replacement silencing systems, and amending Directive 2007/46/EC and repealing Directive 70/157/EEC

12 REGULATION (EU) No 168/2013 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 15 January 2013 on the approval and market surveillance of two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles

13

COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 748/2012 of 3 August 2012 laying down implementing rules for the airworthiness and environmental certification of aircraft and related products, parts and appliances, as well as for the certification of design and production organisations

14

REGULATION (EC) No 216/2008 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 February 2008 on common rules in the field of civil aviation and establishing a European Aviation Safety Agency, and repealing Council Directive 91/670/EEC, Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 and Directive 2004/36/EC

15 DIRECTIVE 2008/57/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 17 June 2008 on the interoperability of the rail system within the Community (consolidated version)

16

DIRECTIVE 2006/93/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 12 December 2006 on the regulation of the operation of aeroplanes covered by Part II, Chapter 3 , Volume 1 of Annex 16 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, second edition (1988) (codified version)

17

DIRECTIVE 2005/88/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 14 December 2005 amending Directive 2000/14/EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the noise emission in the environment by equipment for use outdoors

18 DIRECTIVE 2002/30/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 26 March 2002 on the establishment of rules and procedures with regard to the introduction of noise-related operating restrictions at Community airports

19 DIRECTIVE 2001/16/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 19 March 2001 on the interoperability of the trans-European conventional rail system

20 DIRECTIVE 2000/14/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 8 May 2000 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the noise emission in the environment by equipment for use outdoors





































54

21 DIRECTIVE 1999/62/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 17 June 1999 on the charging of heavy goods vehicles for the use of certain infrastructures

22 DIRECTIVE 2011/76/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 27 September 2011 amending Directive 1999/62/EC on the charging of heavy goods vehicles for the use of certain infrastructures

23 DIRECTIVE 94/25/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 June 1994 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to recreational craft

24 DIRECTIVE 2013/53/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 November 2013 on recreational craft and personal watercraft and repealing Directive 94/25/EC as of 18 January 2016

25

DIRECTIVE 2003/44/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 June 2003 amending Directive 94/25/EC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to recreational craft

Trainer’s profile

An ideal speaker could therefore be a judge experienced in administrative law, focusing on environment, an expert from DG Environment, European Commission, an academic with practical experience of the application and implementation of Environmental Noise Directive or an official from a relevant national authority who is familiar with the implementation of it.

















55

Unit 9: Case study on the Environmental Noise Directive


Objective of a case-study is to provide a possibility to apply the lessons learnt from the basics of the END. The objective is to deepen the analysis of the system of implementation of the END and to provoke discussion on strengths and weaknesses of the Directive. In this unit the case study will be presented, regarding an obtainment of a permit under strategic noise map. The case study discussion shall be done in line with the aim of the regulation, considering the relevant factual aspects and considering the relevant legal aspects. The aim is also to ask participants from different EU Member States comment on the solutions proposed by the trainer and/or present different solutions from the jurisdictions they represent on administrative and criminal law procedure.

Specific learning points/ questions raised for the case study

• Member State’s obligation to make sure that no hazard on human health is caused by noise exceeding the valid guidelines

• Obligation of a local authority to approve an action plan and give binding provisions concerning road traffic noise, and to restrict the traffic if necessary

• The environmental permit shall be considered according to the IED

Methodology

The trainer will present the case by raising some points on the application of the END, IED and Janecek case. After the introductory presentation, participants will be divided into groups of 6-8 persons. The groups will discuss the case on the basis of the above defined legal acts. After the group discussion, participants will return to the plenary. Each group will have a rapporteur to explain the results of their discussion and the trainer will comment on their findings.

Time frame

The introduction of the case study should take 15 minutes; afterwards participants will divide into groups. The discussion on the case will take 45 minutes, the following discussion in the plenary including the debriefing will take another 30 minutes.

Documentation


01 PowerPoint Presentation ‘General Overview of the Environmental Noise

56

Directive’

02 Task description of the case study





08



Trainer’s profile

Continuous training of judges and prosecutors on the subject can be more successful when done by colleagues who have the same professional background (“speaking the same language”). An ideal speaker could therefore be a judge experienced in administrative law, focusing on environment, an expert from DG Environment, European Commission, an academic with practical experience of the application and implementation of Environmental Noise Directive or an official from a relevant national authority who is familiar with the implementation of it.




















57

Unit 10: Principles of EU Environmental Law as underlying principles of the Air Quality Directive and the Environmental Noise Directive: Prevention, Precaution, Correction, Subsidiarity, Proportionality


The general objective of this presentation is to show that the Air Quality Directive (AQD) and the Environmental Noise Directive (END) reflect environmental principles which are enshrined in the Treaties. The session raises the awareness that a good understanding of those principles is very helpful, if not necessary, to apply and interpret the pertinent national and the EU law in a convincing way. However, the presentation is not confined to more or less abstract issues. It also aims to provide the necessary tools for the national judges and prosecutors in order to assess and decide national cases on the matter (“legal craftsmanship”). Therefore, it is shown how to find the legal basis (Article 192 TFEU) and how to facilitate the reading and understanding of EU Directives like the AQD and the END.


• Legal basis of the AQD and the END

• The Underlying Principles: - high level of protection - precaution - prevention - prevention / precaution - rectification at source - polluter pays - subsidiarity - proportionality

Methodology

As the focus of this unit lies in the provision of a substantial amount of information, the best option would be to organise it as a face-to-face frontal training. Use of a PowerPoint can effectively present the highlights and headings of the material in the handout thus allowing an efficient introduction to it. In order to achieve this, it is essential that the trainer ensures that there is sufficient time for participants to raise questions or discuss any unclear points. Emphasis and examples can be added verbally by the trainer on a slide by slide basis. The order in which the different points of the unit are presented should be defined by

58 the trainer. The subsequent discussion should be moderated either by the trainer or the chair of the event.

Time frame


Documentation


01 PowerPoint Presentation: ‘Principles of EU Environmental Law as underlying principles of the Air Quality Directive and the Environmental Noise Directive: Prevention, Precaution, Correction, Subsidiarity, Proportionality’

02 CONVENTION ON ACCESS TO INFORMATION, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN DECISION-MAKING AND ACCESS TO JUSTICE IN ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS, Aarhus, Denmark, 25 June 1998


EU Documents


04 DECISION No 1386/2013/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 November 2013 on a General Union Environment Action Programme to 2020 ‘Living well, within the limits of our planet’


06

REGULATION (EC) No 1367/2006 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 6 September 2006 on the application of the provisions of the Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters to Community institutions and bodies


08 DIRECTIVE 2002/49/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 June 2002 relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise - Declaration by the Commission in the Conciliation Committee on the












59

Directive relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise

09 C-404/13, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 19 November 2014, The Queen, on the application of ClientEarth v The Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs


11








18 EEA (2014), Air quality in Europe — 2014 report, EEA Report No 5/2014, European Environment Agency http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2014

19

Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council of 1 June 2011 on the implementation of the Environmental Noise Directive in accordance with Article 11 of Directive 2002/49/EC [COM (2011) 321 final – Not published in the Official Journal]

20 EEA (2014), Noise in Europe 2014, EEA Report No 10/2014, European Environment Agency, Copenhagen http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014

21 UN ECE, The Aarhus Convention: An Implementation Guide (2nd ed) (2013)

http://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?language=en&jur=C,T,F&num=C-6/64&td=ALL



http://www.unece.org/env/pp/publications/aig.html

60

22 UN ECE, Protecting your Environment – The Power is in your Hands: A Quick Guide to the Aarhus Convention (April, 2014)

Trainer’s profile

An ideal speaker may be an academic or a practitioner. However, it is important the s/he is able to show the audience that principles of environmental law do not only matter in doctoral thesis but also in the daily work of a practitioner dealing with cases where the non-compliance with the AQD and the END is invoked.

http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/pp/Publications/Aarhus_brochure_Protecting_your_environment_eng.pdf


61

Unit 11: What is the role for a judge implementing the Air Quality Directive and the Environmental Noise Directive


The general objective of this presentation is to show that the national judge, when applying the AQD and the END, is nothing else but an EU judge. Having this in mind, the slides give an overview of the main features that are important for being a judge in the EU legal order. The session shall focus on the interplay between the Court of Justice and the national judiciaries. A toolbox of the national judge is described. This is done in a way that is very easy to understand and does not leave out possible problems. The aim is to reiterate common topics (supremacy of the EU law, preliminary reference, consistent interpretation, direct effect) and initiate a discussion and a self-reflection of the participants on their own role as national judges in the Member States. A concrete case on a missing EIA shall make the challenge more visible for the audience.


• Role of the National Judge as the EU Judge • EU Judicial Order (Article 19 TEU) • Access to Justice (Article 47 EU Charter of FR) • Preliminary References (Article 267 TFEU) • Toolbox of the National Judge • Principles of Equivalence and Effectiveness

Methodology

This unit should be conducted as a face-to-face frontal presentation in plenary session. The order in which the different points of the unit are presented should be defined by the trainer. The subsequent discussion should be moderated either by the trainer or the chair of the event. The session is intended to encourage discussion and reflection on past practices, rather than focus on ‘teaching’ or ‘learning’. The initial presentation is then followed by a case study which, again, is very practical in nature and is designed to facilitate the fresh-thinking to be operationalized in a group setting. The study is also intended to prompt innovative and imaginative thinking by the participants. Whilst the trainer should facilitate discussion and make suggestions, there is no ‘right’ or ‘complete’ answer for the case study.

62 Time frame


Documentation


01 PowerPoint Presentation: ‘What is the role for a judge implementing the Air Quality Directive and the Environmental Noise Directive’



EU Documents




06



08

DIRECTIVE 2002/49/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 June 2002 relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise - Declaration by the Commission in the Conciliation Committee on the Directive relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise

09 C-404/13, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 19 November 2014, The Queen, on the application of ClientEarth v The Secretary of State for the












63

Environment, Food and Rural Affairs


11









19











64 Trainer’s profile

An ideal speaker may be an academic or a practitioner. However, it is important the s/he is able to show the audience that principles of environmental law do not only matter in doctoral thesis but also in the daily work of a practitioner dealing with cases where the non-compliance with the AQD and the END is invoked.

65

Unit 12: Case study on access to justice for citizens and NGOs with the Air Quality Directive and the Environmental Noise Directive

Short description of the content and general objectives

In this unit a case study will be presented. It is about access to justice if a national public entity fails to fulfil its obligations under the END and the AQD by issuing a clearly insufficient action plan or no action plan at all. The slides explain that in such a situation a legal action by an individual or by an ENGO is to be seen as admissible. However, this result has to be put into the national context of an administrative law. Therefore, the slides include main features of administrative law through a comparative lens. This approach on the matter leads to the conclusion that national notions on the admissibility of legal actions against public entities (reviewable administrative act, administrative omission and standing) have to be applied and understood in the light of the CJEU case law (“Client Earth”, “Janecek” and “Slovak Brown Bear”). The slides also explain that such a legal action is to be seen as well-founded. The national court must find a way to deliver a positive judgement that puts the obligation on the defendant to act in conformity with the END and the AQD. While leading to this result the presentation takes into account the general principles, such as the separation of power and the judicial control of administrative discretion.


• END/AQD action plans as reviewable administrative acts • The Janecek judgement of the CJEU • How to deal with administrative omission • Standing • Discretion of the administration • Operative part of a positive judgement

Methodology

The trainer will introduce the case by raising the main factual features. A case study which is very practical in nature and is designed to facilitate the fresh-thinking to be operationalized in a group setting. The study is also intended to prompt innovative and imaginative thinking by the participants. After the introductory presentation, participants will be divided into groups of 6-8 persons. The groups will discuss the case on the basis of the EU law and national (procedural) law. After the group discussion, participants will return to the plenary. Each group will have a rapporteur to explain the results of their discussion and the trainer will comment on their findings. Whilst the trainer should facilitate discussion and make suggestions, there is no ‘right’ or ‘complete’ answer for the case study.

66 Duration

The introduction to the case study should take 15 minutes; afterwards participants will divide into groups. The discussion on the case will take 45 minutes, the following discussion in the plenary including the debriefing will take another 30 minutes.

Documentation


01 PowerPoint Presentation: ‘Principles of EU Environmental Law as underlying principles of the Air Quality Directive and the Environmental Noise Directive: Prevention, Precaution, Correction, Subsidiarity, Proportionality’

02 PowerPoint Presentation: ‘What is the role for a judge implementing the Air Quality Directive and the Environmental Noise Directive’

03 Description of the task of the case study

04 Preliminary suggested solution to the case study



EU Documents




09


10 DIRECTIVE 2003/4/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 28 January 2003 on public access to environmental information and











67

repealing Council Directive 90/313/EEC

11

DIRECTIVE 2002/49/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 June 2002 relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise - Declaration by the Commission in the Conciliation Committee on the Directive relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise

12 C-404/13, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 19 November 2014, The Queen, on the application of ClientEarth v The Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs


14









22





68




Trainer’s profile

Continuous training of judges on the subject can be more successful when done by a colleague who has the same professional background (“speaking the same language”). An ideal speaker could therefore be judge experienced in administrative justice.





69

Unit 13: Closing session – evaluation of the workshop Short description of content In the final session of the workshop, conclusions will be drawn and participants will be invited to evaluate the event. General objectives Participants will provide feedback on the whole event, the preliminary information, the workshop documentation, the e-learning module and the usefulness of the workshop for their daily work. Specific learning points Summing up the event Obtaining feedback Use the feedback and the evaluations to improve the training module (for

organisers) Methodology Participants will be in plenary. Before the final discussion and evaluation of the event is actually opened, each participant should have already filled in the evaluation form. If possible, all participants, i.e. including the speakers and the leader of the workshop, should participate in this final evaluation session. The training manager of the workshop should encourage the participants to speak openly about their impressions of the workshop. Time frame The closing session should take approx. 20-30 minutes. Documentation Necessary material (to be made available in hardcopy during the sub-session):

01 Evaluation form

Trainer profile

The closing session will be chaired by the training manager of the workshop.

era.int

HOW TO HANDLE COURT

PROCEEDINGS INVOKING

NON-COMPLIANCE WITH EU

AIR QUALITY AND NOISE

LEGISLATION

WORKSHOP FOR NATIONAL

JUDGES Venue, Date:

Organiser:

Language:

Objective

Both air quality and noise pollution are a major

concern for human health in EU. By addressing

the issues that may be relevant for national

judges, this two-and-a-half day workshop will

provide the participants with an overview of the

Air Quality Directive (AQD) and the

Environmental Noise Directive (END). It aims to

facilitate the handling of future national court

procedures invoking non-compliance with EU air

quality and noise legislation.

Key elements of the workshop

Scientific and technical introduction to

effects of air and noise pollution on human

health

Aims and features of AQD and END and their

links with other relevant EU legislation

Various case studies on the role of the judge

in this matter

Who should attend?

This workshop is primarily aimed at administrative

judges and/or judicial trainers interested in

environmental law.

Speakers & training managers

70

First Day of the Workshop

09:30

Arrival and registration of participants

10:00 Welcome words and introduction

10:30 Effects of air and noise pollution on human

health: a scientific and technical introduction

11:30 Coffee break

I. AIR QUALITY DIRECTIVE (AQD)

12:00 General overview of the AQD

13:00 Lunch break

14:00 Air Quality Directive - main objectives, key

features and links with other relevant EU

legislation

15:00 Coffee break

15:30 Case study on the AQD:

Introduction to facts of the case study

Working groups

Plenary discussion of the results

17:00 End of the first workshop day

Second Day of the Workshop

09:30

10:30

Adoption of an air quality plan according to

Article 23 AQD

Coffee break

11:00 Case study on Article 23 AQD:


Working groups


12:30 Lunch break

II. ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE DIRECTIVE (END)

13:30 General overview of the END

Main objectives and key features

Links with other relevant EU legislation

14:30 Implementation of the END in Member States

15:30

16:00

Coffee break

Case study on the END:


Working groups


17:30 End of the second workshop day

Third Day of the Workshop

III. COMMON UNDERSTANDING OF THE TWO

DIRECTIVES

09:30

Principles of EU environmental law as

underlying principles of the AQD and END

Precaution, subsidiarity, proportionality,

prevention, correction

10:15 What is the role for a judge implementing

the AQD and END? Focus on access to justice

10:45 Coffee break

11:15 Case study on access to justice for citizens and

NGOs with the AQD and END:


Working groups


12:45 Evaluation of the workshop

13:15 End of the workshop

71

era.int

COMMENT APPREHENDER UNE

PROCEDURE JUDICIAIRE INVOQUANT

LE NON-RESPECT DE LA LEGISLATION

DE L’UE CONCERNANT LA QUALITE

DE L’AIR OU LA GESTION DU BRUIT

ATELIER POUR DES JUGES NATIONAUX

Lieu du séminaire, date :

Organisation:

Langues:

Objectifs de la formation

Tant la qualité de l’air ambiant que les nuisances

sonores représentent un souci majeur pour la santé

humaine dans l’UE. Le présent atelier se propose de

donner une vue d’ensemble des directives CE n°

2008/50 et 2002/49 à l’intention de juges nationaux

afin de les aider à mieux appréhender une

procédure judiciaire invoquant le non-respect de la

législation de l’UE concernant la qualité de l’air ou

la gestion du bruit.

Eléments clés de la formation

Introduction scientifique et technique aux

effets de la pollution de l’air et du bruit sur la

santé humaine

Les objectifs et dispositions clés des directives

CE n° 2008/50 et 2002/49

Des études de cas sur le rôle du juge dans ce

domaine spécifique du droit de

l’environnement

Groupe-cible et compétences requises

Ce séminaire s´adresse de préférence aux juges

et/ou aux entraîneurs juridiques intéressés par le

droit de l’environnement.

Formateurs

72

Première journée du séminaire

09h30 Arrivée et accueil des participants 10h00

Allocution de bienvenue et introduction

10h30 Les effets de la pollution de l’air et du bruit sur

la santé humaine – Introduction scientifique et

technique

11h30

Pause café

I. LA DIRECTIVE 2008/50/CE CONCERNANT LA

QUALITE DE L’AIR AMBIANT

12h00

Vue d’ensemble de la directive 2008/50/EC

13h00 Déjeuner

14h00 Directive concernant la qualité de l’air -

objectifs principaux, dispositions clés et liens

avec d’autres législations pertinentes de l’UE

15h00 Pause café

15h30 Etude de cas portant sur la directive 2008/50

(incl. la rédaction d’une question préjudicielle)

• Présentation des faits • Travaux en petits groupes

• Mise en commun des résultats

17h00 Fin de la première journée

Deuxième journée du séminaire

09h30 L’adoption d’un plan relatif à la qualité de l’air

conformément à l’article 23 de la directive

2008/50

10h30 Pause café

11h00

Etude de cas portant sur l’article 23 de la

directive 2008/50

• Présentation des faits

• Travaux en petits groupes


12h30 Déjeuner

II. LA DIRECTIVE 2002/49 RELATIVE A

L'EVALUATION ET A LA GESTION DU BRUIT

DANS L'ENVIRONNEMENT

13h30 Vue d’ensemble de la directive 2002/49

Objectifs principaux et dispositions clés

Liens avec d’autres législations pertinentes de l’UE

14h30

Les défis de la transposition de la directive

2002/49 dans les droits nationaux

15h30 Pause café

16h00

Etude de cas portant sur la directive 2002/49

• Présentation des faits



17h30 Fin de la deuxième journée

Troisième journée du séminaire

III. ELEMENTS COMMUNS AUX DIRECTIVES 2008/50

ET 2002/49

09h30 Principes de droit européen de l’environnement

qui sous-tendent les directives 2008/50/CE et

2002/49/CE (précaution, subsidiarité,

proportionnalité, prévention, correction)

10h15 Quel est le rôle du juge mettant en œuvre les

directives 2008/50 et 2002/49 ?

10h45 Pause café

11h15 Etude de cas portant sur l’accès à la justice pour

les citoyens et les ONG • Présentation des faits



12h45 Evaluation de la formation

13h15 Fin du séminaire

Le Programme est susceptible de changer.

Pour un programme actualisé : www.era.int

73

Documentation

HOW TO HANDLE COURT PROCEEDINGS

INVOKING NON-COMPLIANCE WITH EU

AIR QUALITY AND NOISE LEGISLATION

74

Workshop on Environmental law for national judges

“How to handle court proceedings invoking non-

compliance with EU air quality and noise legislation”

I. Background Documentation

EU Documents

Air Quality

01. Introduction. Thematic Briefing – Air pollution (2015), European

Environmental Agency, Copenhagen 1

Air Quality Legislation

02.1

DIRECTIVE 2011/92/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE

COUNCIL of 13 December 2011 on the assessment of the effects of

certain public and private projects on the environment (codification) (Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Directive)

ONLINE

02.2


COUNCIL of 16 April 2014 amending Directive 2011/92/EU on the

assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the

environment (amending Environmental Impact Assessment Directive)

ONLINE

02.3 Informal consolidated version of the EIA Directive 5

02.4

European Commission, Report from the Commission to the Council,

the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social

Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the application and

effectiveness of the EIA Directive (Directive 85/337/EEC, as amended by

Directives 97/11/EC and 2003/35/EC) COM (2009) 378 final

ONLINE

03.1


COUNCIL of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated

pollution prevention and control) (Recast) 40

03.2

COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 9 October 2014 establishing

best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive

2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on

industrial emissions, for the refining of mineral oil and gas

ONLINE

03.3

COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 26 March 2013 establishing

the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions under Directive

2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on

industrial emissions for the production of cement, lime and

magnesium oxide

ONLINE

75




























03.4

COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 28 February 2012

establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions under

Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on

industrial emissions for the manufacture of glass

ONLINE

04.1

DIRECTIVE 2008/50/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe

143

04.2

DIRECTIVE 2004/107/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 15 December 2004 relating to arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air (Fourth Daughter Directive)

187

05.1

DIRECTIVE 2001/42/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 27 June 2001 on the assessment of the effects of certain plans and programmes on the environment (Strategic Environmental Assessment)

201


06.1

REGULATION (EC) No 595/2009 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND

OF THE COUNCIL of 18 June 2009 on type-approval of motor vehicles

and engines with respect to emissions from heavy duty vehicles (Euro

VI) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information and

amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 and Directive 2007/46/EC and

repealing Directives 80/1269/EEC, 2005/55/EC and 2005/78/EC

ONLINE

07.1

DIRECTIVE 2009/33/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE

COUNCIL of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of clean and energy-

efficient road transport vehicles ONLINE

08.1

COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 692/2008 of 18 July 2008

implementing and amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the

European Parliament and of the Council on type-approval of motor

vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial

vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and

maintenance information

ONLINE

08.2


OF THE COUNCIL of 20 June 2007 on type approval of motor vehicles

with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles

(Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance

information

ONLINE

09.1


COUNCIL of 23 October 2001 on national emission ceilings for certain

atmospheric pollutants ONLINE

76






































10.1


COUNCIL of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community

action in the field of water policy ONLINE

11.1

COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 1999/13/EC of 11 March 1999 on the limitation of

emissions of volatile organic compounds due to the use of organic

solvents in certain activities and installations ONLINE

12.1

COUNCIL DECISION 97/101/EC of 27 January 1997 establishing a

reciprocal exchange of information and data from networks and

individual stations measuring ambient air pollution within the

Member States (EoI Decision) ONLINE

13.1


COUNCIL of 16 December 1997 on the approximation of the laws of

the Member States relating to measures against the emission of

gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines

to be installed in non-road mobile machinery (consolidated text)

ONLINE

14.1

COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 96/62/EC of 27 September 1996 on ambient air

quality assessment and management (Air Quality Framework Directive) (repealed as from 11 June 2010)

ONLINE

14.2


COUNCIL of 12 February 2002 relating to ozone in ambient air (Third Daughter Directive) (repealed as from 11 June 2010)

ONLINE

14.3


COUNCIL of 16 November 2000 relating to limit values for benzene

and carbon monoxide in ambient air (Second Daughter Directive) (repealed as from 11 June 2010)

ONLINE

14.4

COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 1999/30/EC of 22 April 1999 relating to limit values

for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen,

particulate matter and lead in ambient air (First Daughter Directive) (repealed as from 11 June 2010)

ONLINE

15.1 Council Directive 85/203/EEC of 7 March 1985 on air quality standards

for nitrogen dioxide ONLINE

16.1 Council Directive 82/884/EEC of 3 December 1982 on a limit value for

lead in the air ONLINE

Environmental Noise

17.1 Introduction. Thematic Briefing – Environmental Noise (2015), European Environmental Agency, Copenhagen

209

Environmental Noise Directive

77






























18.1

DIRECTIVE 2002/49/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 June 2002 relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise

213

18.2

COMMISSION DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/996 of 19 May 2015 establishing

common noise assessment methods according to Directive 2002/49/EC

of the European Parliament and of the Council ONLINE

18.3


227

19.1

European Commission, Report from the Commission to the European

Parliament and the Council concerning existing Community measures

relating to sources of environmental noise, pursuant to article 10.1 of

Directive 2002/49/EC relating to the assessment and management of

environmental noise COM (2004) 160 final, 10 March 2004

ONLINE


20.1

COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2015/429 of 13 March

2015 setting out the modalities to be followed for the application of

the charging for the cost of noise effects ONLINE

21.1

REGULATION (EU) No 598/2014 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND

OF THE COUNCIL of 16 April 2014 on the establishment of rules and

procedures with regard to the introduction of noise-related operating

restrictions at Union airports within a Balanced Approach and

repealing Directive 2002/30/EC

ONLINE

22.1


OF THE COUNCIL of 16 April 2014 on the sound level of motor vehicles

and of replacement silencing systems, and amending Directive

2007/46/EC and repealing Directive 70/157/EEC ONLINE

23.1


OF THE COUNCIL of 15 January 2013 on the approval and market

surveillance of two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles ONLINE

24.1

COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 748/2012 of 3 August 2012 laying

down implementing rules for the airworthiness and environmental

certification of aircraft and related products, parts and appliances, as

well as for the certification of design and production organisations ONLINE

25.1


OF THE COUNCIL of 20 February 2008 on common rules in the field of

civil aviation and establishing a European Aviation Safety Agency, and

repealing Council Directive 91/670/EEC, Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002

and Directive 2004/36/EC

ONLINE

78








































26.1


COUNCIL of 17 June 2008 on the interoperability of the rail system

within the Community (consolidated version) ONLINE

27.1


COUNCIL of 12 December 2006 on the regulation of the operation of

aeroplanes covered by Part II, Chapter 3 , Volume 1 of Annex 16 to the

Convention on International Civil Aviation, second edition (1988) (codified version)

ONLINE

28.1


COUNCIL of 14 December 2005 amending Directive 2000/14/EC on the

approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the noise

emission in the environment by equipment for use outdoors

ONLINE

29.1


COUNCIL of 26 March 2002 on the establishment of rules and

procedures with regard to the introduction of noise-related operating

restrictions at Community airports

ONLINE

30.1


COUNCIL of 19 March 2001 on the interoperability of the trans-

European conventional rail system

ONLINE

31.1


COUNCIL of 8 May 2000 on the approximation of the laws of the

Member States relating to the noise emission in the environment by

equipment for use outdoors

ONLINE

32.1


COUNCIL of 17 June 1999 on the charging of heavy goods vehicles for

the use of certain infrastructures

ONLINE

32.2


COUNCIL of 27 September 2011 amending Directive 1999/62/EC on the

charging of heavy goods vehicles for the use of certain infrastructures

ONLINE

33.1


COUNCIL of 16 June 1994 on the approximation of the laws,

regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States

relating to recreational craft

ONLINE

33.2


COUNCIL of 20 November 2013 on recreational craft and personal

watercraft and repealing Directive 94/25/EC as of 18 January 2016

ONLINE

33.3


COUNCIL of 16 June 2003 amending Directive 94/25/EC on the

approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions

of the Member States relating to recreational craft

ONLINE

Access to Justice Legislation

79








































34.1


240

35.1

Directive 2003/35/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of

26 May 2003 providing for public participation in respect of the

drawing up of certain plans and programmes relating to the

environment and amending with regard to public participation and

access to justice Council Directives 85/337/EEC and 96/61/EC

ONLINE

36.1


COUNCIL of 28 January 2003 on public access to environmental

information and repealing Council Directive 90/313/EEC

247


37. Case C-137/14, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 15 October

2015, European Commission v Federal Republic of Germany ONLINE

38. Case E-7/15, Judgement of the EFTA Court delivered in open court on 2

October 2015, EFTA Surveillance Authority v The Kingdom of Norway ONLINE

39.

Case N° 369428, Judgement of the Council of State (Conseil d’État) of

France, 6th / 1st United Subsection (Sous-Sections réunies (SSR)) of 10

June 2015 (available only in French) ONLINE

40.1

C-404/13, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 19 November

2014, The Queen, on the application of ClientEarth v Secretary of State

for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.

254

40.2

[related to C-404/13] Judgement of the UK Supreme Court of 16 April

2015 in Case [2012] EWCA Civ 897 ClientEarth v Secretary of State for

the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

264

41.

Judgement of the Supreme Federal Administrative Court of Germany

(Bundesverwaltungsgericht) of 5 September 2013 in Case [2013] C

21.12, “Darmstadt/Germany” case (available only in German)

ONLINE

42. C-420/11, Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 14 March 2013,

Jutta Leth v Republik Österreich and Land Niederösterreich 296

43. C-68/11, Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 19 December 2012,

European Commission v Italian Republic 306

44. C-34/11, Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 15 November 2012.

European Commission v Portuguese Republic ONLINE

45. C-120/10, Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 8 September 2011,

European Air Transport SA v Collège d'Environnement de la Région de ONLINE

80







http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32003L0035
































Bruxelles-Capitale and Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Reference for a

preliminary ruling: Conseil d'État - Belgium

46.

C-240/09, Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 8 March 2011,

Lesoochranárske zoskupenie VLK v Ministerstvo životného prostredia

Slovenskej republiky

316

47.

Joined cases C-165/09 to C-167/09, Judgment of the Court (First

Chamber) of 26 May 2011, Stichting Natuur en Milieu and Others v

College van Gedeputeerde Staten van Groningen (C-165/09) and

College van Gedeputeerde Staten van Zuid-Holland (C-166/09 and C-

167/09)

327

48.

C-115/09, Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 12 May 2011,

Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland, Landesverband

Nordrhein-Westfalen eV v Bezirksregierung Arnsberg ONLINE

49. C-28/09, Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 21 December

2011, European Commission v Republic of Austria ONLINE

50.

C-263/08, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 15 October

2009, Djurgården-Lilla Värtans Miljöskyddsförening v Stockholms

kommun genom dess marknämnd ONLINE

51. C-237/07, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 25 July 2008, Dieter Janecek v Freistaat Bayern. 348

52. C-138/06, Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 14 December

2006, Commission of the European Communities v United Kingdom ONLINE

53. C-78/06, Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 7 December 2006 –

Commission v Luxembourg (French) ONLINE

54. C-320/03, Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 15 November

2005, Commission of the European Communities v Republic of Austria ONLINE

55. C-387/97, Judgment of the Court of 4 July 2000, Commission of the

European Communities v Hellenic Republic ONLINE

56. C-361/88, Judgment of the Court of 30 May 1991, Commission of the

European Communities v Federal Republic of Germany ONLINE

57. C- 6/64, Judgment of the Court of 15 July 1964. Flaminio Costa v

E.N.E.L. ONLINE

58. C-25/62, Judgment of the Court of 15 July 1963, Plaumann & Co. v

Commission of the European Economic Community ONLINE

Useful documents: International law

59. UN ECE, Protecting your Environment – The Power is in your Hands: A

Quick Guide to the Aarhus Convention (April, 2014) ONLINE

81





































60. UNECE, The Aarhus Convention: An Implementation Guide (2nd ed)

(2013) ONLINE

61. Andrusevych, A et al., Case Law of the Aarhus Convention Compliance

Committee (2004 – 2011) (2nded) ONLINE

62.

CONVENTION ON ACCESS TO INFORMATION, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

IN DECISION-MAKING AND ACCESS TO JUSTICE IN ENVIRONMENTAL

MATTERS, Aarhus, Denmark, 25 June 1998 ONLINE

63. 1979 Geneva Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution ONLINE

64. UN ECE, Guidance Document on the Aarhus Convention Compliance

Mechanism (undated) ONLINE


65. European Environment State and Outlook report (SOER 2015),

European Environment Agency, Copenhagen ONLINE

66. Air quality planning development guidance (2015), prepared by the

Institute of Air Quality Management, UK ONLINE

67. EEA (2014), Air quality in Europe - 2014 report, EEA Report No 5/2014,

European Environmental Agency ONLINE

68. EEA (2014), Noise in Europe 2014, EEA Report No 10/2014, European

Environment Agency, Copenhagen ONLINE

69. The Clean Air Handbook. A practical guide to EU air quality law (2014,

Client Earth) ONLINE

70. Air Pollution country fact sheets (2014), prepared by the European

Environmental Agency ONLINE

71.

European Commission, Report from the Commission: Aarhus

Convention Implementation Report COM (2014) 2506 final, 16 April

2014

ONLINE

72. Exceedance of air quality limit values in urban areas (November 2014),

report by the European Environmental Agency ONLINE

73.

DECISION No 1386/2013/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF

THE COUNCIL of 20 November 2013 on a General Union Environment

Action Programme to 2020 ‘Living well, within the limits of our planet’ (7th Environment Action Programme)

ONLINE

74.

European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the

European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social

Committee and the Committee of the Regions on a Clean Air

Programme for Europe COM (2013) 918 final, 18 December 2013 ONLINE

82



http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/pp/Media/Publications/ACCC_Jurisprudence_Ecoforum_2011.pdf





http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/lrtap/full%20text/1979.CLRTAP.e.pdf

http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/pp/compliance/CC_GuidanceDocument.pdf














http://www.unece.org/env/pp/reports_trc_implementation_2014.html












75.

Zones in Relation to EU Air Quality Thresholds (2012) (with special regard to the maps with the reported exceedances of air quality limit values)

ONLINE

76.

European Commission, Report from the Commission to the Council and

the European Parliament on the experience gained in the application

of Directive 2003/4/EC on public access to environmental information

COM (2012) 774 final, 17 December 2012

ONLINE

77.

European Commission, Improving the delivery of benefits from EU

environment measures: building confidence through better

knowledge and responsiveness COM (2012) 95 final, 7 March 2012

ONLINE

78.

European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the

Council and the European Parliament on Thematic Strategy on air

pollution COM (2005) 446 final, 21 September 2005 ONLINE

79.

European Commission, Communication from the Commission on the

Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) Programme: Towards a Thematic Strategy

for Air Quality COM (2001) 245 final, 04 May 2001

ONLINE

83















Documentation

COMMENT APPREHENDER UNE PROCEDURE

JUDICIAIRE INVOQUANT LE NON-RESPECT DE

LA LEGISLATION DE L’UE CONCERNANT LA

QUALITE DE L’AIR OU LA GESTION DU BRUIT

84

Séminaire sur le droit environnemental de l’UE pour

les juges nationaux

“Comment appréhender une procédure judiciaire

invoquant le non-respect de la législation de l’UE

concernant la qualité de l’air ou la gestion du bruit”

III. Documentation de base

Documents adoptés par l’Union Européenne

Qualité de l’air

01.

Introduction. Thematic Briefing – Air pollution (2015), European

Environmental Agency, Copenhagen

(accessible en anglais uniquement)

1

Droit de l’UE sur la qualité de l’air

02.1

DIRECTIVE 2011/92/UE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU

CONSEIL du 13 décembre 2011 concernant l’évaluation des

incidences de certains projets publics et privés sur

l’environnement (texte codifié) (Directive d'évaluation d'impact environnemental (EIA))

EN LIGNE

02.2


CONSEIL du 16 avril 2014 modifiant la directive 2011/92/UE

concernant l'évaluation des incidences de certains projets

publics et privés sur l'environnement (Directive amendée sur l'évaluation d'impact environnemental (EIA))

EN LIGNE

02.3 Version non consolidée (non officielle) sur la Directive EIA (accessible uniquement en anglais) 5

02.4

Commission Européenne, RAPPORT DE LA COMMISSION AU

CONSEIL, AU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN, AU COMITÉ ÉCONOMIQUE

ET SOCIAL EUROPÉEN ET AU COMITÉ DES RÉGIONS sur

l'application et l'efficacité de la directive EIE (directive

85/337/CEE modifiée par les directives 97/11/CE et 2003/35/CE)

COM 82009) 378 final

EN LIGNE

03.1


CONSEIL du 24 novembre 2010 relative aux émissions

industrielles (prévention et réduction intégrées de la pollution)

(refonte)

40

85



http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32011L0092&from=EN











http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52009DC0378&from=EN










03.2

DÉCISION D'EXÉCUTION DE LA COMMISSION du 9 octobre 2014

établissant les conclusions sur les meilleures techniques

disponibles (MTD), au titre de la directive 2010/75/UE du

Parlement européen et du Conseil relative aux émissions

industrielles, pour le raffinage de pétrole et de gaz

EN LIGNE

03.3

DÉCISION D’EXÉCUTION DE LA COMMISSION du 26 mars 2013


disponibles (MTD) pour la production de ciment, de chaux et

d'oxyde de magnésium, au titre de la directive 2010/75/UE du

Parlement européen et du Conseil relative aux émissions

industrielles

EN LIGNE

03.4

DÈCISION D’EXÈCUTION DE LA COMMISSION du 28 février 2012


disponibles (MTD) pour la fabrication du verre, au titre de la

directive 2010/75/UE du Parlement européen et du Conseil

relative aux émissions industrielles

EN LIGNE

04.1

DIRECTIVE 2008/50/CE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU

CONSEIL du 21 mai 2008 concernant la qualité de l’air ambiant et

un air pur pour l’Europe

143

04.2


CONSEIL du 15 décembre 2004 concernant l'arsenic, le cadmium,

le mercure, le nickel et les hydrocarbures aromatiques

polycycliques dans l'air ambiant (Quatrième «Directive-fille»)

187

05.1


CONSEIL du 27 juin 2001 relative à l'évaluation des incidences de

certains plans et programmes sur l'environnement (l'évaluation

stratégique environnementale – SEA Directive)

201

Droit de l’UE sur la qualité de l’air ( documents additionnels)

06.1

RÈGLEMENT (CE) No 595/2009 DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU

CONSEIL du 18 juin 2009 relatif à la réception des véhicules à

moteur et des moteurs au regard des émissions des véhicules

utilitaires lourds (Euro VI) et à l’accès aux informations sur la

réparation et l’entretien des véhicules, modifiant le règlement

(CE) n o 715/2007 et la directive 2007/46/CE, et abrogeant les

directives 80/1269/CEE, 2005/55/CE et 2005/78/CE

EN LIGNE

07.1


CONSEIL du 23 avril 2009 relative à la promotion des véhicules de

transport routier propres et économes en énergie

EN LIGNE

08.1 RÈGLEMENT (CE) No 692/2008 DE LA COMMISSION du 18 juillet

2008 portant application et modification du règlement (CE) no

715/2007 du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 20 juin 2007

EN LIGNE

86

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32014D0738&from=EN





http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32013D0163&from=DE






http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:L:2012:070:FULL&from=FR





http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32008L0050&from=fr



http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32004L0107&from=FR




http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32001L0042&from=en




http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:188:0001:0013:FR:PDF










http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32008R0692&from=fr



relatif à la réception des véhicules à moteur au regard des

émissions des véhicules particuliers et utilitaires légers (Euro 5 et

Euro 6) et aux informations sur la réparation et l’entretien des

véhicules

08.2


CONSEIL du 20 juin 2007 relatif à la réception des véhicules à

moteur au regard des émissions des véhicules particuliers et

utilitaires légers (Euro 5 et Euro 6) et aux informations sur la

réparation et l’entretien des véhicules

EN LIGNE

09.1


CONSEIL du 23 octobre 2001 fixant des plafonds d'émission

nationaux pour certains polluants atmosphériques

EN LIGNE

10.1


CONSEIL du 23 octobre 2000 établissant un cadre pour une

politique communautaire dans le domaine de l'eau

EN LIGNE

11.1

DIRECTIVE 1999/13/CE DU CONSEIL du 11 mars 1999 relative à la

réduction des émissions de composés organiques volatils dues à

l'utilisation de solvants organiques dans certaines activités et

installations

EN LIGNE

12.1

DÉCISION DU CONSEIL du 27 janvier 1997 établissant un échange

réciproque d'informations et de données provenant des réseaux

et des stations individuelles mesurant la pollution de l'air

ambiant dans les États membres (EoL Décision)

EN LIGNE

13.1

DIRECTIVE 97/68/CE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU CONSEIL

du 16 décembre 1997 sur le rapprochement des législations des

États membres relatives aux mesures contre les émissions de gaz

et de particules polluantes provenant des moteurs à combustion

interne destinés aux engins mobiles non routiers (version

consolidée)

EN LIGNE

14.1

DIRECTIVE 96/62/CE DU CONSEIL du 27 septembre 1996

concernant l'évaluation et la gestion de la qualité de l'air

ambiant (Directive cadre sur la qualité de l'air) (abrogée le 11

juin 2010)

EN LIGNE

14.2

DIRECTIVE 2002/3/CE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU CONSEIL

du 12 février 2002 relative à l'ozone dans l'air ambiant

(Troisième «Directive-fille») (abrogée le 11 juin 2010)

EN LIGNE

14.3


CONSEIL du 16 novembre 2000 concernant les valeurs limites

pour le benzène et le monoxyde de carbone dans l'air ambiant

(Deuxième «Directive-fille») (abrogée le 11 juin 2010)

EN LIGNE

87




















http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:31997D0101&from=FR




http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:1997L0068:20130110:FR:PDF

















14.4

DIRECTIVE 1999/30/CE du Conseil, du 22 avril 1999, relative à la

fixation de valeurs limites pour l'anhydride sulfureux, le dioxyde

d'azote et les oxydes d'azote, les particules et le plomb dans l'air

ambiant (Première «Directive-fille») (abrogée le 11 Juin 2010)

EN LIGNE

15.1 Directive 85/203/CEE du Conseil du 7 mars 1985 concernant les

normes de qualité de l'air pour le dioxyde d'azote EN LIGNE

16.1 Directive 82/884/CEE du Conseil, du 3 décembre 1982, concernant

une valeur limite pour le plomb contenu dans l'atmosphère EN LIGNE

Pollution par le bruit

17.1

Introduction. Thematic Briefing – Environmental Noise (2015), European Environmental Agency, Copenhagen (accessible uniquement en anglais)

209

Directives et rapports de l’UE sur la pollution par le bruit

18.1


CONSEIL du 25 juin 2002 relative à l’évaluation et à la gestion du

bruit dans l’environnement

213

18.2

DIRECTIVE (UE) 2015/996 DE LA COMMISSION du 19 mai 2015

établissant des méthodes communes d'évaluation du bruit

conformément à la directive 2002/49/CE du Parlement européen

et du Conseil

EN LIGNE

18.3

RAPPORT DE LA COMMISSION AU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET AU

CONSEIL sur la mise en œuvre de la directive relative au bruit

dans l’environnement conformément à l’article 11 de la directive

2002/49/CE COM (2011) 321 final, 01.06.2011 (pas publié dans le

Journal Officiel)

227

19.1

RAPPORT DE LA COMMISSION AU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET AU

CONSEIL sur les mesures communautaires en vigueur concernant

les sources de bruit dans l’environnement, conformément à

l'article 10, paragraphe 1, de la directive 2002/49/CE relative à

l'évaluation et à la gestion du bruit dans l'environnement COM

(2004) 160 final, 10 Mars 2004

EN LIGNE

Droit de l’UE sur la pollution par le bruit (documents additionnels)

20.1

RÈGLEMENT D'EXÉCUTION (UE) 2015/429 DE LA COMMISSION du

13 mars 2015 déterminant les modalités à suivre pour

l'application des redevances correspondant au coût des effets du

bruit

EN LIGNE

21.1 RÈGLEMENT (UE) N o 598/2014 DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET

DU CONSEIL du 16 avril 2014 relatif à l’établissement de règles et EN LIGNE

88





http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31985L0203:FR:HTML











http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2011:0321:FIN:FR:PDF





http://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/1/2004/FR/1-2004-160-FR-F1-1.Pdf






http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32015R0429&from=FR






de procédures concernant l’introduction de restrictions

d’exploitation liées au bruit dans les aéroports de l’Union, dans

le cadre d’une approche équilibrée, et abrogeant la directive

2002/30/CE

22.1

RÈGLEMENT (UE) No 540/2014 DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU

CONSEIL du 16 avril 2014 concernant le niveau sonore des

véhicules à moteur et des systèmes de silencieux de

remplacement, et modifiant la directive 2007/46/CE et abrogeant

la directive 70/157/CEE

EN LIGNE

23.1

RÈGLEMENT (UE) N o 168/2013 DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET

DU CONSEIL du 15 janvier 2013 relatif à la réception et à la

surveillance du marché des véhicules à deux ou trois roues et des

quadricycles

EN LIGNE

24.1

RÈGLEMENT (UE) N o 748/2012 DE LA COMMISSION du 3 août

2012 établissant des règles d'application pour la certification de

navigabilité et environnementale des aéronefs et produits,

pièces et équipements associés, ainsi que pour la certification des

organismes de conception et de production

EN LIGNE

25.1


CONSEIL du 20 février 2008 concernant des règles communes

dans le domaine de l'aviation civile et instituant une Agence

européenne de la sécurité aérienne, et abrogeant la directive

91/670/CEE du Conseil, le règlement (CE) no 1592/2002 et la

directive 2004/36/CE

EN LIGNE

26.1


CONSEIL du 17 juin 2008 relative à l'interopérabilité du système

ferroviaire au sein de la Communauté (version consolidée)

EN LIGNE

27.1


CONSEIL du 12 décembre 2006 relative à la réglementation de

l'exploitation des avions relevant de l'annexe 16 de la

convention relative à l'aviation civile internationale, volume 1,

deuxième partie, chapitre 3, deuxième édition (1988) (version

codifiée)

EN LIGNE

28.1


CONSEIL du 14 décembre 2005 modifiant la directive 2000/14/CE

concernant le rapprochement des législations des États membres

relatives aux émissions sonores dans l’environnement des

matériels destinés à être utilisés à l’extérieur des bâtiments

EN LIGNE

29.1 DIRECTIVE 2002/30/CE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU

CONSEIL du 26 mars 2002 relative à l'établissement de règles et

procédures concernant l'introduction de restrictions

EN LIGNE

89














http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2012:224:0001:0085:fr:PDF











http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:02008L0057-20150101&from=FR

















d'exploitation liées au bruit dans les aéroports de la

Communauté

30.1


CONSEIL du 19 mars 2001 relative à l'interopérabilité du système

ferroviaire transeuropéen conventionnel

EN LIGNE

31.1

DIRECTIVE 2000/14/CE DU PARLEMENT EUROPE´ EN ET DU

CONSEIL du 8 mai 2000 concernant le rapprochement des

législations des États membres relatives aux émissions sonores

dans l’environnement des matériels destinés à être utilisés à

l’extérieur des bâtiments

EN LIGNE

32.1


CONSEIL du 17 juin 1999 relative à la taxation des poids lourds

pour l'utilisation de certaines infrastructures

EN LIGNE

32.2


CONSEIL du 27 septembre 2011 modifiant la directive 1999/62/CE

relative à la taxation des poids lourds pour l’utilisation de

certaines infrastructures

EN LIGNE

33.1

DIRECTIVE 94/25/CE DU PARLEMENT EUROPEEN ET DU CONSEIL

du 16 juin 1994 concernant le rapprochement des dispositions

législatives, réglementaires et administratives des États membres

relatives aux bateaux de plaisance

EN LIGNE

33.2


CONSEIL du 20 novembre 2013 relative aux bateaux de plaisance

et aux véhicules nautiques à moteur et abrogeant la directive

94/25/CE à compter du 18 janvier 2016

EN LIGNE

33.3


CONSEIL du 16 juin 2003 modifiant la directive 94/25/CE

concernant le rapprochement des dispositions législatives,

réglementaires et administratives des États membres relatives

aux bateaux de plaisance

EN LIGNE

Droit de l’UE sur l’accès à la justice

34.1

RÈGLEMENT (CE) No 1367/2006 DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET

DU CONSEIL du 6 septembre 2006 concernant l’application aux

institutions et organes de la Communauté européenne des

dispositions de la convention d’Aarhus sur l’accès à l’information,

la participation du public au processus décisionnel et l’accès à la

justice en matière d’environnement

243

35.1 DIRECTIVE 2003/35/CE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU

CONSEIL du 26 mai 2003 prévoyant la participation du public lors

de l'élaboration de certains plans et programmes relatifs à

EN LIGNE

90








































l'environnement, et modifiant, en ce qui concerne la

participation du public et l'accès à la justice, les directives

85/337/CEE et 96/61/CE du Conseil

36.1

DIRECTIVE 2003/4/CE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU CONSEIL du 28

janvier 2003 concernant l'accès du public à l'information en matière

d'environnement et abrogeant la directive 90/313/CEE du Conseil

250

Décisions de la CJEU et des juridictions nationales

37.

Affaire C‑137/14, ARRÊT DE LA COUR (deuxième chambre) 15

octobre 2015, Commission européenne c. République fédérale

d’Allemagne

EN LIGNE

38.

Case E-7/15, Judgement of the EFTA Court delivered in open court on 2

October 2015, EFTA Surveillance Authority v The Kingdom of Norway

(accessible uniquement en anglais)

EN LIGNE

39. Affaire N° 369428, Jugement par le Conseil d'État, 6ème chambre,

1ère SSR(Sous-Sections réunies), 10 juin 2015 EN LIGNE

40.1

Affaire C‑404/13, Arrêt de la Cour (deuxième chambre) du 19

novembre 2014, The Queen, à la demande de ClientEarth c. The

Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

257

40.2

[related to C-404/13] Judgement of the UK Supreme Court of 16 April

2015 in Case [2012] EWCA Civ 897 ClientEarth v Secretary of State for

the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs


268

41.

Jugement du Tribunal Administratif Federal de l’Allemagne

(Bundesverwaltungsgericht) du 5 septembre 2013 dans l’affaire

[2013] C 21.12, “Darmstadt/Allemagne” (seulement disponible

en allemande)

EN LIGNE

42. Affaire C‑420/11, ARRÊT DE LA COUR (quatrième chambre) 14

mars 2013, Leth c. Republik Österreich, Land Niederösterreich 300

43. Affaire C-68/11, ARRÊT DE LA COUR (première chambre) 19

décembre 2012, Commission européenne c. République Italienne 311

44.

Affaire C-34/11, ARRÊT DE LA COUR (première chambre) 15

novembre 2012, Commission européenne c. République

Portugaise EN LIGNE

45.

Affaire C-120/10, ARRÊT DE LA COUR (première chambre) 8

septembre 2011, European Air Transport SA c. Collège

d’environnement de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Région de

Bruxelles-Capitale

EN LIGNE

91







http://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf;jsessionid=9ea7d2dc30ddc7cb2b29b05a41cc9c049aa9e4db3369.e34KaxiLc3qMb40Rch0SaxuRbN90?text=&docid=169823&pageIndex=0&doclang=FR&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=445830







http://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=159801&pageIndex=0&doclang=fr&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=487325













http://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf;jsessionid=9ea7d0f130d5248d9b07a0904ecc9d0fe28b1cc632e4.e34KaxiLc3eQc40LaxqMbN4ObNiKe0?text=&docid=129841&pageIndex=0&doclang=FR&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=107479







46.

Affaire C-240/09, ARRÊT DE LA COUR (grande chambre) 8 mars

2011, Lesoochranárske zoskupenie VLK c. Ministerstvo životného

prostredia Slovenskej republiky

322

47.

Affaires jointes C-165/09 à C-167/09, ARRÊT DE LA COUR

(première chambre) 26 mai 2011, Stichting Natuur en Milieu et

d’autres c. van Gedeputeerde Staten van Groningen (C-165/09),

et College van Gedeputeerde Staten van Zuid-Holland (C-166/09

et C-167/09)

333

48.

Affaire C-155/09, ARRÊT DE LA COUR (quatrième chambre) 12

mai 2011, Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland,

Landesverband Nordrhein‑Westfalen eV c. Bezirksregierung

Arnsberg

EN LIGNE

49. Affaire C-28/09, ARRÊT DE LA COUR (grande chambre) 21 décembre

2011, Commission européenne c. République d’Autriche EN LIGNE

50.

Affaire C-263/08, ARRÊT DE LA COUR (deuxième chambre) 15

octobre 2009, Djurgården-Lilla Värtans Miljöskyddsförening c.

Stockholms kommun genom dess marknämnd

EN LIGNE

51. Affaire C-237/07, Arrêt de la Cour (deuxième chambre) du 25

juillet 2008, Dieter Janecek c. Freistaat Bayern 356

52.

Affaire C-138/06, Arrêt de la Cour (cinquième chambre) du 14

décembre 2006, Commission des Communautés européennes c.

Royaume-Uni

EN LIGNE

53.

Affaire C-78/06, Arrêt de la Cour (cinquième chambre) du 7 décembre

2006, Commission des Communautés européennes c. Grand-Duché de

Luxembourg

EN LIGNE

54. Affaire C-320/03, Arrêt de la Cour (grande chambre) du 15 novembre

2005, Commission des Communautés européennes c. République

d'Autriche

EN LIGNE

55. Affaire C-387/97, Arrêt de la Cour du 4 juillet 2000, Commission des

Communautés européennes c. République Hellénique

EN LIGNE

56. Affaire C-361/88, Arrêt de la Cour du 30 mai 1991,Commission des

Communautés européennes c. République fédérale d'Allemagne

EN LIGNE

57. Affaire C-6/64, Arrêt de la Cour du 15 juillet 1964, Flaminio Costa

contre E.N.E.L

EN LIGNE

58. Affaire C-25/62, Arrêt de la Cour du 15 juillet 1963, Plaumann &

Co. c. Commission de la Communauté économique européenne

EN LIGNE

Documents d’intérêt relevant du droit international

92


























http://curia.europa.eu/juris/showPdf.jsf?text=&docid=56110&pageIndex=0&doclang=fr&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=724758











59. CEE, Protéger votre environnement- vous en avez le pouvoir : Un

Guide Rapide de la Convention d’Aarhus (Avril 2014) EN LIGNE

60. CEE, La Convention d’Aarhus: Guide d’application (2ème édition) EN LIGNE

61.

Andrusevych, A et al., Case Law of the Aarhus Convention

Compliance Committee (2004 – 2011) (2nded)

(uniquement accessible en anglais)

EN LIGNE

62.

CONVENTION SUR L'ACCES A L'INFORMATION, LA

PARTICIPATION DU PUBLIC AU PROCESSUS DECISIONNEL ET

L'ACCES A LA JUSTICE EN MATIERE D'ENVIRONNEMENT, Aarhus,

Danemark le 25 juin 1998

EN LIGNE

63. 1979,Genève, Convention sur la pollution atmosphérique

transfrontière a longue distance

EN LIGNE

64.

UN ECE, Guidance Document on the Aarhus Convention

Compliance Mechanism (undated)


EN LIGNE

Documents d’intérêt portant sur la politique environnemental,

rapports et fiches de renseignement

65. L’environnement en Europe, état et perspectives 2015 (SOER15)

agence européenne pour l’environnement

EN LIGNE

66.

Air quality planning development guidance (2015), prepared by

the Institute of Air Quality Management, UK


EN LIGNE

67.

EEA (2014), Air quality in Europe - 2014 report, EEA Report No 5/2014,

European Environmental Agency


EN LIGNE

68.

EEA (2014), Noise in Europe 2014, EEA Report No 10/2014, European

Environment Agency, Copenhagen (accessible uniquement en anglais)

EN LIGNE

69.

The Clean Air Handbook. A practical guide to EU air quality law (2014,

Client Earth)


EN LIGNE

70. Fiches de renseignements de pays de pollution de l'air (2014),

préparées par l'Agence Européenne de l'Environnement

EN LIGNE

93

http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/pp/Publications/Aarhus_brochure_Protecting_your_environment_fre.pdf

http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/pp/Publications/Aarhus_brochure_Protecting_your_environment_fre.pdf

http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/pp/implementation%20guide/french/aigf.pdf



http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/pp/documents/cep43f.pdf




http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/lrtap/full%20text/1979.CLRTAP.f.pdf

http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/lrtap/full%20text/1979.CLRTAP.f.pdf



http://www.eea.europa.eu/soer-2015/synthesis/lenvironnement-en-europe-etat-et

http://www.eea.europa.eu/soer-2015/synthesis/lenvironnement-en-europe-etat-et











71.

Commission européenne, Rapport de la Commission : mise en

œuvre de la Convention d'Aarhus COM (2014), 2506 finale, le 16

avril 2014

EN LIGNE

72.

Exceedance of air quality limit values in urban areas (November

2014), report by the European Environmental Agency


EN LIGNE

73.

DÉCISION No 1386/2013/UE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU

CONSEIL du 20 novembre 2013 relative à un programme d’action

général de l’Union pour l’environnement à l’horizon 2020 «Bien

vivre, dans les limites de notre planète» (7ème programme

d’action environnementale)

EN LIGNE

74.

COMMUNICATION DE LA COMMISSION AU PARLEMENT

EUROPÉEN, AU CONSEIL, AU COMITÉ ÉCONOMIQUE ET SOCIAL

EUROPÉEN ET AU COMITÉ DES RÉGIONS Programme «Air pur

pour l’Europe» COM (2013) 918 final, 18 décembre 2013

EN LIGNE

75.

Zones in Relation to EU Air Quality Thresholds (2012) (with

special regard to the maps with the reported exceedances of air

quality limit values)


EN LIGNE

76.

RAPPORT DE LA COMMISSION AU CONSEIL ET AU PARLEMENT

EUROPÉEN SUR L'EXPÉRIENCE ACQUISE DANS L'APPLICATION DE

LA DIRECTIVE 2003/4/CE CONCERNANT L'ACCÈS DU PUBLIC À

L'INFORMATION EN MATIÈRE D'ENVIRONNEMENT, COM (2012)

774 final, 17 décembre 2012

EN LIGNE

77.

COMMUNICATION DE LA COMMISSION AU PARLEMENT

EUROPÉEN, AU CONSEIL, AU COMITÉ ÉCONOMIQUE ET SOCIAL

EUROPÉEN ET AU COMITÉ DES RÉGIONS : tirer le meilleur parti

des mesures environnementales de l'UE: instaurer la confiance

par l'amélioration des connaissances et de la réactivité COM

(2012) 95 final, 7 March 2012

EN LIGNE

78.

Commission Européenne, COMMUNICATION DE LA COMMISSION

AU CONSEIL ET AU PARLEMENT EUROPEEN Stratégie thématique

sur la pollution atmosphérique, COM (2005) 446 final, 21

septembre 2005

EN LIGNE

79.

Commission Européenne, COMMUNICATION DE LA COMMISSION

Le programme "Air pur pour l'Europe" (CAFE): Vers une

stratégie thématique de la qualité de l'air, COM (2001) 245 final,

04. Mai 2001

EN LIGNE

94



























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