towards global mobility
DESCRIPTION
Tutorial given at Eurescom Summit October 2002TRANSCRIPT
Eurescom Summit 2002 – Tutorial A:
Towards Global Mobility
Josef NollTelenor, NorwayR&D Fellow – Wireless [email protected]
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
OutlineTrends in Services and User interaction
– ”Exactly what I want, when I want it”
– Youngster: Developing services for young customers
– Need for personalised service, profile and context dependent
Wireless Access: the dilemma of radio capacity– Radio capacity and coverage
– Trends and technologies in radio transmission
WLAN and GSM/UMTS evolutions– Telecom evolution, from 1G to 4G
– UMTS, basics, applications and network planning
– From WLAN to Cellular Internet
Global and Seamless Mobility– Mobility handling: Mobile IP, GSM/UMTS
– Seamless Mobility: Personalised access
Beyond 3G: “The Era of Personalisation”– B3G: Wireless and Mobile Broadband Access
– Key items
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
1981: NMT roll-out1969: NMT-specifications
1990: GSM roll-out1982: GSM-specifications
2002: UMTS roll-out1991: UMTS-specifications
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
"4G"-specification(2001 ?)
1G:
3G:
2G:
4G ?
From 1G to 4G
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Service development
1G:
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
3G:
2G:
B3G:
Mobile telephony
Mobile telephony, SMS, FAX,Data
Multimedia communication
Personlised broadbandwireless services
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Trends: My services
– Context awareArt exhibition: additional information
• My services are:– Location based
Traveling: next petrol station
• Always online
• Examples:– Daily news when I want, not at 19:00h– No football in the news!– Video on my mobile phone
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Trends: My Preferences
� Interactive game with a computer oranother person
� Video on your mobile phone
λ Electronic contactJapan: Transmit characterinformation and preferenceswhile walking around. If youmeet somebody with similarwishes your ‘toy’ startsringing.
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
IST-Youngster, Context & Community
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
My Community: LocatingPeople Application� Allows one to determine and display the positions of one or
more Youngster users either at a certain point in time orrepeatedly.
� User permission and accuracy level
� Example usages:– Tom's girlfriend wants to see
where Paul currently is.
http://www.ist-youngster.org/
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Context-Aware Reminders
� Information displayed in certain situations.
� Set up by the receiver, by another person, or by anapplication (e.g. the intelligent assistant)
� Examples of context-aware reminders are:– Appointments, shopping lists, notifications Reminder Templates
Ok Back
FriendAlertAlerts you when somemembers of acommunity are near-by
Have a look:http://www.ist-youngster.org/
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Future Scenario:Personalised & Mobile Application
Userpreferences
ApplicationPersonalised & MobileApplications
Access networkcapabilities
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Personal preferences:Pricing for music download
Song duration 200 sec
Quality High Good Fair
Bit rate (kbit/s) 96 64 48
T-Mobile Basic (Euro) 70 46 35
T-Mobile Pro (Euro) 7,2 4,8 3,6
Desired price (Euro) 0,72 0,48 0,36
source: Eurescom P1105 MobilUS
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Example: Next flight home
Today:� Have to select terminal� Have to select service: WAP,
WEB
� Have to find the way to ”mybookings”
Future:� The system suggest an
alternative booking:”You will reach the 13:05flight, should I book you onthat one?”
� Location service, towards theairport
� Access capabilities: WAP,WEB, SMS
� Personal preferences: fasthome
NOYES
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Trend: Smaller terminals
Information overload
Service for “everybody”
Person-to-Person communication
WEB page Reduced WEBpage
MMS message
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Trend: Devices for ApplicationsServiceusability
WAPphone
Smartphone,Communicator
Palmheld,Palm,iPAQ
Handheld, Psion
Laptop
Messaging:SMS
Good Excellent Excellent Excellent Too bigand heavy
Messaging:Email
Poor Good Good Excellent Excellent
Messaging:Email withattachments
Poor Poor Poor + Average Excellent
Web surfing N/A Poor Poor Poor Excellent
FTP N/A N/A Poor Poor Good
VoIP N/A N/A Poor Poor Good
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Trend: Optimum access for each device
802.11access
Optical Distribution network
UMTSterminals
Bluetoothaccess
Hiperlanaccess
DistributionAntenna
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Laptop asSIP/H323terminal
Mobile phone
Plain-old phone
Cordless phone
PC as SIP/H323terminal
UserLaptop
PDA
Camcorder
Printer
Microphone
Interactive TVPersonalAreaNetwork
Workstation
Open communication between devices� Short-range
communications,- Bluetooth,- WLAN,- Hiperlan
� Seamlessconnectivity
� More devices- processor- communications
The PAN (Personal Area Network) era has begun!
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Personal Area Network (PAN)Home AN Public Network
InterconnectivityBetween your devicesTo your neighbourCreate spontaneous networks
Create your ”personal sphere”
Access everywhere
Access from all devices
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Access and Distribution
802.11aHiperlan/2Bluetooth
LMDS or Fibre,AN: 802.11a, H/2
Bluetooth, UMTS TDD
802.11a,bHiperlan/2Bluetooth
Global Celluar:DVB (DAB)
UMTS (FDD, GPRS, GSM)
Trend: Seamless Connectivity
Considerations:
- EDGE2.5 G fill-inn
- GSM on the net:licensings
Private Area Netw.License free bands
DECTmissing interworking
DAB, DVBbroadcast, not access
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
OutlineTrends in Services and User interaction
– ”Exactly what I want, when I want it”
– Youngster: Developing services for young customers
– Need for personalised service, profile and context dependent
Wireless Access: the dilemma of radio capacity– Radio capacity and coverage
– Trends and technologies in radio transmission
WLAN and GSM/UMTS evolutions– Telecom evolution, from 1G to 4G
– UMTS, basics, applications and network planning
– From WLAN to Cellular Internet
Global and Seamless Mobility– Mobility handling: Mobile IP, GSM/UMTS
– Seamless Mobility: Personalised access
Beyond 3G: “The Era of Personalisation”– B3G: Wireless and Mobile Broadband Access
– Key items
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Radio principles
• C = Capacity [kbit/s]• P = Signal Power
• W = Bandwidth
• N0 = Noise
Claude E. Shannon (1916-2001)
+=
WN
PWC
02 1log
Noise & Interference (e.g.multi-path) cause
− Delay constraint, Delay jitter,Bit error rate
− Bandwidth / throughput− Availability, Reliability,
Precedence (priority) andservice interruptions
Limited cell capacity, e.g.UMTS 700 kbit/s – 1 Mbit/s
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
The fading radio channel – link adaptation
� Fast fading is a result of multipath propagation� Fast fading is alleviated through the use of Fast
transmission power control– Tracks the envelope variations (80 dB on uplink) to ”flatten” the
instantaneous received power.
0 1 2 3 4 5
Relative position to reference / m
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
Sig
nal
fad
e/d
B
Rician (k= 10 dB)Rayleigh
Buildings
source: Anders Spilling, Telenor
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
EbNo variasjone med tid
01
23
45
67
89
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3tid / s
Eb
No
/dB
Adaptive modulation example
� As the desired signal to noise and interference ratioincreases – can move from QPSK to 16QAM
– From 2 bits per symbol to 4 bits per symbol
QPSK
16QAM 1011 1001 0001 0011
1010 1000 0000 0010
1110 1100 0100 0110
1111 1101 0101 0111
0.3162 0.94870.31
620.
9487
source: Anders Spilling, Telenor
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Dilemma of current Internetprotocols: TCP over IP throughput
o Assume radio errors, 2.3 %FER for 1400-bytes frames
o TCP throughput from[Xylomenos2001]
Physicallayerbitrate
TCPthroughput
%achieved
IEEE 802.11 2 Mb/s 0.98 Mbit/s 49IEEE 802.11b 11 Mb/s 4.3 Mbit/s 39.1
o TCP recovers slowly aftereach loss
o Wireless loss = congestion
o Required: ”Mobility hintsfor advanced TCP”
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
100 1.000 10.000106
107
108
109
Distance Rmax [m]
Max
Bit
Rat
e
Rate vs. Distance (M=N=1)
SNR = 0dB 10dB 20dB 30dB 40dB
Range and capacity
with SNR=10Range 1100 m for 10 Mbit/s
Rmax = log2 (1 + SNR) UnlimitedbandwidthsystemsReal systems
with limitedbandwidth
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Trends in Radio Transmission
Hybrid Fibre Radio, Software Radio
Evolution in Smart Antennas– from SISO to MIMO
– from sector antennas to adaptive access
Adaptive Access
Advances in access schemes, channel and modulation
coding
– example: OFDM, …
– example: MDMA (multi-dimensional multiple access)
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Software Radio & Hybrid FibreSW-radio basestation:
- Centralised installation
- Multiple access technologies
- Bluetooth, WLAN, DECT, GSM, UMTS access
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
The Wireless Channel
• Historically: Multipathpropagation is a problem(fading)
• Solution: Spatial diversity withtwo antennas or an antennagroup
• 3G systems: Expectations forbase station antenna arrays
Recent advances for 3G and beyond:- Multipath propagation can be exploited- Establish multiple parallel channels, simultaneously, samefrequency, same transmitted power- Using antenna arrays at both transmitter and receiver
Modified from: Reinaldo Valenzuela, Lucent Technology
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Smart Antennas for UMTS
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Lifting the Limits with Dual ArraysThe Road to BLAST
Tx1 Rx1s1
Rx2
RxM
...
Tx2
TxM
...
s2
sM
+=
N
SC 1log2
+≈
N
SMC 1log2
number of antennas in the smaller of thetransmit and receive arrays
source: Reinaldo Valenzuela, Lucent Technology
SISOsingle input single output
MIMOmultiple input, multiple output
SIMO, (MISO)single input, multiple output (…)
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Multiple Antenna Terminals...MIMO
Many elements an be integrated on a lap top or palm device
source: Reinaldo Valenzuela, Lucent Technology
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
1
10
100
1000
0.1 1 10
Range (km)
Dat
aR
ate
(Mbp
s)
Theoretical PerformanceBLAST: Concept & Theoretical Performance
1
10
100
1000
0.1 1 10
Range (km)
Dat
aR
ate
(Mb
ps)
...
Single-User Bound
B=5 MHzPT=10 W
Single-User Bound
B=5 MHzPT=10 W
Transmit Diversity with1,4,8 sector antennas at base
Single omnidirectional antennaat terminal
BLAST with 1,4,8,16sector antennas at base
Same number of omnidirectionalantennas at terminal1
4
8
16(Data rate achievedwith 90% probability)
source: Reinaldo Valenzuela, Lucent Technology
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Moore’s law in ‘air interface capacity’
1,00E-01
1,00E+00
1,00E+01
1,00E+02
1,00E+03
1,00E+04
1,00E+05
1,00E+06
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Year
1,00E+03
1,00E+04
1,00E+05
1,00E+06
1,00E+07
Modem speedNumber of tra
nsistors
Air interface capacity
Transmission rate Number of transistors
⇒ Air interface capacity is the most valuable resource
Info
rmat
ion
crea
tion
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Conclusion for networkdevelopmentApplications and hardware requirements grow faster thanmodem capabilitiesUMTS is developed for ”mobility” (v <= 250 km/h), thussub-optimal for high-bandwidth applicationsExpected limitations: max network capacity 1 Mbit/s in anUMTS networkTrends visible today: Data access (HSCD) mainly fromfixed positions (no mobility)
Optimum access mode required for each userscenario
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
OutlineTrends in Services and User interaction
– ”Exactly what I want, when I want it”
– Youngster: Developing services for young customers
– Need for personalised service, profile and context dependent
Wireless Access: the dilemma of radio capacity– Radio capacity and coverage
– Trends and technologies in radio transmission
WLAN and GSM/UMTS evolutions– Telecom evolution, from 1G to 4G
– UMTS, basics, applications and network planning
– From WLAN to Cellular Internet
Global and Seamless Mobility– Mobility handling: Mobile IP, GSM/UMTS
– Seamless Mobility: Personalised access
Beyond 3G: “The Era of Personalisation”– B3G: Wireless and Mobile Broadband Access
– Key items
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
UMTS- basics, GSM evolution- applications testing and- network design
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
GSM evolution
1990: GSM (9.6 kbit/s)
Q3.99: HSCSD (14.4 - 28/43 - 64kbit/s)
Q1.2001: GPRS (20/30 - 115 kbit/s)
G-MSCMSC
HLR
A
G bGSM BSS
N-ISDN
GGSNSGSN IP networks
MAPISUP
IP
X.25
ISUP
IP
X.25
• Q4.2001: EDGE (115 - 384 kbit/s)
• Q4.2001: UMTS (64/144 kbit/s - 2 Mbit/s)
GSM
GPRSAccess network
Core Network
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
UMTS phase 2 (release 4, 5)
source: Knut Erik Walter, Telenor
BRAN: Hiperlan, -access,-link
Other core networks• IP• ATM• Hybrid IP/ATM
S-UMTS Satellite
Other access networksfixed or wireless
Later phases, Rel.4,Rel.5 All-IP,Rel. 6 with MobileIPv6?
GSM/GPRS basedcore network
UMTS TerrestrialRadio Access Network
GSM/GPRSaccess network
Phase 1 = Rel.99
Alternative solutions for- access- transport- mobility management
ISDN
IP-network
X.25
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
UMTS application testing
� Subjective testing ofapplications in a simulatedradio environment
� Error pattern creation forscenarios
Potential tests:• Audio retrieval• MPEG-4 video download• IP-based: Web, ftp
=> Protected channel for highquality music
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
UMTS system behaviour
GSM: Interference limited
UMTS: Noise limited� each call increases
noise level
� Capacity vs. Quality
� ”soft” capacity,increase capacity byreducing quality
• Varying traffic varying cell size
• Cell breathing (up to 50 %)
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
System level simulations
� Cell radius decrease dependingon
– QoS of application
– location
– load of network
– traffic mix(voice + data)
• System level simulation:– Base station, mobile user equipment– Propagation model, data mix– Simulator manager
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
System level simulation results
� Coverage area
� Areas with coverage fromtwo or more cells:Macrodiversity Areas
Difficult verification of simulatedresults
=> P921 has specified severalscenarios and simulationguidelines
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Network planning guidelines
Link budget using
� uplink path loss
� downlink power level at cellborder
� downlink EIRP/trafficchannel
� downlink Power/trafficchannel
� downlink path lossevaluation
� Results for urban environment, cellranges for GSM1800 and UMTSservices
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Cell Ranges for UMTS
� UMTS cell radio compares toGSM1800 system
� Calculation done for 70%network load (GSM coveragedoes not depend on load)
� Voice: UMTS performs betterthan GSM 1800
� Data: lower coverage of UMTScompared to GSM 1800
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
GSM 1800 (UMTS coverage)
Tx power: 25 dBm Tx power: 35 dBm
Tx ↑ 10 dB Range ↑ 1.8…2
source: Helge Dommarsnes, Telenor Mobil
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Challenges in network design
� Macrodiversity
� Soft Handover
� Hierarchical Cell Structures
� 3-sector versus 6-sectorsites
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
UMTS evolution: HSDPA principles
� Exploit the High-Speed Downlink Shared channels (HS-DSCH) togain peak information rate of 10 Mbps
� Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPCH) – peak informationrate of 2.3 Mpbs (spreading factor 4, 3 parallel codes)
source: Anders Spilling, Telenor
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
HSDPA Data Rates (Peak)
� Modulation method QPSK, 16QAM and potentially also 64 QAM– Currently 64 QAM not in Release 5– 10.8 Mbps achievable with 15 codes and 16QAM.
� Coding rates 1/4-3/4 (Rel'99 Turbo Encoder + rate matching)� Spreading factor 16 used in above table
Chip Rate = 3.84 McpsFrame Size = 3 slots
Modulation 10 codes Turbo coding rateInfo Rate(Mbps)
Info bits perframe
64QAM 10.8000 21600 3/416QAM 7.2000 14400 3/416QAM 4.8000 9600 1/2QPSK 2.4000 4800 1/2QPSK 1.2000 2400 1/4
source: Anders Spilling, Telenor
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Mobile Internet Developments
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
The Internet goes mobile
1996: MobileIP
1999: Cellular Internet
1999: first commercial W-LANnetworks2000: Intranet WLAN accessTelenor R&D
2001: diffserv, IPv6, …
2002: IPv4 IPv6 migration
High speed developmentsIEEE 802.11a, Hiperlan/2
Mobile/Cellular Internet
high populated areas(inhouse, campus, metropolitan)
low populated areas(metropolitan, regional)
WLAN, I-cell
source: G. Grolms, Telenor R&D
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Mobile Internet roll-out
802.11b: 2-11Mbit/s802.11a:chipset for 54 Mbit/sHiperlan/2 unplug in 2002,competes with 802.11a
Telenor– hot-spot, 52 hotels– “Wireless Zone” for business users
T-Mobile– Starbuck coffee shop (USA, Berlin, London)– 250 hot-spots
NTT– 200 (+ 800) hot-spots in Tokyo
BT, TeliaSonera, ….– home-run 450 spots (SE), SAS airports– wGate with roaming to GSM (FI)– 4000 spots (UK - planned)
source: Breezecom.com
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Abbreviation in LAN systems
� Frequency Hopping SpreadSpectrum (FHSS)802.11, Bluetooth: jumpbetween 79 channels
� Direct Sequence SpreadSpectrum (DSSS)802.11b: Divides bandwidthinto 13 channels (3 non-overlapping)
� Orthogonal FrequencyDivision Multiplexing (OFDM):High bitrate modulation,needs good S/N ratio
� Dynamic Frequency selection(DFS):shift if interference
� Transmit power control (TPC):Link power adaptation
� QoS support:Priority for real-timeapplications
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
PAN/LAN characteristics
ISM band 2.4 – 2.485 GHz� 802.11: DSSS or FHSS, 2 Mbit/s� 802.11b (WiFi): DSSS, 3
channels (26 MHz), 11, 5, 2Mbit/s
� 802.11g: OFDM up to 22 Mbit/s
� Bluetooth: 1 MHz channelsFHSS, max 700 kbit/s
� HomeRF (= DECT data),- FHSS from 802.11- DECT voice (TDMA)
License exempt band� 5 GHz (5,15-5,35 5,47-5,725)� 802.11a: OFDM, max 54 Mbit/s
(not Europe)
� Europe (ERC 1999):- DFS and TPC required
� Hiperlan/2: OFDM, QoS max 54Mbit/s
� 802.11h: 802.11a + DFS, TPC
� ----------- both ----------------------� 802.11d: signal exchange
between access points
� 802.11e: QoS control
� 802.11i: PKI security support
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
LAN-integration:WLAN/WPAN roadmap
2001 2003 2006
>54
22
11
2
<1
IEEE 802.11(FHSS)
IEEE 802.11(FHSS)
Bluetooth 2.0(FHSS)
Bluetooth 2.0(FHSS)
IEEE 802.15.3(OQPSK)
IEEE 802.15.3(OQPSK)
UWBUWB
Bluetooth 1.x(FHSS)
Bluetooth 1.x(FHSS)
HIPERLAN/2(OFDM/TDD)HIPERLAN/2(OFDM/TDD)
IEEE 802.11b(DSSS)
IEEE 802.11b(DSSS)
IEEE 802.11a(OFDM/TDD)
IEEE 802.11a(OFDM/TDD)
IEEE 802.11g(OFDM)
IEEE 802.11g(OFDM)
WLAN
WPAN"Mobile@Home" - konsepter
Who willdominate?
IEEE 802.11g(DSSS)
IEEE 802.11g(DSSS)
source: Per Hjalmar Lehne, Telenor
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
PAN: Bluetooth System
� Worldwide operation� Transmission of voice and data� Small, low cost, low power,
short range radio transceivers� Using the license free,ISM-Band 2,4 GHz� Robust, using FHSS at 1600 Hops/s
(3200 Hops/s at Inquiry)� 1Mbit raw data rate, GFSK� Output Power 0, 4 or 20 dBm (EIRP)
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Bluetooth & WLAN:Protocols and profiles
� Specifications describe how the technology works, i.e.Bluetooth resp. WLAN protocol architecture
� Bluetooth Profiles describe how parts of the specificationsare used to achieve a specific functionality
� WLAN has defined only the specifications (layer 1-3)
Source: Lars Svenkerud, Teleaksess
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Bluetooth System – Protocol Stack
PhysicalPhysicalLayerLayer
MediumMediumAccess ErrorAccess ErrorCorrectionCorrectionFlow ControlFlow ControlOfferOffer SCO/ACLSCO/ACL
Link Manager ProtocolLink Manager ProtocolLink Set up andLink Set up andconfiguration Powerconfiguration PowermanagementmanagementAuthenticationAuthentication
Audio is realised inAudio is realised inBasebandBaseband
Logical Link Control and AdaptionLogical Link Control and AdaptionProtocol Segmentation, multiplexing andProtocol Segmentation, multiplexing andreassemblingreassembling
Service Discovery ProtocolService Discovery ProtocolDiscover services offered betweenDiscover services offered betweenunits Clientunits Client--server systemserver system
Cable replacement Protocol for RS 232Cable replacement Protocol for RS 232Based on ETSI 07.10 (60 simultaniosBased on ETSI 07.10 (60 simultaniosconnections)connections)
Telephony ControlTelephony ControlBinary Based on ITUBinary Based on ITU--TTQ.931 HandlesQ.931 Handlessignalling for voice andsignalling for voice anddata callsdata calls
AT TelephonyAT TelephonyControl Based onControl Based onITUITU--T V250 and ETSIT V250 and ETSIGSM 07.10GSM 07.10
PointPoint--toto--Point ProtocolPoint ProtocolFor connections toFor connections toLANsLANs
Object ExchangeObject ExchangeProtocol ForProtocol Forsyncronisationsyncronisation
TCP/UDP/IPTCP/UDP/IPFor internetFor internet
Copyright: Lars Erik Baugstø (FoU)
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Profiles => InteroperabilityProfiler specified in v1.0b
� Generic Access Profile� Service Discovery
Application Profile
� Serial Port Profile� Dial-up Networking
Profile� LAN Access Profile� Headset Profile� Fax Profile
� Cordless TelephonyProfile
� Intercom Profile
� Generic Object ExchangeProfile
� Object Push Profile� File Transfer Profile� Synchronization Profile
Source: Lars Svenkerud
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
New Profiles
� Car Profile� Personal Area Networking (PAN) profile� Wake-up Profile� Human Interface Device (HID)
over Bluetooth profile� Printing Profile� Still Image Profile� Extended Service Discovery Profiles� Local Positioning Profile� Audio/Video Profile
Source: Lars Svenkerud
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Bluetooth WLAN (802.11, 802.11b) UMTSData rate 4-700 kbps 4-6 Mbps Up to 384 kbps (10 Mbps)Range 10 m, up to 100 m 100 meter 300 m – 5 km# simultaneoususers
7 10 – 50 depending on application 10 – 50 (application)
Frequencyband
2,4 GHz (85 MHz) 2,4 GHz (3 x 26 MHz) 2.1 GHz (45 MHz)
Transmitpower
1 mW, 2.5 or 100 mW 100 mW 1 W
Interfaces ADSL, Ethernet, ISDN, PSTN,USB, RS232
Primary Ehernet SS7, IP (All-IP)
Security Medium Low HighMobility Portable Portable Mobile (250 km/h)Support forvoice
Yes Only VoIP Yes
Type of clients Inbuilt in PC, PDA, MobilePhone, PC-card, CF-card,Memory Stick (Sony), SSD-card,USB dongle, RS-232 Dongle
Inbuilt in PC, PC-card, CF-card,RS-232 dongle and Ethernetdongle
Mobile Phone, PC-card
Powermanagement
Yes Proprietary solutions Yes (fast)
# of parallelsystems
15 – 50 depending on application 3 3 - 6
Interoperability Yes Through WECA, not throughstandard
YES
Bluetooth, WLAN and UMTS
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Conclusion: Bluetooth, WLAN andUMTS� Bluetooth and WLAN are not competing, but almost
”complementary”� Bluetooth: Interconnectivity of devices (Mobile Phone, PDA,
Camera, Stereo, PC), Voice support, PAN� WLAN: Data connectivity LAN� UMTS: high security, QoS applications WAN
� WLAN Bluetooth coveragesimilar (Bluetooth with 20 dBm)
� Interference:– Sharing same radio spectrum (ISM band)– WLAN is more affected than Bluetooth (fast hopping, bandwidth)
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
OutlineTrends in Services and User interaction
– ”Exactly what I want, when I want it”
– Youngster: Developing services for young customers
– Need for personalised service, profile and context dependent
Wireless Access: the dilemma of radio capacity– Radio capacity and coverage
– Trends and technologies in radio transmission
WLAN and GSM/UMTS evolutions– Telecom evolution, from 1G to 4G
– UMTS, basics, applications and network planning
– From WLAN to Cellular Internet
Global and Seamless Mobility– Mobility handling: Mobile IP, GSM/UMTS
– Seamless Mobility: Personalised access
Beyond 3G: “The Era of Personalisation”– B3G: Wireless and Mobile Broadband Access
– Key items
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Mobility: Classification according tothe availability
� Continuous mobility enables continuous availability ofservices while the user moves.
� Discrete mobility enables the availability of services withincertain areas and for certain access points, e.g home andoffice, but not while moving from one area to another.
� Portability is an example of discrete terminal mobility, whereit is only allowed to move a terminal from one plug toanother.
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Technology
Mobility Management – Micro Mobility andMobile IP
Macro Level Mobility
Micro Level Mobility
Mic
roM
ob
ility
Mo
bile
IP
UP
BACK
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Correspondent
MobileIP MobilityMobile IP – the long term vision (UMTS rel. 6)
– HA, FA
– IPv6– real-time requirements?
Home Agent
IP NETWORK
Router
Mobile Host
Foreign network
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
IN based MobilityIN based roaming– virtual MSN, allocated via D-channel
– data versus voice– ”Open access at home?”
– CTP profile (cordless telephony)
NT1Blue-tooth
ISDN
friend/hot-spot
NT1Blue-tooth
ISDN
homeIN
virtualMSN
GSM/GPRS/UMTS
public
GSM/GPRScore network
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
GSM/GPRS/UMTS MobilityEricsson product: Mobile@Home
Public: Mobile phone
Privat/corporate/hot-spot: Bluetoothaccess public
GSM/GPRS/UMTSGSM/GPRScore network
BSC
NT Blue-tooth
Ethernet
homeADSL
HomeBSC
Blue-tooth
Ethernet
hot-spot/corporate
LAN
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Candidate: MobileServiceProfileEricsson Bluetooth Home Base Station
HLR - home locationregisterMSC - mobileswitching centreUTRAN - UMTS radioaccess networkBSS - Base stationsubsystemSGSN - serving GPRSsupport nodeGGSN - gatewayGPRS support nodeHBS - Home basestationHBSC - Home basestation controller
HBS HBSC
MSC
SGSN
GPRSCore
GGSNMSC
SGSN
HLR
tunnel
CallServersApps.Apps.
Apps.
tunnel
Fixed IPaccessnetwork
IAD
Router
IP Network
Fixed accessnetwork
UTRAN
BSS
Copyright: Ericsson
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
B3G element: Seamless &Personalised Access
public
GSM/GPRS/UMTSMobility:
GSM/GPRS,Mobile IP,
n.n.
BSCHA, FA
NT(1) Wire-less
Ethernet
homeISDN,ADSL
PrivatSupport
Wire-less
Ethernet
hot-spot/corporate
LAN
Seamless MobilityCommon authentication in the network
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
OutlineTrends in Services and User interaction
– ”Exactly what I want, when I want it”
– Youngster: Developing services for young customers
– Need for personalised service, profile and context dependent
Wireless Access: the dilemma of radio capacity– Radio capacity and coverage
– Trends and technologies in radio transmission
WLAN and GSM/UMTS evolutions– Telecom evolution, from 1G to 4G
– UMTS, basics, applications and network planning
– From WLAN to Cellular Internet
Global and Seamless Mobility– Mobility handling: Mobile IP, GSM/UMTS
– Seamless Mobility: Personalised access
Beyond 3G: “The Era of Personalisation”– B3G: Wireless and Mobile Broadband Access
– Key items
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
GSM,GPRS,UMTS,Hiperlan,DECT
LMDS, DVB, DAB, WLL
CATV, el. power
The wireless access
Hiperlan,WLAN,DECT,Bluetooth
ISDN,xDSL
SAT broadcast
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Who will dominate the market?
Mobile Network operators� Place in value chain
(SIM = customer relation)� Location services
� One-stop-shopping =seamless connectivity
Support from:
� Nokia, opens 8210 operativesystem (Symbian)
IT-industry� .net functionality =
passport.com, hotmail.com� Windows with authentication
mechanisms
� Platform for PC and PDAs,Intel and TI support
� PhoneEdition on PocketPC,wireless digital assistant
Create win-win:� Seamless access to personalised services
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
EURESCOM P1046 conclusions
UMTS network will not have sufficient bandwidth to support allNext Generation (NG) servicesEasier access to faster information services at any place
– Interworking: WLAN/Bluetooth and UMTS/GSM– Interworking: Broadcast (DAB/DVB) and UMTS/GSM
Short term (2001): WEB browsing with WLAN/Bluetooth devices,local mobilitySecond stage (2003): MobileIP handoverThird stage (2004): Integration (tight coupling) of other accessnetworks in UMTSMobile operators will dominate:
– Current place in the value chain where they ”own” the customerrelationship
– Provider of mobile location services– Corporate customers prefer wireless suppliers that are both Network
Provider and Service Provider for major investments
www.eurescom.de/public/projects/p1000-series/P1046
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Customer with wireless accessto fixed and mobile networks
Generic ContentDatabase
Service/Fixed/Mobile Operator
Our position in the value chain
Hot spot owner,e.g. bus
ContentproviderAdvertisement
LocalInformation
SupplypersonalisedPortal content
Roaming toother networks
SecurityInfrastructure
Filter/Adjust/Adapt
Personalprofile
- Authentication, Security- Roles, Context- Location- Community
Dynamic access profile:- Radio environement- Terminal equipment
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Personalised Information Provision
Informationprovider
News ticker:SoccerAccidentetc
Profiledatabase
LocationInformation
Agenda
Interesting?
Inform user?Information scaling
Terminal, radiocapabilities?Personalised
Service1:0
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
The Era of Personalisation
Personalisation
Sectors: location & community
hom
e
…,
offic
e
hot -
spot
h eal
th&
c ar e
,… fa
mily
my
neig
hbou
rhoo
d,
…,
my
coun
try
tour
ist,
…
car,
…
sectors can be transferred into “Phases in life”
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
What are “phases in life”?
Physical- Skeleton strength- Muscle strength- Co-ordination
Cognitive- Feelings/Reason- Reality/Fantasy- Individual/Corporate
Social- Dependent/
Independent
Source: Per Helmersen (Telenor)
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Communication significant phases in life� 0-2 years,� 3-5 years,� 5-9 years, can use communication equipment� 11-14 years, they are equals� 15-19 years, they are unique� 20-29 years, they are independent� 30-54 parents
– phases of life=ways of life– new start (the mean age for 2nd marriage is 37 years)
� 55-79 the new independence� 80+ old age (same as 30-55 years, grandparents, active seniors, home for
the elderly, home care)
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Key elements of Personalisation(operator’s vision)
• Seamless access ⇒ GSM/UMTS, WLAN, Bluetooth• Personalised access
⇒ Mobile Phone authentication with help of Bluetooth• Personalised services ⇒ Profiles with API support
• Solutions for each market segment- home market- health & care- community (social, local, regional)
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
B3G element: Personalised access
Every customer has amobile phone
The mobile phone is theauthentication centre
Other devices use the SIMin a distributed network
Seamless login
Personalised accessThrough SIM-card identification
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
The vision ahead: An Open Network
ISDN
Ethernet / USB Cable
ADSLOpenGateway
PAN
LocationCommunityContext, creation
User profileUser behaviour
User roles
Personalised & MobileApplications
1) Data connectivity
2) Voice support
3) Remote control4) Entertainment/Games
5) Open access withpersonalised services
Personalised services in an open networkThrough user profile
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Relationship with respect to yourprofile
ServiceA
ServiceB
segmentedprofile
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
”Public” Access
Public Access is everywhere (outside of your home)Vision: Open access network
Scenario Description, examples
Public Local Information Limited free info from a Bluetooth Access Point,e.g. in museums, for timetables, etc.
General Public Access The basic “Web everywhere” example: Internet,web mail, information services, etc.(+) Access to private mail(+) Extra security, access to corporate LANSemi-
privateSemi Private Access Hotels, sports/social clubs. Limited group of people
Corporate Corporate visited Conference rooms (+ whole campus)Local information(+) Full Internet access
Corporate employee Standard access to corporate LAN
Private Private visited Temporary visitor to your home
Open Privat Everybody who is in range can use the access
General PrivateAccess
Priority for permanent residents of house
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Open Network Architecture
Millions of fixed lines function asfeeder lines for open pico-basestations
LEX
Subscribers’fixed lines
UMTS
GSM/GPRSVirgate
+
Supported by seamless authenticationbased on the Mobile Phone
Personalised and broadband services
Ke
yite
m:O
pen
com
mun
icat
ions
betw
een
devi
ces
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Vision versus reality?
source: O. Røstbakken, Telenor R&D
Fixed
Walk
Vehicle
200 kbit/s 2 Mbit/s 20 155 Mbit/s20 kbit/s
Mob
ility
Bandwidth
HIPERLANIEEE 802.11
UMTS/IMT-2000
HIPERLINK, LMDS
GSM/GPRS
DECT
Bluetooth
It is simple It is personalised
It works
DAB
DVB
4G:Bandwidth & Interworking
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
The B3G-terminal?
2001 2005 2008/2010
Service Network
2G/GPRSServices
Packet andcircuit switched
Packet switchedonly
Open Services Access
Cyberworld
Ubiquitous Services
Community PersonalNetwork
Core Network
UMTSUMTS R5
ProgrammableNetworks
IP Backbone
ModularProtocols
QoS Mobility
Access Network
GERAN PAN
WLAN ++
Ad Hoc
New CellularUbiquitous
accessIP AccessWLAN
TerminalTechnology Multi-
modeSW
RadioSingle-mode
reconfigurability
PAN…wearables,open architecture(s)
RadioTechnology
CDMATDMA
OFDM
MIMO UWB SW Radio
WRC’03 WRC’06
MSS HAS
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Beyond 3G – keywords
2000 2005 2010
Access Network
GERAN PAN
WLAN ++
Ad Hoc
New CellularUbiquitous
accessIP AccessWLAN
TerminalTechnology
Multi-mode SW
RadioSingle-mode
reconfigurability
PAN, wearables, openarchitecture(s)
RadioTechnology
CDMATDMA
OFDM
MIMO UWB SW RadioWRC’03 WRC’06
MSS HAS
Service Aspects
2G/GPRSServices
Packet andcircuit switched
Open Services Access
Cyberworld
Ubiquitous Services
Community PersonalNetwork
Packet switchedonly
Core Network
UMTSUMTS R5
ProgrammableNetworks
IP Backbone
ModularProtocols
QoS Mobility
�User needs, market trends, business models�Service architectures, service elements, -creation, -provision and –discovery�Next generation networks and networkintegration�Self configuring wireless networks and ad-hoc networking�Future access networks�Innovative radio interfaces, smart spectrumand antennas�Mobile security architecture�Visionary framework, roadmaps, referencemodels and public opinion�Pilot system development, validation andfield trials
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Beyond 3G – players and relations
� WWRF: Wireless WorldResearch Forum
� WWRI: Wireless WorldResearch Initiative – commonEURESCOM/WWRF ISTproject
� WWIP: Expression of Interest(EoI) from WWRF
� B3G: EoI from EURESCOM
� WWI: Wireless World InitiativeSuggestion for 6th framework
WWRF EURESCOM
steering board
WWRI
WWIP B3G
P1145
P1203
WWI: Systems beyond 3G
radio network smart lifeservices
ideas
ideas
co-operation
ystemview
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
WWI - structure
Smart MobileLife
Management
Service &Applications
AmbientNetworks
NewRadioB3G System view
Integrated projectsStrategicproject
18.10.2002 Josef Noll Towards global mobility
Conclusions
Radio is the key success factors for an operator“Always best connected”: Person-to-Person communicationand personalised servicesOperators have key-elements of personalised services
– Seamless access Common authentication in the network
– Personalised access Through SIM-card identification
– Personalised services in an open network Through userprofile
Combine the best: Authentication by SIM and wirelessaccess from all networksRequires … much more than just
co-operation between fixed and mobileseamless connectivity between PAN, LAN and GSM/UMTSone personal WEB page