Toward Effective Toward Effective Trilateral Development Trilateral Development

CooperationCooperationDominique NjinkeuDominique NjinkeuExecutive DirectorExecutive Director

International Lawyers and Economists Against International Lawyers and Economists Against Poverty (ILEAP)Poverty (ILEAP)

Delhi, August 12-13, 2008Delhi, August 12-13, 2008

Structure of PresentationStructure of Presentation

• Background on TDC: Who and what?Background on TDC: Who and what?

• Profiling the partners in TDCProfiling the partners in TDC

• Experiences and Lessons Learned Experiences and Lessons Learned

• Broadening the concept: Multilateral Broadening the concept: Multilateral frameworks frameworks

• Broadening the concept: Non-state-Broadening the concept: Non-state-actorsactors

• Concluding remarksConcluding remarks

BackgroundBackground

Aid has worked in some economies. Aid has worked in some economies. • But others lagging, aid dependent, little But others lagging, aid dependent, little

transformation to higher growth pathstransformation to higher growth paths• Two broad sources of failure Two broad sources of failure

– design and delivery: Paris Declaration design and delivery: Paris Declaration – constraints to aid effectiveness: constraints to aid effectiveness:

knowledge of local economic, cultural knowledge of local economic, cultural and political conditions. and political conditions.

Main questionMain question: can TDC help?: can TDC help?

BackgroundBackground

•TDC: TDC: – member of the OECD-DAC: Aid member of the OECD-DAC: Aid

practices aligned to DAC practices aligned to DAC standardsstandards

– Emerging donor (ED): Emerging donor (ED): Resources + expertiseResources + expertise

– Recipients: countries, Recipients: countries, multilaterals, NSAsmultilaterals, NSAs

Profiling the recipients: the bottom Profiling the recipients: the bottom billion (Weak, disadvantaged, billion (Weak, disadvantaged, failing states )failing states )

•Poverty-trapPoverty-trap– Conflicts and poor governanceConflicts and poor governance– Low human developmentLow human development– Natural resource Natural resource – Access to marketsAccess to markets

Profiling cooperation countriesProfiling cooperation countries e.g. China e.g. China

Focus on African long-term objectives Focus on African long-term objectives – Competing business interests, good Competing business interests, good

governance and rule of law governance and rule of law – Energy security (at any cost?); Energy security (at any cost?); commodity,commodity,

climate and environmental security climate and environmental security – Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative

(EITI); Forest Law Enforcement, Governance (EITI); Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT)and Trade (FLEGT)

– TTransparency in aid and loan ransparency in aid and loan allocation, debt build-upallocation, debt build-up

Possible way: TDCPossible way: TDC; ; Paris DeclarationParis Declaration

Experiences and Lessons Experiences and Lessons Learned: Institutional buildingLearned: Institutional building• Experience of institutional transformation in Experience of institutional transformation in

Thailand and BrazilThailand and Brazil• Thai International Cooperation Program Thai International Cooperation Program

(TICP) and Brazilian Cooperation Agency or (TICP) and Brazilian Cooperation Agency or ABC : cooperation center for others ABC : cooperation center for others

• Provided direct assistance Provided direct assistance – on HRD, dispatch of experts, and on HRD, dispatch of experts, and

provision of equipment. provision of equipment. – Areas: fisheries, agriculture, security, Areas: fisheries, agriculture, security,

health (particularly HIV/AIDS), use of bio-health (particularly HIV/AIDS), use of bio-fuels ethanol and bio-diesel). fuels ethanol and bio-diesel).

Experiences and Lessons Learned: Experiences and Lessons Learned: Japanese Support to Transfer of Know-Japanese Support to Transfer of Know-how how

• Japanese aid success in nurturing Japanese aid success in nurturing emerging donor to assume center stage emerging donor to assume center stage in aid delivery to other recipients of in aid delivery to other recipients of development aid: Thailand development aid: Thailand

• Joint Japan Human Resources Joint Japan Human Resources Development Fund (JHRDF) - UNDP effort Development Fund (JHRDF) - UNDP effort on the development of the NERICA (New on the development of the NERICA (New Rice for Africa) overseen by the West Rice for Africa) overseen by the West African Development Association African Development Association (WARDA)(WARDA)

Experiences and Lessons Learned: Experiences and Lessons Learned: TICADTICAD

• TICAD: a consultation framework on African TICAD: a consultation framework on African development challenges and defining the development challenges and defining the underpinnings of Japanese aid strategy. underpinnings of Japanese aid strategy.

• TICAD I: ownership and Asia-Africa cooperation; TICAD I: ownership and Asia-Africa cooperation; • TICAD II: promoting a proactive role of the TICAD II: promoting a proactive role of the

state, good governance and democratization of state, good governance and democratization of political systems. political systems.

• TICAD III: norms and institutions that protect TICAD III: norms and institutions that protect and empower people and communities; and empower people and communities; exchange on NEPAD. exchange on NEPAD.

• TICAD IV, in 2008, promoting economic growth, TICAD IV, in 2008, promoting economic growth, human security and environmental issues. human security and environmental issues.

Broadening the concept: Broadening the concept: United Nations system a key United Nations system a key playerplayer• Universal presence and neutrality positions UN Universal presence and neutrality positions UN

as a knowledge-based organization for as a knowledge-based organization for exchange of development experience.exchange of development experience.

• Global program: facilitate interregional Global program: facilitate interregional exchange and learning; maximizes the exchange and learning; maximizes the synergies of knowledge sharing.synergies of knowledge sharing.

• Regional programs: share best practices and Regional programs: share best practices and draw attention to innovation. draw attention to innovation.

• TDC has been happening through the TDC has been happening through the Emerging Donors Initiative (EDI) in putting in Emerging Donors Initiative (EDI) in putting in place delivery mechanisms compatible with place delivery mechanisms compatible with DAC standards DAC standards

Broadening the concept: Non-Broadening the concept: Non-States ActorsStates Actors• Emergence of NSA producing research and Emergence of NSA producing research and

informing policy formulation and informing policy formulation and implementationimplementation

• Research institutions and networks : Research institutions and networks : evidence-based decision-makingevidence-based decision-making

• NSA focusing on advocacy and or bringing in NSA focusing on advocacy and or bringing in the policy debate various stakeholders, the policy debate various stakeholders, particularly the poor and marginalized particularly the poor and marginalized segments of the population. segments of the population.

• Role of local NSA, particularly the researchers, Role of local NSA, particularly the researchers, in promoting evidence-based decisions and in promoting evidence-based decisions and much-needed focus on longer-term objectives much-needed focus on longer-term objectives

Concluding remarksConcluding remarks

1.1. Conflicts and poor governance: Conflicts and poor governance: 1.1.concerted efforts to harmonize concerted efforts to harmonize

interventionsinterventions2.2.CC: China, India; CC: China, India; regional partnersregional partners

(Nigeria, South Africa, RECs..); NSAs(Nigeria, South Africa, RECs..); NSAs2.2. Low human development: agricultural Low human development: agricultural

transformation and otherstransformation and others1.1.Study each sector and recipient to Study each sector and recipient to

identify cooperation countryidentify cooperation country2.2.CC: Brazil, India, Asia for Africa; CC: Brazil, India, Asia for Africa;

regional partners; regional partners; NSAsNSAs

Concluding remarksConcluding remarks

3. Natural resource : 3. Natural resource :

a.a. Importance of initiatives such as the Importance of initiatives such as the EITIEITI

b.b. All countries + NSAsAll countries + NSAs

4. Access to markets: 4. Access to markets:

a.a. privileged access + AFTprivileged access + AFT

b.b. DAC + cooperation countries providing DAC + cooperation countries providing resourcesresources

c.c. All countries + NSAsAll countries + NSAs

Concluding remarksConcluding remarks

5. More work on the concept required 5. More work on the concept required

• Scholarly work on the concept e.g. Scholarly work on the concept e.g. benchmarking and counterfactual benchmarking and counterfactual analysisanalysis

• Costs and benefits were not Costs and benefits were not addressed: Case studiesaddressed: Case studies

• Broadening the scope to include the Broadening the scope to include the NSAs?NSAs?