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Eurescom Summit 2002 – Tutorial A: Towards Global Mobility Josef Noll Telenor, Norway R&D Fellow – Wireless Mobility [email protected]

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Tutorial given at Eurescom Summit October 2002

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Page 1: Towards Global Mobility

Eurescom Summit 2002 – Tutorial A:

Towards Global Mobility

Josef NollTelenor, NorwayR&D Fellow – Wireless [email protected]

Page 2: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

OutlineTrends in Services and User interaction

– ”Exactly what I want, when I want it”

– Youngster: Developing services for young customers

– Need for personalised service, profile and context dependent

Wireless Access: the dilemma of radio capacity– Radio capacity and coverage

– Trends and technologies in radio transmission

WLAN and GSM/UMTS evolutions– Telecom evolution, from 1G to 4G

– UMTS, basics, applications and network planning

– From WLAN to Cellular Internet

Global and Seamless Mobility– Mobility handling: Mobile IP, GSM/UMTS

– Seamless Mobility: Personalised access

Beyond 3G: “The Era of Personalisation”– B3G: Wireless and Mobile Broadband Access

– Key items

Page 3: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

1981: NMT roll-out1969: NMT-specifications

1990: GSM roll-out1982: GSM-specifications

2002: UMTS roll-out1991: UMTS-specifications

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

"4G"-specification(2001 ?)

1G:

3G:

2G:

4G ?

From 1G to 4G

Page 4: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Service development

1G:

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

3G:

2G:

B3G:

Mobile telephony

Mobile telephony, SMS, FAX,Data

Multimedia communication

Personlised broadbandwireless services

Page 5: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Trends: My services

– Context awareArt exhibition: additional information

• My services are:– Location based

Traveling: next petrol station

• Always online

• Examples:– Daily news when I want, not at 19:00h– No football in the news!– Video on my mobile phone

Page 6: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Trends: My Preferences

� Interactive game with a computer oranother person

� Video on your mobile phone

λ Electronic contactJapan: Transmit characterinformation and preferenceswhile walking around. If youmeet somebody with similarwishes your ‘toy’ startsringing.

Page 7: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

IST-Youngster, Context & Community

Page 8: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

My Community: LocatingPeople Application� Allows one to determine and display the positions of one or

more Youngster users either at a certain point in time orrepeatedly.

� User permission and accuracy level

� Example usages:– Tom's girlfriend wants to see

where Paul currently is.

http://www.ist-youngster.org/

Page 9: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Context-Aware Reminders

� Information displayed in certain situations.

� Set up by the receiver, by another person, or by anapplication (e.g. the intelligent assistant)

� Examples of context-aware reminders are:– Appointments, shopping lists, notifications Reminder Templates

Ok Back

FriendAlertAlerts you when somemembers of acommunity are near-by

Have a look:http://www.ist-youngster.org/

Page 10: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Future Scenario:Personalised & Mobile Application

Userpreferences

ApplicationPersonalised & MobileApplications

Access networkcapabilities

Page 11: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Personal preferences:Pricing for music download

Song duration 200 sec

Quality High Good Fair

Bit rate (kbit/s) 96 64 48

T-Mobile Basic (Euro) 70 46 35

T-Mobile Pro (Euro) 7,2 4,8 3,6

Desired price (Euro) 0,72 0,48 0,36

source: Eurescom P1105 MobilUS

Page 12: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Example: Next flight home

Today:� Have to select terminal� Have to select service: WAP,

WEB

� Have to find the way to ”mybookings”

Future:� The system suggest an

alternative booking:”You will reach the 13:05flight, should I book you onthat one?”

� Location service, towards theairport

� Access capabilities: WAP,WEB, SMS

� Personal preferences: fasthome

NOYES

Page 13: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Trend: Smaller terminals

Information overload

Service for “everybody”

Person-to-Person communication

WEB page Reduced WEBpage

MMS message

Page 14: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Trend: Devices for ApplicationsServiceusability

WAPphone

Smartphone,Communicator

Palmheld,Palm,iPAQ

Handheld, Psion

Laptop

Messaging:SMS

Good Excellent Excellent Excellent Too bigand heavy

Messaging:Email

Poor Good Good Excellent Excellent

Messaging:Email withattachments

Poor Poor Poor + Average Excellent

Web surfing N/A Poor Poor Poor Excellent

FTP N/A N/A Poor Poor Good

VoIP N/A N/A Poor Poor Good

Page 15: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Trend: Optimum access for each device

802.11access

Optical Distribution network

UMTSterminals

Bluetoothaccess

Hiperlanaccess

DistributionAntenna

Page 16: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Laptop asSIP/H323terminal

Mobile phone

Plain-old phone

Cordless phone

PC as SIP/H323terminal

UserLaptop

PDA

Camcorder

Printer

Microphone

Interactive TVPersonalAreaNetwork

Workstation

Open communication between devices� Short-range

communications,- Bluetooth,- WLAN,- Hiperlan

� Seamlessconnectivity

� More devices- processor- communications

The PAN (Personal Area Network) era has begun!

Page 17: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Personal Area Network (PAN)Home AN Public Network

InterconnectivityBetween your devicesTo your neighbourCreate spontaneous networks

Create your ”personal sphere”

Access everywhere

Access from all devices

Page 18: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Access and Distribution

802.11aHiperlan/2Bluetooth

LMDS or Fibre,AN: 802.11a, H/2

Bluetooth, UMTS TDD

802.11a,bHiperlan/2Bluetooth

Global Celluar:DVB (DAB)

UMTS (FDD, GPRS, GSM)

Trend: Seamless Connectivity

Considerations:

- EDGE2.5 G fill-inn

- GSM on the net:licensings

Private Area Netw.License free bands

DECTmissing interworking

DAB, DVBbroadcast, not access

Page 19: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

OutlineTrends in Services and User interaction

– ”Exactly what I want, when I want it”

– Youngster: Developing services for young customers

– Need for personalised service, profile and context dependent

Wireless Access: the dilemma of radio capacity– Radio capacity and coverage

– Trends and technologies in radio transmission

WLAN and GSM/UMTS evolutions– Telecom evolution, from 1G to 4G

– UMTS, basics, applications and network planning

– From WLAN to Cellular Internet

Global and Seamless Mobility– Mobility handling: Mobile IP, GSM/UMTS

– Seamless Mobility: Personalised access

Beyond 3G: “The Era of Personalisation”– B3G: Wireless and Mobile Broadband Access

– Key items

Page 20: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Radio principles

• C = Capacity [kbit/s]• P = Signal Power

• W = Bandwidth

• N0 = Noise

Claude E. Shannon (1916-2001)

+=

WN

PWC

02 1log

Noise & Interference (e.g.multi-path) cause

− Delay constraint, Delay jitter,Bit error rate

− Bandwidth / throughput− Availability, Reliability,

Precedence (priority) andservice interruptions

Limited cell capacity, e.g.UMTS 700 kbit/s – 1 Mbit/s

Page 21: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

The fading radio channel – link adaptation

� Fast fading is a result of multipath propagation� Fast fading is alleviated through the use of Fast

transmission power control– Tracks the envelope variations (80 dB on uplink) to ”flatten” the

instantaneous received power.

0 1 2 3 4 5

Relative position to reference / m

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

Sig

nal

fad

e/d

B

Rician (k= 10 dB)Rayleigh

Buildings

source: Anders Spilling, Telenor

Page 22: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

EbNo variasjone med tid

01

23

45

67

89

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3tid / s

Eb

No

/dB

Adaptive modulation example

� As the desired signal to noise and interference ratioincreases – can move from QPSK to 16QAM

– From 2 bits per symbol to 4 bits per symbol

QPSK

16QAM 1011 1001 0001 0011

1010 1000 0000 0010

1110 1100 0100 0110

1111 1101 0101 0111

0.3162 0.94870.31

620.

9487

source: Anders Spilling, Telenor

Page 23: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Dilemma of current Internetprotocols: TCP over IP throughput

o Assume radio errors, 2.3 %FER for 1400-bytes frames

o TCP throughput from[Xylomenos2001]

Physicallayerbitrate

TCPthroughput

%achieved

IEEE 802.11 2 Mb/s 0.98 Mbit/s 49IEEE 802.11b 11 Mb/s 4.3 Mbit/s 39.1

o TCP recovers slowly aftereach loss

o Wireless loss = congestion

o Required: ”Mobility hintsfor advanced TCP”

Page 24: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

100 1.000 10.000106

107

108

109

Distance Rmax [m]

Max

Bit

Rat

e

Rate vs. Distance (M=N=1)

SNR = 0dB 10dB 20dB 30dB 40dB

Range and capacity

with SNR=10Range 1100 m for 10 Mbit/s

Rmax = log2 (1 + SNR) UnlimitedbandwidthsystemsReal systems

with limitedbandwidth

Page 25: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Trends in Radio Transmission

Hybrid Fibre Radio, Software Radio

Evolution in Smart Antennas– from SISO to MIMO

– from sector antennas to adaptive access

Adaptive Access

Advances in access schemes, channel and modulation

coding

– example: OFDM, …

– example: MDMA (multi-dimensional multiple access)

Page 26: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Software Radio & Hybrid FibreSW-radio basestation:

- Centralised installation

- Multiple access technologies

- Bluetooth, WLAN, DECT, GSM, UMTS access

Page 27: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

The Wireless Channel

• Historically: Multipathpropagation is a problem(fading)

• Solution: Spatial diversity withtwo antennas or an antennagroup

• 3G systems: Expectations forbase station antenna arrays

Recent advances for 3G and beyond:- Multipath propagation can be exploited- Establish multiple parallel channels, simultaneously, samefrequency, same transmitted power- Using antenna arrays at both transmitter and receiver

Modified from: Reinaldo Valenzuela, Lucent Technology

Page 28: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Smart Antennas for UMTS

Page 29: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Lifting the Limits with Dual ArraysThe Road to BLAST

Tx1 Rx1s1

Rx2

RxM

...

Tx2

TxM

...

s2

sM

+=

N

SC 1log2

+≈

N

SMC 1log2

number of antennas in the smaller of thetransmit and receive arrays

source: Reinaldo Valenzuela, Lucent Technology

SISOsingle input single output

MIMOmultiple input, multiple output

SIMO, (MISO)single input, multiple output (…)

Page 30: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Multiple Antenna Terminals...MIMO

Many elements an be integrated on a lap top or palm device

source: Reinaldo Valenzuela, Lucent Technology

Page 31: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

1

10

100

1000

0.1 1 10

Range (km)

Dat

aR

ate

(Mbp

s)

Theoretical PerformanceBLAST: Concept & Theoretical Performance

1

10

100

1000

0.1 1 10

Range (km)

Dat

aR

ate

(Mb

ps)

...

Single-User Bound

B=5 MHzPT=10 W

Single-User Bound

B=5 MHzPT=10 W

Transmit Diversity with1,4,8 sector antennas at base

Single omnidirectional antennaat terminal

BLAST with 1,4,8,16sector antennas at base

Same number of omnidirectionalantennas at terminal1

4

8

16(Data rate achievedwith 90% probability)

source: Reinaldo Valenzuela, Lucent Technology

Page 32: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Moore’s law in ‘air interface capacity’

1,00E-01

1,00E+00

1,00E+01

1,00E+02

1,00E+03

1,00E+04

1,00E+05

1,00E+06

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Year

1,00E+03

1,00E+04

1,00E+05

1,00E+06

1,00E+07

Modem speedNumber of tra

nsistors

Air interface capacity

Transmission rate Number of transistors

⇒ Air interface capacity is the most valuable resource

Info

rmat

ion

crea

tion

Page 33: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Conclusion for networkdevelopmentApplications and hardware requirements grow faster thanmodem capabilitiesUMTS is developed for ”mobility” (v <= 250 km/h), thussub-optimal for high-bandwidth applicationsExpected limitations: max network capacity 1 Mbit/s in anUMTS networkTrends visible today: Data access (HSCD) mainly fromfixed positions (no mobility)

Optimum access mode required for each userscenario

Page 34: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

OutlineTrends in Services and User interaction

– ”Exactly what I want, when I want it”

– Youngster: Developing services for young customers

– Need for personalised service, profile and context dependent

Wireless Access: the dilemma of radio capacity– Radio capacity and coverage

– Trends and technologies in radio transmission

WLAN and GSM/UMTS evolutions– Telecom evolution, from 1G to 4G

– UMTS, basics, applications and network planning

– From WLAN to Cellular Internet

Global and Seamless Mobility– Mobility handling: Mobile IP, GSM/UMTS

– Seamless Mobility: Personalised access

Beyond 3G: “The Era of Personalisation”– B3G: Wireless and Mobile Broadband Access

– Key items

Page 35: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

UMTS- basics, GSM evolution- applications testing and- network design

Page 36: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

GSM evolution

1990: GSM (9.6 kbit/s)

Q3.99: HSCSD (14.4 - 28/43 - 64kbit/s)

Q1.2001: GPRS (20/30 - 115 kbit/s)

G-MSCMSC

HLR

A

G bGSM BSS

N-ISDN

GGSNSGSN IP networks

MAPISUP

IP

X.25

ISUP

IP

X.25

• Q4.2001: EDGE (115 - 384 kbit/s)

• Q4.2001: UMTS (64/144 kbit/s - 2 Mbit/s)

GSM

GPRSAccess network

Core Network

Page 37: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

UMTS phase 2 (release 4, 5)

source: Knut Erik Walter, Telenor

BRAN: Hiperlan, -access,-link

Other core networks• IP• ATM• Hybrid IP/ATM

S-UMTS Satellite

Other access networksfixed or wireless

Later phases, Rel.4,Rel.5 All-IP,Rel. 6 with MobileIPv6?

GSM/GPRS basedcore network

UMTS TerrestrialRadio Access Network

GSM/GPRSaccess network

Phase 1 = Rel.99

Alternative solutions for- access- transport- mobility management

ISDN

IP-network

X.25

Page 38: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

UMTS application testing

� Subjective testing ofapplications in a simulatedradio environment

� Error pattern creation forscenarios

Potential tests:• Audio retrieval• MPEG-4 video download• IP-based: Web, ftp

=> Protected channel for highquality music

Page 39: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

UMTS system behaviour

GSM: Interference limited

UMTS: Noise limited� each call increases

noise level

� Capacity vs. Quality

� ”soft” capacity,increase capacity byreducing quality

• Varying traffic varying cell size

• Cell breathing (up to 50 %)

Page 40: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

System level simulations

� Cell radius decrease dependingon

– QoS of application

– location

– load of network

– traffic mix(voice + data)

• System level simulation:– Base station, mobile user equipment– Propagation model, data mix– Simulator manager

Page 41: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

System level simulation results

� Coverage area

� Areas with coverage fromtwo or more cells:Macrodiversity Areas

Difficult verification of simulatedresults

=> P921 has specified severalscenarios and simulationguidelines

Page 42: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Network planning guidelines

Link budget using

� uplink path loss

� downlink power level at cellborder

� downlink EIRP/trafficchannel

� downlink Power/trafficchannel

� downlink path lossevaluation

� Results for urban environment, cellranges for GSM1800 and UMTSservices

Page 43: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Cell Ranges for UMTS

� UMTS cell radio compares toGSM1800 system

� Calculation done for 70%network load (GSM coveragedoes not depend on load)

� Voice: UMTS performs betterthan GSM 1800

� Data: lower coverage of UMTScompared to GSM 1800

Page 44: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

GSM 1800 (UMTS coverage)

Tx power: 25 dBm Tx power: 35 dBm

Tx ↑ 10 dB Range ↑ 1.8…2

source: Helge Dommarsnes, Telenor Mobil

Page 45: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Challenges in network design

� Macrodiversity

� Soft Handover

� Hierarchical Cell Structures

� 3-sector versus 6-sectorsites

Page 46: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

UMTS evolution: HSDPA principles

� Exploit the High-Speed Downlink Shared channels (HS-DSCH) togain peak information rate of 10 Mbps

� Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPCH) – peak informationrate of 2.3 Mpbs (spreading factor 4, 3 parallel codes)

source: Anders Spilling, Telenor

Page 47: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

HSDPA Data Rates (Peak)

� Modulation method QPSK, 16QAM and potentially also 64 QAM– Currently 64 QAM not in Release 5– 10.8 Mbps achievable with 15 codes and 16QAM.

� Coding rates 1/4-3/4 (Rel'99 Turbo Encoder + rate matching)� Spreading factor 16 used in above table

Chip Rate = 3.84 McpsFrame Size = 3 slots

Modulation 10 codes Turbo coding rateInfo Rate(Mbps)

Info bits perframe

64QAM 10.8000 21600 3/416QAM 7.2000 14400 3/416QAM 4.8000 9600 1/2QPSK 2.4000 4800 1/2QPSK 1.2000 2400 1/4

source: Anders Spilling, Telenor

Page 48: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Mobile Internet Developments

Page 49: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

The Internet goes mobile

1996: MobileIP

1999: Cellular Internet

1999: first commercial W-LANnetworks2000: Intranet WLAN accessTelenor R&D

2001: diffserv, IPv6, …

2002: IPv4 IPv6 migration

High speed developmentsIEEE 802.11a, Hiperlan/2

Mobile/Cellular Internet

high populated areas(inhouse, campus, metropolitan)

low populated areas(metropolitan, regional)

WLAN, I-cell

source: G. Grolms, Telenor R&D

Page 50: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Mobile Internet roll-out

802.11b: 2-11Mbit/s802.11a:chipset for 54 Mbit/sHiperlan/2 unplug in 2002,competes with 802.11a

Telenor– hot-spot, 52 hotels– “Wireless Zone” for business users

T-Mobile– Starbuck coffee shop (USA, Berlin, London)– 250 hot-spots

NTT– 200 (+ 800) hot-spots in Tokyo

BT, TeliaSonera, ….– home-run 450 spots (SE), SAS airports– wGate with roaming to GSM (FI)– 4000 spots (UK - planned)

source: Breezecom.com

Page 51: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Abbreviation in LAN systems

� Frequency Hopping SpreadSpectrum (FHSS)802.11, Bluetooth: jumpbetween 79 channels

� Direct Sequence SpreadSpectrum (DSSS)802.11b: Divides bandwidthinto 13 channels (3 non-overlapping)

� Orthogonal FrequencyDivision Multiplexing (OFDM):High bitrate modulation,needs good S/N ratio

� Dynamic Frequency selection(DFS):shift if interference

� Transmit power control (TPC):Link power adaptation

� QoS support:Priority for real-timeapplications

Page 52: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

PAN/LAN characteristics

ISM band 2.4 – 2.485 GHz� 802.11: DSSS or FHSS, 2 Mbit/s� 802.11b (WiFi): DSSS, 3

channels (26 MHz), 11, 5, 2Mbit/s

� 802.11g: OFDM up to 22 Mbit/s

� Bluetooth: 1 MHz channelsFHSS, max 700 kbit/s

� HomeRF (= DECT data),- FHSS from 802.11- DECT voice (TDMA)

License exempt band� 5 GHz (5,15-5,35 5,47-5,725)� 802.11a: OFDM, max 54 Mbit/s

(not Europe)

� Europe (ERC 1999):- DFS and TPC required

� Hiperlan/2: OFDM, QoS max 54Mbit/s

� 802.11h: 802.11a + DFS, TPC

� ----------- both ----------------------� 802.11d: signal exchange

between access points

� 802.11e: QoS control

� 802.11i: PKI security support

Page 53: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

LAN-integration:WLAN/WPAN roadmap

2001 2003 2006

>54

22

11

2

<1

IEEE 802.11(FHSS)

IEEE 802.11(FHSS)

Bluetooth 2.0(FHSS)

Bluetooth 2.0(FHSS)

IEEE 802.15.3(OQPSK)

IEEE 802.15.3(OQPSK)

UWBUWB

Bluetooth 1.x(FHSS)

Bluetooth 1.x(FHSS)

HIPERLAN/2(OFDM/TDD)HIPERLAN/2(OFDM/TDD)

IEEE 802.11b(DSSS)

IEEE 802.11b(DSSS)

IEEE 802.11a(OFDM/TDD)

IEEE 802.11a(OFDM/TDD)

IEEE 802.11g(OFDM)

IEEE 802.11g(OFDM)

WLAN

WPAN"Mobile@Home" - konsepter

Who willdominate?

IEEE 802.11g(DSSS)

IEEE 802.11g(DSSS)

source: Per Hjalmar Lehne, Telenor

Page 54: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

PAN: Bluetooth System

� Worldwide operation� Transmission of voice and data� Small, low cost, low power,

short range radio transceivers� Using the license free,ISM-Band 2,4 GHz� Robust, using FHSS at 1600 Hops/s

(3200 Hops/s at Inquiry)� 1Mbit raw data rate, GFSK� Output Power 0, 4 or 20 dBm (EIRP)

Page 55: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Bluetooth & WLAN:Protocols and profiles

� Specifications describe how the technology works, i.e.Bluetooth resp. WLAN protocol architecture

� Bluetooth Profiles describe how parts of the specificationsare used to achieve a specific functionality

� WLAN has defined only the specifications (layer 1-3)

Source: Lars Svenkerud, Teleaksess

Page 56: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Bluetooth System – Protocol Stack

PhysicalPhysicalLayerLayer

MediumMediumAccess ErrorAccess ErrorCorrectionCorrectionFlow ControlFlow ControlOfferOffer SCO/ACLSCO/ACL

Link Manager ProtocolLink Manager ProtocolLink Set up andLink Set up andconfiguration Powerconfiguration PowermanagementmanagementAuthenticationAuthentication

Audio is realised inAudio is realised inBasebandBaseband

Logical Link Control and AdaptionLogical Link Control and AdaptionProtocol Segmentation, multiplexing andProtocol Segmentation, multiplexing andreassemblingreassembling

Service Discovery ProtocolService Discovery ProtocolDiscover services offered betweenDiscover services offered betweenunits Clientunits Client--server systemserver system

Cable replacement Protocol for RS 232Cable replacement Protocol for RS 232Based on ETSI 07.10 (60 simultaniosBased on ETSI 07.10 (60 simultaniosconnections)connections)

Telephony ControlTelephony ControlBinary Based on ITUBinary Based on ITU--TTQ.931 HandlesQ.931 Handlessignalling for voice andsignalling for voice anddata callsdata calls

AT TelephonyAT TelephonyControl Based onControl Based onITUITU--T V250 and ETSIT V250 and ETSIGSM 07.10GSM 07.10

PointPoint--toto--Point ProtocolPoint ProtocolFor connections toFor connections toLANsLANs

Object ExchangeObject ExchangeProtocol ForProtocol Forsyncronisationsyncronisation

TCP/UDP/IPTCP/UDP/IPFor internetFor internet

Copyright: Lars Erik Baugstø (FoU)

Page 57: Towards Global Mobility

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Profiles => InteroperabilityProfiler specified in v1.0b

� Generic Access Profile� Service Discovery

Application Profile

� Serial Port Profile� Dial-up Networking

Profile� LAN Access Profile� Headset Profile� Fax Profile

� Cordless TelephonyProfile

� Intercom Profile

� Generic Object ExchangeProfile

� Object Push Profile� File Transfer Profile� Synchronization Profile

Source: Lars Svenkerud

Page 58: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

New Profiles

� Car Profile� Personal Area Networking (PAN) profile� Wake-up Profile� Human Interface Device (HID)

over Bluetooth profile� Printing Profile� Still Image Profile� Extended Service Discovery Profiles� Local Positioning Profile� Audio/Video Profile

Source: Lars Svenkerud

Page 59: Towards Global Mobility

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Bluetooth WLAN (802.11, 802.11b) UMTSData rate 4-700 kbps 4-6 Mbps Up to 384 kbps (10 Mbps)Range 10 m, up to 100 m 100 meter 300 m – 5 km# simultaneoususers

7 10 – 50 depending on application 10 – 50 (application)

Frequencyband

2,4 GHz (85 MHz) 2,4 GHz (3 x 26 MHz) 2.1 GHz (45 MHz)

Transmitpower

1 mW, 2.5 or 100 mW 100 mW 1 W

Interfaces ADSL, Ethernet, ISDN, PSTN,USB, RS232

Primary Ehernet SS7, IP (All-IP)

Security Medium Low HighMobility Portable Portable Mobile (250 km/h)Support forvoice

Yes Only VoIP Yes

Type of clients Inbuilt in PC, PDA, MobilePhone, PC-card, CF-card,Memory Stick (Sony), SSD-card,USB dongle, RS-232 Dongle

Inbuilt in PC, PC-card, CF-card,RS-232 dongle and Ethernetdongle

Mobile Phone, PC-card

Powermanagement

Yes Proprietary solutions Yes (fast)

# of parallelsystems

15 – 50 depending on application 3 3 - 6

Interoperability Yes Through WECA, not throughstandard

YES

Bluetooth, WLAN and UMTS

Page 60: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Conclusion: Bluetooth, WLAN andUMTS� Bluetooth and WLAN are not competing, but almost

”complementary”� Bluetooth: Interconnectivity of devices (Mobile Phone, PDA,

Camera, Stereo, PC), Voice support, PAN� WLAN: Data connectivity LAN� UMTS: high security, QoS applications WAN

� WLAN Bluetooth coveragesimilar (Bluetooth with 20 dBm)

� Interference:– Sharing same radio spectrum (ISM band)– WLAN is more affected than Bluetooth (fast hopping, bandwidth)

Page 61: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

OutlineTrends in Services and User interaction

– ”Exactly what I want, when I want it”

– Youngster: Developing services for young customers

– Need for personalised service, profile and context dependent

Wireless Access: the dilemma of radio capacity– Radio capacity and coverage

– Trends and technologies in radio transmission

WLAN and GSM/UMTS evolutions– Telecom evolution, from 1G to 4G

– UMTS, basics, applications and network planning

– From WLAN to Cellular Internet

Global and Seamless Mobility– Mobility handling: Mobile IP, GSM/UMTS

– Seamless Mobility: Personalised access

Beyond 3G: “The Era of Personalisation”– B3G: Wireless and Mobile Broadband Access

– Key items

Page 62: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Mobility: Classification according tothe availability

� Continuous mobility enables continuous availability ofservices while the user moves.

� Discrete mobility enables the availability of services withincertain areas and for certain access points, e.g home andoffice, but not while moving from one area to another.

� Portability is an example of discrete terminal mobility, whereit is only allowed to move a terminal from one plug toanother.

Page 63: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Technology

Mobility Management – Micro Mobility andMobile IP

Macro Level Mobility

Micro Level Mobility

Mic

roM

ob

ility

Mo

bile

IP

UP

BACK

Page 64: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Correspondent

MobileIP MobilityMobile IP – the long term vision (UMTS rel. 6)

– HA, FA

– IPv6– real-time requirements?

Home Agent

IP NETWORK

Router

Mobile Host

Foreign network

Page 65: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

IN based MobilityIN based roaming– virtual MSN, allocated via D-channel

– data versus voice– ”Open access at home?”

– CTP profile (cordless telephony)

NT1Blue-tooth

ISDN

friend/hot-spot

NT1Blue-tooth

ISDN

homeIN

virtualMSN

GSM/GPRS/UMTS

public

GSM/GPRScore network

Page 66: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

GSM/GPRS/UMTS MobilityEricsson product: Mobile@Home

Public: Mobile phone

Privat/corporate/hot-spot: Bluetoothaccess public

GSM/GPRS/UMTSGSM/GPRScore network

BSC

NT Blue-tooth

Ethernet

homeADSL

HomeBSC

Blue-tooth

Ethernet

hot-spot/corporate

LAN

Page 67: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Candidate: MobileServiceProfileEricsson Bluetooth Home Base Station

HLR - home locationregisterMSC - mobileswitching centreUTRAN - UMTS radioaccess networkBSS - Base stationsubsystemSGSN - serving GPRSsupport nodeGGSN - gatewayGPRS support nodeHBS - Home basestationHBSC - Home basestation controller

HBS HBSC

MSC

SGSN

GPRSCore

GGSNMSC

SGSN

HLR

tunnel

CallServersApps.Apps.

Apps.

tunnel

Fixed IPaccessnetwork

IAD

Router

IP Network

Fixed accessnetwork

UTRAN

BSS

Copyright: Ericsson

Page 68: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

B3G element: Seamless &Personalised Access

public

GSM/GPRS/UMTSMobility:

GSM/GPRS,Mobile IP,

n.n.

BSCHA, FA

NT(1) Wire-less

Ethernet

homeISDN,ADSL

PrivatSupport

Wire-less

Ethernet

hot-spot/corporate

LAN

Seamless MobilityCommon authentication in the network

Page 69: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

OutlineTrends in Services and User interaction

– ”Exactly what I want, when I want it”

– Youngster: Developing services for young customers

– Need for personalised service, profile and context dependent

Wireless Access: the dilemma of radio capacity– Radio capacity and coverage

– Trends and technologies in radio transmission

WLAN and GSM/UMTS evolutions– Telecom evolution, from 1G to 4G

– UMTS, basics, applications and network planning

– From WLAN to Cellular Internet

Global and Seamless Mobility– Mobility handling: Mobile IP, GSM/UMTS

– Seamless Mobility: Personalised access

Beyond 3G: “The Era of Personalisation”– B3G: Wireless and Mobile Broadband Access

– Key items

Page 70: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

GSM,GPRS,UMTS,Hiperlan,DECT

LMDS, DVB, DAB, WLL

CATV, el. power

The wireless access

Hiperlan,WLAN,DECT,Bluetooth

ISDN,xDSL

SAT broadcast

Page 71: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Who will dominate the market?

Mobile Network operators� Place in value chain

(SIM = customer relation)� Location services

� One-stop-shopping =seamless connectivity

Support from:

� Nokia, opens 8210 operativesystem (Symbian)

IT-industry� .net functionality =

passport.com, hotmail.com� Windows with authentication

mechanisms

� Platform for PC and PDAs,Intel and TI support

� PhoneEdition on PocketPC,wireless digital assistant

Create win-win:� Seamless access to personalised services

Page 72: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

EURESCOM P1046 conclusions

UMTS network will not have sufficient bandwidth to support allNext Generation (NG) servicesEasier access to faster information services at any place

– Interworking: WLAN/Bluetooth and UMTS/GSM– Interworking: Broadcast (DAB/DVB) and UMTS/GSM

Short term (2001): WEB browsing with WLAN/Bluetooth devices,local mobilitySecond stage (2003): MobileIP handoverThird stage (2004): Integration (tight coupling) of other accessnetworks in UMTSMobile operators will dominate:

– Current place in the value chain where they ”own” the customerrelationship

– Provider of mobile location services– Corporate customers prefer wireless suppliers that are both Network

Provider and Service Provider for major investments

www.eurescom.de/public/projects/p1000-series/P1046

Page 73: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Customer with wireless accessto fixed and mobile networks

Generic ContentDatabase

Service/Fixed/Mobile Operator

Our position in the value chain

Hot spot owner,e.g. bus

ContentproviderAdvertisement

LocalInformation

SupplypersonalisedPortal content

Roaming toother networks

SecurityInfrastructure

Filter/Adjust/Adapt

Personalprofile

- Authentication, Security- Roles, Context- Location- Community

Dynamic access profile:- Radio environement- Terminal equipment

Page 74: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Personalised Information Provision

Informationprovider

News ticker:SoccerAccidentetc

Profiledatabase

LocationInformation

Agenda

Interesting?

Inform user?Information scaling

Terminal, radiocapabilities?Personalised

Service1:0

Page 75: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

The Era of Personalisation

Personalisation

Sectors: location & community

hom

e

…,

offic

e

hot -

spot

h eal

th&

c ar e

,… fa

mily

my

neig

hbou

rhoo

d,

…,

my

coun

try

tour

ist,

car,

sectors can be transferred into “Phases in life”

Page 76: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

What are “phases in life”?

Physical- Skeleton strength- Muscle strength- Co-ordination

Cognitive- Feelings/Reason- Reality/Fantasy- Individual/Corporate

Social- Dependent/

Independent

Source: Per Helmersen (Telenor)

Page 77: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Communication significant phases in life� 0-2 years,� 3-5 years,� 5-9 years, can use communication equipment� 11-14 years, they are equals� 15-19 years, they are unique� 20-29 years, they are independent� 30-54 parents

– phases of life=ways of life– new start (the mean age for 2nd marriage is 37 years)

� 55-79 the new independence� 80+ old age (same as 30-55 years, grandparents, active seniors, home for

the elderly, home care)

Page 78: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Key elements of Personalisation(operator’s vision)

• Seamless access ⇒ GSM/UMTS, WLAN, Bluetooth• Personalised access

⇒ Mobile Phone authentication with help of Bluetooth• Personalised services ⇒ Profiles with API support

• Solutions for each market segment- home market- health & care- community (social, local, regional)

Page 79: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

B3G element: Personalised access

Every customer has amobile phone

The mobile phone is theauthentication centre

Other devices use the SIMin a distributed network

Seamless login

Personalised accessThrough SIM-card identification

Page 80: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

The vision ahead: An Open Network

ISDN

Ethernet / USB Cable

ADSLOpenGateway

PAN

LocationCommunityContext, creation

User profileUser behaviour

User roles

Personalised & MobileApplications

1) Data connectivity

2) Voice support

3) Remote control4) Entertainment/Games

5) Open access withpersonalised services

Personalised services in an open networkThrough user profile

Page 81: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Relationship with respect to yourprofile

ServiceA

ServiceB

segmentedprofile

Page 82: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

”Public” Access

Public Access is everywhere (outside of your home)Vision: Open access network

Scenario Description, examples

Public Local Information Limited free info from a Bluetooth Access Point,e.g. in museums, for timetables, etc.

General Public Access The basic “Web everywhere” example: Internet,web mail, information services, etc.(+) Access to private mail(+) Extra security, access to corporate LANSemi-

privateSemi Private Access Hotels, sports/social clubs. Limited group of people

Corporate Corporate visited Conference rooms (+ whole campus)Local information(+) Full Internet access

Corporate employee Standard access to corporate LAN

Private Private visited Temporary visitor to your home

Open Privat Everybody who is in range can use the access

General PrivateAccess

Priority for permanent residents of house

Page 83: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Open Network Architecture

Millions of fixed lines function asfeeder lines for open pico-basestations

LEX

Subscribers’fixed lines

UMTS

GSM/GPRSVirgate

+

Supported by seamless authenticationbased on the Mobile Phone

Personalised and broadband services

Ke

yite

m:O

pen

com

mun

icat

ions

betw

een

devi

ces

Page 84: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Vision versus reality?

source: O. Røstbakken, Telenor R&D

Fixed

Walk

Vehicle

200 kbit/s 2 Mbit/s 20 155 Mbit/s20 kbit/s

Mob

ility

Bandwidth

HIPERLANIEEE 802.11

UMTS/IMT-2000

HIPERLINK, LMDS

GSM/GPRS

DECT

Bluetooth

It is simple It is personalised

It works

DAB

DVB

4G:Bandwidth & Interworking

Page 85: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

The B3G-terminal?

Page 86: Towards Global Mobility

2001 2005 2008/2010

Service Network

2G/GPRSServices

Packet andcircuit switched

Packet switchedonly

Open Services Access

Cyberworld

Ubiquitous Services

Community PersonalNetwork

Core Network

UMTSUMTS R5

ProgrammableNetworks

IP Backbone

ModularProtocols

QoS Mobility

Access Network

GERAN PAN

WLAN ++

Ad Hoc

New CellularUbiquitous

accessIP AccessWLAN

TerminalTechnology Multi-

modeSW

RadioSingle-mode

reconfigurability

PAN…wearables,open architecture(s)

RadioTechnology

CDMATDMA

OFDM

MIMO UWB SW Radio

WRC’03 WRC’06

MSS HAS

Page 87: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Beyond 3G – keywords

2000 2005 2010

Access Network

GERAN PAN

WLAN ++

Ad Hoc

New CellularUbiquitous

accessIP AccessWLAN

TerminalTechnology

Multi-mode SW

RadioSingle-mode

reconfigurability

PAN, wearables, openarchitecture(s)

RadioTechnology

CDMATDMA

OFDM

MIMO UWB SW RadioWRC’03 WRC’06

MSS HAS

Service Aspects

2G/GPRSServices

Packet andcircuit switched

Open Services Access

Cyberworld

Ubiquitous Services

Community PersonalNetwork

Packet switchedonly

Core Network

UMTSUMTS R5

ProgrammableNetworks

IP Backbone

ModularProtocols

QoS Mobility

�User needs, market trends, business models�Service architectures, service elements, -creation, -provision and –discovery�Next generation networks and networkintegration�Self configuring wireless networks and ad-hoc networking�Future access networks�Innovative radio interfaces, smart spectrumand antennas�Mobile security architecture�Visionary framework, roadmaps, referencemodels and public opinion�Pilot system development, validation andfield trials

Page 88: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Beyond 3G – players and relations

� WWRF: Wireless WorldResearch Forum

� WWRI: Wireless WorldResearch Initiative – commonEURESCOM/WWRF ISTproject

� WWIP: Expression of Interest(EoI) from WWRF

� B3G: EoI from EURESCOM

� WWI: Wireless World InitiativeSuggestion for 6th framework

WWRF EURESCOM

steering board

WWRI

WWIP B3G

P1145

P1203

WWI: Systems beyond 3G

radio network smart lifeservices

ideas

ideas

co-operation

ystemview

Page 89: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

WWI - structure

Smart MobileLife

Management

Service &Applications

AmbientNetworks

NewRadioB3G System view

Integrated projectsStrategicproject

Page 90: Towards Global Mobility

18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility

Conclusions

Radio is the key success factors for an operator“Always best connected”: Person-to-Person communicationand personalised servicesOperators have key-elements of personalised services

– Seamless access Common authentication in the network

– Personalised access Through SIM-card identification

– Personalised services in an open network Through userprofile

Combine the best: Authentication by SIM and wirelessaccess from all networksRequires … much more than just

co-operation between fixed and mobileseamless connectivity between PAN, LAN and GSM/UMTSone personal WEB page