tourism development plan - mumbai
TRANSCRIPT
1
Draft Copy
A Report on the Assessment of Tourism Projects in Mumbai
&Proposed Interventions
Prepared by:
Fortress Infrastructure Advisory Services
Submitted to:
Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation
Tourism Development Plan
MUMBAI SUBURBAN
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CONTENTS
SECTION 1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
OVERVIEW OF TOURISM
GLOBAL SCENARIO
NATIONAL SCENARIO
STATE SCENARIO: MAHARSHTRA
ABOUT MUMBAI
AREA & DIVISIONS
MUMBAI SUBURBS
FACTS & FIGURES – 1.0
PHYSICAL ENVIORNMENT
TRADE & ECONOMY
SECTOR GROWTH & TRENDS
MUMBAI’S PUBLIC TRANSPORT
MUMBAI TOURISM
FACTS & FIGURES – 1.1
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GLOBAL CITIES
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDIAN CITIES
SECTION 2
GEOGRAPHICAL PATTERNS
TOURISM DRIVERS OF MUMBAI
TOURISM DRIVERS OF MUMBAI
ATTRACTIONS/ASSETS OF MUMBAI
MUMBAI’S FESTIVALS
MUMBAI’S CUISINE
STREET SHOPPING IN MUMBAI
EDUCATION
HEALTHCARE
MUMBAI’S INTANGIBLE ASSETS
MUMBAI SUBURBS DETAILED PROFILE
CLASSIFICATION OF TOURIST DESTINATIONS IN MUMBAI SUBURBS
TOURIST DESTINATIONS CURRENT STATUS
LEISURE: Juhu, Madh Island, Aksa, Versova, Gorai, Powai, Bandstand/Carter Road, Essel World,
ECO: Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Aarey Milk Colony
BUSINESS CENTER: BandraKurla Complex
RELIGIOUS: Mount Mary’s Church, Iskcon Temple, Global Vipassana Pagoda
HERITAGE: Bandra Fort, Mahakali Caves, Jogeshwari Caves
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SECTION 3
VISION, MISSION & OBJECTIVES
STRENGTHS& WEAKNESSES OF MUMBAI
CHALLENGES
SEVEVEN ESSENTIAL PILLARS FOR TOURISM
PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS
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5
SECTION I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
OVERVIEW OF TOURISM
GLOBAL SCENARIO
NATIONAL SCENARIO
STATE SCENARIO: MAHARSHTRA
ABOUT MUMBAI
AREA & DIVISIONS
MUMBAI SUBURBS
FACTS & FIGURES – 1.0
PHYSICAL ENVIORNMENT
TRADE & ECONOMY
SECTOR GROWTH & TRENDS
MUMBAI’S PUBLIC TRANSPORT
MUMBAI TOURISM
FACTS & FIGURES – 1.1
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GLOBAL CITIES
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDIAN CITIES
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Secondary Research On The Basis Of
Reports And Articles Found In The Public
Domain
Primary Research, And Site Visits To
Assess The Current Status Of Existing
Tourist Atttractions
Inputs From Key Stakeholders And
Recommendations
Summary Of Findings, Current
Status, Assessment And Proposed Interventions
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
Mumbai, the capital of Maharashtra is the gateway to Modern
India. It has a vibrating and pulsating life. A confluence of varied
cultural currents and cross currents has given Mumbai a unique
position in the group of multi - ethnic cities in the world. The city,
formerly known as Bombay lies on the Konkan coast of Western
India. It boasts of being the Financial, Commercial and
Entertainment Capital of India and has a principal port on the
Arabian Sea.
Tourism is one of the most essential factors in the development of
Mumbai. The Cosmopolitan culture of Mumbai offers its tourists
multi religious spots like Mumbai Devi Temple, Siddhivinayak
Temple, Haji Ali Mosque, Mt. Mary’s Church and many more. The
city also has several historical monuments like Gateway of India,
Elephanta Caves, Kanheri Caves etc.
It is one of the few cities in the world that can offer a unique tourist experience in terms of:
• History and heritage
• Eco- Nature Tourism- Home to the World’s Largest National Park in an Urban Area
• Water fronts and beaches
• Art/Culture – Performing Arts – Theatre and Cinema
• Diverse Cuisines
• Amalgamation of Multiple Religions
• Tourism Experience by Night – A Safe and vibrant experience anytime
Fortress Infrastructure Advisory Services, a division of Fortress Financial Services Ltd has been
appointed by the Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation (MTDC) for ‘Assessment and
Preparation of a Detailed Report for the Development of Various Tourism Projects in Mumbai’.
Approach & Methodology
The broad approach and methodology followed for study of this project has been depicted
graphically below:
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INDIRECT
Travel & Tourism
Contribution
T&T investment
spending
Government
collective T&T
spending
Purchase &
Procurement
INDUCED
Contribution
(Spending of direct
& indirect
employees)
Food & beverages
Recreation
Clothing
Housing
TOTAL
Travel & Tourism
contribution
To GDP
To Employment
OVERVIEW
OF TOURISM
An overview of the importance
of the tourism industry; an
emerging sector full of
promise in the near future.
The World Tourism Organization defines Tourists as “people traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes".
Travel & Tourism is an important economic activity in most countries around the world. As well as its direct economic impact, the industry has significant indirect and induced impacts. With economy prosperity and growth coupled with high disposable income, globalization, and increase in standard of living; more freedom has been given than ever before to people, to travel around, which continues to fuel growth. Travel and tourism has also been a major contributor to growth in other sectors like hospitality, health care, travel operators, retail etc. Similarly, growing international trade – particularly from emerging markets – will sustain business travel demand. Nations have started understanding the importance of tourism’s contribution to the national economy and from recent years, the sector has been receiving high importance.
The diagram below, gives a wider impact of direct and indirect contributions and industries
impacted by tourism industry, contributing to nations’ economy and welfare.
DIRECT
Travel & Tourism Contribution
COMMODITIES:
Accommodation
Transportation
Entertainment
Attractions
INDUSTRIES:
Accommodation Services
Food & Beverage Services
Retail Trade
Transportation Services
Cultural Sports & Recreational
Services
SOURCES OF SPENDING:
Residential domestic T&T
spending
Businesses’ domestic travel
spending
Visitor exports
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A GLOBAL
SCENARIO
Present contribution of
tourism sector to global
economy along with
anticipated contribution in
coming years.
9% to global GDP – 2011
Expected to rise to 10% in
coming years
Annual growth rate – 4%
By 2022, 1 of 10 jobs will be
in the Tourism sector
Will be key economic driver
in coming years
NATIONAL SCENARIO
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2009201020112012
DIRECT CONTRIBUTION OF TRAVEL & TOURISM TO GDP
In 2011, Tourism contributed 9% of global GDP or a value of over US$ 6 trillion and accounted for 255 million jobs.
Over the next ten years this industry is expected to grow by an average of 4% annually, taking it to 10% of global GDP, or approx. US$10 trillion.
By 2022, it is anticipated that Travel and Tourism will account for 328 Mn jobs i.e.1 in every 10 jobs in the world.
2011 was one of the most challenging years ever experienced by the global Travel & Tourism industry. However, latest research by World Tourist Council suggests that, despite political upheaval, economic uncertainty and natural disasters, the industry’s direct contribution to world GDP grew by nearly 3% to US$ 2 trillion and directly generated 1.2 million new jobs.
This was supported by a 3% increase in visitor exports to US $1.2 trillion, with almost 3% growth in capital investment, which rose to over US$0.7 trillion.
CONTRIBUTION OF TOURISM SECTOR TO INDIA’S GDP AND EMPLOYMENT.
The direct contribution of Travel & Tourism to India’s GDP in 2011 was INR 1,689.8 Bn (1.9% of GDP). This is forecast torise by 7.6% to INR1,818.5 Bn in 2012.This primarily reflects the economic activity generated by industries such as hotels, travel agents, airlines and other passenger transportation services (excluding commuter services). Though, it also includes, for example, the activities of the restaurant and leisure industries directly supported by tourists.
The direct contribution of Travel & Tourism to GDP is expected to grow by 7.7% pa to INR3,805.2Bn by 2022.
Travel & Tourism generated 24,975,000 jobs directly in 2011 (5.0% of total employment) and this is forecast to grow by 3.0% in 2012 to 25,733,500 (5.0% of total employment).This includes employment by hotels, travel agents, airlines and other passenger transportation services(excluding commuter services). It also includes, for example, the activities of the restaurant and leisure industries directly supported by tourists.
By 2022, Travel & Tourism will account for 30,198,000 jobs directly, an increase of 1.6% per annum over the next ten years.
Source: World Travel Council
Inn
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STATE
SCENARIO MAHARASHTRA
A comprehensive chapter about Maharashtra’s present tourism scenario and potential that state has to offer
Maharashtra has 20.6 % of
Investment Of India ( Highest)
Most industrialized and
urbanized state of India
Ranked No. 1 in terms of
number of foreign tourist
visiting India
Wide range of tourist
offerings.
Maharashtra has immense tourist potential, which is currently underutilized. Though, the number of tourists visiting Maharashtra is one of the highest in India, very few tourists actually stay in the state. Maharashtra is mainly used as an entry and exit point to other destinations.
Maharashtra had total tourist arrivals of 60.14 million tourists in 2011, of which 55.33 million were domestic and 4.81 million were foreign tourists .In the domestic scenario, Maharashtra accounted for a mere 3.95% of the arrivals in India and was ranked seventh.
Rank States/UT
Foreign Tourists Visit in 2011
Number (%) Share
1 Maharashtra 4815421 24.7
2 Tamil Nadu 3373870 17.3
3 Delhi 2159925 11.1
4 Uttar Pradesh 1887095 9.7
5 Rajasthan 1351974 6.9
6 West Bengal 1213270 6.2
7 Bihar 972487 5.0
8 Kerala 732985 3.8
9 Karnataka 574005 2.9
10 Himachal Pradesh 484518 2.5
Maharashtra Tourism policy 2006: The policy plans to boost projects in the Private Sector, State Public Sector/Joint Sector and the Co-operative Sector. It aims to
Encourage Private Partnership
5% Reservation of the annual Infrastructure budget to provide for development of tourism infrastructure
Promote tourism in the rural and backward areas of the state
Promote Rural & Eco tourism
Fiscal benefits offered are: 50-100% exemption from Luxury Tax
100% exemption from Entertainment Tax/Amusement Tax
50-100% exemption from Stamp Duty
Electricity duty will be levied at Industrial rates
Property Tax shall be charged at Residential Rates
Special Consideration for mega tourism projects
Source: Ministry of Tourism
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“Ranked at ninth position,
Mumbai is among world's top
ten billionaire cities. Forbes Magazine 2010
“Mumbai is among the ‘Top 40
cities in the world’, in terms of
economic activity, political power, knowledge and influence, and quality of life. Source: The Wealth Report 2010,
Knight Frank
“Mumbai takes theleast
number of daystoStart a Business in India” Source: The world Bank study – 2009
“India's financial capital, Mumbai ranks first
in housing, city planning, socio-cultural
politicalenvironment and economic infrastructure
in India in the year 2010” – Source: CII-IFC Livability Index 2010
ABOUT
MUMBAI
“The City That Never Sleeps”
Capital of state, financial capital of the Nation
Largest city in India, 6th largest metropolis in the world
One of the most preferred tourist destinations of India
A global business hub
Fastest growing economy
Handles 30% of India's passenger traffic and 40 % of India’s international cargo
Renamed from Bombay, the city pulsates with a rare and potent vibrancy coming from its people. The city is the melting pot of diverse cultures from across India and home for many foreigners.
Mumbai is one of the biggest urban sprawls in the world. According to Knight Frank Global Cities Survey, Mumbai's prominence as a future city increase by 118 per cent, while that of Shanghai is just 91 per cent, and Sao Paolo 66 per cent, signifying the development pace of the city.
Though it constituted 0.14 per cent of the total area of the State, it accounts for 8.07 per cent of the population. According to 2011 censuses, Mumbai supports a population of 12,478,447 spread over 603.4 km2.
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AREA &
DIVISIONS For administrative purposes,
Greater Mumbai has been
divided into two different
districts i.e. Mumbai City &
Mumbai Suburbs. Total Area: 603.4 Sq.km
Under MCGM: 437.71 Sq.km
(The rest falls under forests,
defense & ports)
Area Under MCGM
Mumbai City: 97.56 Sq.km
Mumbai Suburbs: 374.69
Sq.km
Prior to 1950 Mumbai included only the Island City (South Mumbai). On April 15, 1950, the municipal limits of Mumbai were extended to incorporate Mumbai Suburban District.
On February 1, 1957 the Municipal Corporation limits were further extended by transferring a taluka (Borivali) and one village from Thane district to Bombay Suburban district. The current limits of the city have been in existence since 1957.
As per the Surveyor General of India, the geographical area of Mumbai is 603.4 km2. The city extends from Colaba in the south to Mulund, Mankhurd, and Dahisar in the north. The metropolis includes regions such as Defense lands, Mumbai Port Trust, Atomic Energy Commission and Borivali National Park which are outside the administrative jurisdiction of Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM formerly Bombay Municipal Corporation or BMC).
Greater Mumbai, the area under the political administration of the (MCGM), has a total area of 437.71 sq. km. The city consists of two distinct regions: Mumbai City district and Mumbai Suburban district, which form two separate revenue districts of Maharashtra. The geographical area of Mumbai Island City District is 157 sq. km. while the area under MCGM is 97.56 sq. km. Mumbai Suburban district has a geographical area of 446.00 sq. km. of which 374.69 sq. km. is under the jurisdiction of MCGM.
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MUMBAI
SUBURBS
More than 70%
population of Mumbai
lives in Mumbai suburbs.
Jurisdiction of Mumbai
Suburban district is from
Kurla to Trombay creek,
Kurla to Mulund and Bandra
to Dahisar.
Population: 9.3 Mn
Headquarters: Bandra
Administrative sub division:
Kurla, Andheri, Borivali
Mumbai Suburban along with Mumbai City district and other suburban communities make up the metropolis of Mumbai on Salsette Island.
According to the 2011 census, Mumbai Suburban district has a population of 9,332,481, spread over 374.69 sq. km. Mumbai Suburban consists of three administrative sub divisions or tehsils: Kurla, Andheri and Borivali, with its headquarters in Bandra.
The jurisdiction of Mumbai Suburban district is from Kurla to Trombay Creek, Kurla to Mulund and Bandra to Dahisar.
Mumbai Suburb Classification
South Central Chembur, Govandi, Trombay
North West Jogeshwari, Goregaon, Versova, Andheri, Juhu, Santacruz
North Borivali, Gorai, Dahisar, Kandivali, Malad
North Central Vile Parle, Kurla, Bandra
North East Mulund, Kanjurmarg, Powai, Ghatkopar, Vikhroli, Mulund
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FACTS &
FIGURES -1.0
Total Population:
12.47Mn
Mumbai City: 3.14Mn
(25.2%)
Mumbai Suburbs: 9.33Mn
(74.8%)
Density: 25000/Sq.Km
Unit/Year 1981 1991 2001 2011
Island City 3285 3175 3326 3145
Suburbs 4959 6751 8558 9332
Total 8243 9926 11914 12477
Density: 25000/Sq.Km
Distribution of Population in Mumbai (M. Corp), by City and Suburbs,
1981-2011 (%)
Growth rate of Population in Mumbai (M. Corp), by City and Suburbs,
1981-2011 (%)
Size of Population in Mumbai (M. Corp), by City and Suburbs, 1981-2011(Figures in 000s)
Spread over 603.4 Sq.km, Mumbai supports a population of over 12 million, with 75% of population living in Mumbai Suburbs. The average density of Mumbai is 25,000 persons per square kilometer as a whole and in some places it is even more than 50,000 persons per square kilometer. A high portion of population lives in slums.
Mumbai underwent significant changes, particularly since1961. The decrease in the relative share of population of the Island city continued. The trend towards suburbanization was very apparent, with the share of the suburbs increasing from 60% in 1981 to 75% in 2011
Source: Census of India
Segment/Year
Distribution
1981 1991 2001 2011
Island City 39.8 31.9 27.9 25.2
Suburbs 60.1 68.1 72.1 74.8
Total 100 100 100 100
Segment/Year
Growth Rate
1981 - 91 1991 - 01 2001 - 11
Island City -3.3 4.7 -5.4
Suburbs 36.1 26.7 9.0
Total 20.4 20.0 4.7
Unit/Year 1981 1991 2001 2011
Island City 3285 3175 3326 3145
Suburbs 4959 6751 8558 9332
Total 8243 9926 11914 12477
Greater Mumbai Density
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PHYSICAL
ENVIORNMENT
This chapter deals with physical
evolution of Mumbai city with
the amalgamation of 7 Islands
These islands were separated
till the beginning of 19th
century
These islets have been joined
through drainage and
reclamation projects, as well as
through the construction of
causeways and breakwaters
Today, Mumbai is composed of
seven island and four islands of
Mumbai suburban district
PHYSICAL
ENVIORNMENT
This chapter deals with physical
evolution of Mumbai city from
amalgamation of 7 Islands
These islands were separated
till the beginning of 19th
century, these islets have been
joined through drainage and
reclamation projects, as well as
through the construction of
causeways and breakwaters
Today, Mumbai is composition
of seven island city and four
islands of Mumbai suburban
district
Mumbai city lies on what were formerly two groups of islands,
stretching southward of the Ulhas estuary. The southern group
currently referred to as Mumbai Island City originally consisted of
seven separate islands. Since the 17th century, these islets have been
joined through drainage and reclamation projects, as well as through
the construction of causeways and breakwaters to form one landmass,
currently known as the Island City.
The northern island group - known as the Salsette group, on which the
present Mumbai Suburban District is situated, also consisted of a
similar group of seven islands. The district is named after the main and
the largest island of the group. These islands remained separate till the
beginning of the nineteenth century. Today, Mumbai City comprises
the merged seven islands of the Island City and four islands of Mumbai
Suburban District. Mumbai continues to develop essentially on
reclaimed lands.
The original seven islands of Mumbai City
1. Sion
2. Wadala
3. King’s Circle
4. Dadar
5. Parel
6. Lalbaug
7. Byculla
8. Grant Road
9. Mahalaxmi
10. Mumbai Central
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The Original Seven Islands of Mumbai Suburban District, 1893
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TRADE &
ECONOMY
Mumbai is the Global hub for
Trade and Industry
Home for MNCs and large
corporate houses
Generates 6.16% of the
Country’s GDP
Generates largest
employment opportunities in
the country
3rd
most expensive office
market in the world.
TRADE &
ECONOMY
Mumbai is the Global hub for
trade and economy
Home for MNCs and large
corporate houses
Generates 6.16% of the
Country’s GDP
Generates largest
employment opportunities in
the country
3rd
most expensive office
market in the world.
Mumbai is the base for:
IT industries
Banking & Financial institutes
Media & Entertainment
High-end manufacturing
Hospitality & healthcare
Some of the prominent Corporates with headquarters in Mumbai:
Foreign investors tend to look at India through the prism of Mumbai. Mumbai generates 6.16% of the Country’s GDP, contributing 10% of factory employment, 25% of industrial output, 33% of income tax
collections, 60% of customs duty collections, 20% of central excise tax collections, 40% of India's foreign trade and INR 4,000 Crore (US$728 million) incorporate taxes.
Mumbai’s vibrancy as a commercial destination, as home to RBI, NSE, BSE; as the home of bollywood, the country’s entertainment industry, and corporate headquarters of numerous Indian and multinational giants, makes it the commercial capital of India.
One of the city’s biggest advantages is the fact that its commercial activity is not restricted to a single location. Nariman Point, sometimes referred to as the ‘Manhattan of Mumbai’, has seen a decline in the last decade, but other commercial business districts such as Bandra-Kurla complex, Lower Parel, Andheri has been steadily rising, shifting the focus from South Mumbai to Mumbai Suburbs.
The Central Business District (CBD) which includes the micro market of Nariman Point, Fort, Ballard Estate, Cuffe Parade and Churchgate are no longer the only option for corporate. There is also a Secondary Business District (SBD) which includes micro markets of Andheri, BKC, Worli and the peripheral business districts of Goregaon,Malad, Powai – LBS Marg.
Different micro-markets attract a different kind of corporate. Andheri, Malad, Goregaon has the highest incidence of upcoming commercial projects. These areas are dominant by BFSI back offices, media, pharmaceuticals and FMCG industries, while central suburbs covering Chembur,Vikroli, Bhandup are home to small and large-scale manufacturing units, South Mumbai, BKC, Worli and Lower Parel tend to be favored by banking & financial institutes.
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TRADE &
ECONOMY
Pictures Gallery
Mumbai Central Business District
Clockwise: Influential Financial Institutions
National Stock Exchange
Reserve Bank of India
Bombay Stock Exchange
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Sector
Growth &
Trends
Once primarily dominated
by manufacturing sector,
the economy of Mumbai has
witnessed a paradigm shift
from secondary to the
tertiary sector of economy.
Service industry is now the
largest contributor to
Mumbai’s economy
Until the 1970s, Mumbai owed its prosperity largely to textile mills and the seaport, but the local economy has since been diversified to include engineering, diamond-polishing, healthcare and information technology.
In recent years, the mainstay of Mumbai’s economy has been the tertiary sector, which is also a key driver of growth in most large metropolitan economies. Earlier, in 50s-60s, Mumbai’s economy was dominated by manufacturing sector.
Industries producing a wide range of engineering products evolved into an extensive suburban manufacturing zone extending from Vikroli and Bhandup in the east to Andheri and Goregaon in the west. Petro-chemical and chemical industries developed in suburban areas such as Chembur-Trombay, Mulundetc.The manufacturing sector, which dominated the city’s economy, began to decline since the 80s.
The liberalization of economy in 1991 and impact of various government policies were one of the principal factors for changing the trade and economy scenario of Mumbai. More than half the foreign companies currently active in Mumbai were established after 1985and than a third after 1991.
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General view of Bombay - 1881
Mumbai’s Queen Necklace
20
PUBLIC
TRANSPORT
LIFE LINE OF
MUMBAI
Mumbai has excellent
connectivity to other
cities
Has been largest
organized bus transport
and local train network
between major Indian
cities
PUBLIC
TRANSPORT
LIFE LINE OF
MUMBAI
Mumbai has excellent
connectivity to other
cities
Has largest organized bus
transport and local train
network among major
Indian cities
RAIL:The Mumbai Suburban Railway, popularly known as “Local Trains” form the backbone of the city's transport system. About 72 lakh (7.2mn) people travel by the city's suburban train system every day. The Mumbai rail network is spread over 319 kilometers. Mumbai is also well connected to other cities of India.
BUS: Mumbai’s bus services carry over 5.5mn passengers per day. Public buses run by BEST cover almost all parts of the metropolis, as well as parts of Navi Mumbai, Thane &other MMR regions. The BEST operates a total of 4,608 buses and over 390 routes.
TAXI:Taxisply throughout Mumbai, but have monopoly existence from Bandra to Chruchgate and Sion to CST. About 58,000 taxis run over Greater Mumbai. Entrance of new players like Meru, Cool Cabetc; have further improved inter- city transport.
AUTO RICKSHAWS: Auto rickshaws are the most widely used public transport in Mumbai Suburbs.
ROAD: Mumbai is served by NH3, NH4, NH8, NH17 and NH222. The Bandra – WorliSeaLink along with Mahim causeway links the island city to the Western Suburbs. The three major road arteries of the city are Eastern Express highway from Sion to Thane, the Sion PanvelExpressway from Sion to Panvel and the Western Express Highway from Bandra to Borivali. The total length of the road network is 1941.172 km., out of which 506.480 km. are in the island city and 927.05 km. in the suburbs
AIR: Mumbai has two Airports-The Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport and Santa Cruz Domestic Airport, the second busiest airport in India in terms of passenger traffic. It handled 30.74 million passengers and 656,369 tonnes of cargo during FY 2011-12
SEA: Mumbai is served by two major ports, Mumbai Port Trust and Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust. JNPT is the most modern and busiest port of India, handling 55-60% of country’s total containerized cargo
Mumbai’s public transport system is its chief strength, and has been a contributing factor in the development and transformation of Mumbai.
It is in this spectrum that Mumbai stands above all. Public transport in Mumbai includes Mumbai Suburban Railway, Brihanmumbai Electric Supply & Transport (BEST) buses, Taxis, Auto Rickshaws and Ferries.
Suburban railway and BEST together accounts for 88% of passenger traffic.
Mumbai has the largest organized bus transport and local train network between major Indian cities but the Cities rising population has raised an alarm, calling for new initiatives to cater to the growing demand.
A lot of initiatives are being taken by the government to further strengthen the present transport system, to cater for the demand for the future.
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Mumbai’s Ferry
Mumbai Port Trust
Mumbai International Airport Local Train of Mumbai
Mumbai’s intermediate transport BEST buses - Mumbai
22
MUMBAI
TOURISM
Mumbai is Gateway to India
Most visited destination by
foreign travelers
Business is the major driving
force for the tourists
Wide range of tourist
offering from leisure to
historical and heritage
monuments
MUMBAI
TOURISM
Mumbai is Gateway to India
Most visited destination by
foreign travelers
Business is the major driving
force for the tourists
Wide range of tourist
offering from leisure to
historical and heritage
monuments
Tourist Arrival in Mumbai
Months Domestic Visitor Arrival in Mumbai – 2011
Foreign Visitor Arrival in Mumbai – 2011
January 27,17,633 1,76,432
February 26,16,521 1,56,735
March 25,75,980 1,48,531
April 24,72,123 1,43,712
May 26,08,030 1,56,855
June 25,24,053 1,72,209
July 17,62,909 93,702
August 16,86,111 81,367
September 18,45,983 83,935
October 24,93,446 1,46,902
November 26,19,456 1,45,807
December 27,69,607 1,66,260
Total 2,86,91,854 16,72,446
Mumbai is the “Gateway to India” for a vast majority of international travelers. In 2011, a total of 16, 72,446 foreign & 2, 86, 91,854 domestic tourists visited Mumbai. Most tourists visiting Mumbai come for business activities.
However, despite such a large number of international tourist arrivals, Mumbai region has not been able to become a tourist destination on the lines of London, Paris or even Kuala Lumpur and Singapore. These cities, apart from attracting business tourists, also attract a large number of leisure tourists.
At present, most of the international tourists coming to India prefer to move on to visit destinations such as Kerala, Goa and Rajasthan because there are not enough attractions in and around Mumbai to hold them here. Though the city has its historic and natural advantages as a “gateway” to the country, it has not been able to leverage these in order to position itself as a major tourism destination or to become an attractive destination for the wider “visiting friends and relatives” market.
Average stay of domestic guests is 4 days
compared to 3 days for foreign guests
inMumbai
Average stay of domestic guests is 4 days
compared to 3 days for foreign guest
inMumbai
79% of the foreign tourists / visitors to
the state of Maharashtra visit
Mumbai.25% of the total domestic
visitors to the state visit Mumbai
79% of the foreign tourists / visitors to
the state of Maharashtra visits
Mumbai.25% of the total domestic
visitors to the state visits Mumbai
The tourist
inflow is highest
in the month of
Dec & Jan, while
it is least in the
month of
August
The tourist
inflow is highest
in the month of
Dec & Jan, while
it is least in the
month of
August
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FACTS &
FIGURES- 1.1
International Arrival to Mumbai – by Geographic origin
Travelers Profile Visiting Mumbai
Source: Edelweiss research
15
16
14
10 8
6
5
26
US
West Asia
Africa
Asean
Germany
Japan
Others
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2005 2006 2007 2008
Airline Crew
Business
Leisure
Tour Group
Others
24
COMPARITIVE STUDY
OF SIMILAR GLOBAL CITIES
COMPARITIVE STUDY
OF SIMILAR GLOBAL CITIES
NEW YORK LONDON SINGAPORE MUMBAI Annual Visitors (International)
7.6 Mn 16.9 Mn 11.8 Mn 2 Mn
Visitor Spend (US $ Billions)
19.4 21.1 12.7 2.4
Overview Chief center of finance in the world economy with Wall Street located here
Center of many of the service sector industries in the U.S., with most Fortune 500 companies headquartered in the city.
Important center for American mass media, journalism and publishing.
Important Scene for art, music, and theatre.
London is one of the world's foremost financial, commercial, industrial, and cultural centers.
Numerous banks and investment companies have their headquarters here.
The city is rich in other artistic and cultural activities.
Sporting events draw large support from Londoners who follow cricket, soccer and Tennis.
Southeast Asia's most modern city.
Its unique ethnic tapestry affords visitors a wide array of sightseeing opportunities
Singapore has become a flourishing country that excels in trade and tourism and is a model to developing nations.
Mumbai is the commercial and entertainment capital of India
It is also one of the world's top 10 centers of commerce in terms of global financial flow
It is also home to some of India's premier scientific and nuclear institutes like BARC
The city also houses India's Hindi Film (Bollywood)
Comparing Mumbai with similar Global cities like New York,
London and Singapore, we can assess Mumbai’s Shortfalls and
learn from these cities in order to improve the tourist offerings in
Mumbai
Comparing Mumbai with similar Global cities like New York,
London and Singapore, we can assess Mumbai’s Shortfalls and
learn from these cities in order to improve the tourist offerings in
Mumbai
25
Tourism Offerings
Entertainment, Business, Leisure, Cultural
Business, Entertainment, Leisure, Cultural, Historical, Sports
Business, Entertainment, Leisure, Cultural
Business, Entertainment, Leisure, Cultural, Historical, Film
Key Tourist Attractions
Statue of Liberty
Rockefeller Plaza
Ground Zero
Times Square
Empire State Building
American Museum of Natural History
Madame Tussaud’s wax museum
Brooklyn Bridge
Buckingham Palace
British Museum
The Wallace Collection
Clock tower
Tower of London
London Bridge
Westminster Abbey
Trafalgar square
Wimbledon Village
Jurong Bird Park
Sentosa Island
Marina Bay
Singapore Flyer
Chinatown
Clarke Quay
Botanic Gardens
Gateway of India
Marine Drive
Elephanta Caves
Juhu Beach
Sanjay Gandhi National Park
Aarey Milk Colony
Tourism Initiatives
I NY Tourism Campaign Focusing on better transport, safety and cleanliness Fundamental planning changes in zoning of the city to allow construction of more hotel rooms De-bottlenecking of airports Increased marketing efforts
Film London, an initiative to boost Film tourism in London
The Merlion, is an icon of the Singapore destination Marketing of the city as a convention venue Development of tourism infrastructure Clean up of Singapore River and development of tourist amenities. Developed destination brand, Your Singapore
Development and upgradation of Current Tourist Spots
Tourism Authority
NYC & Company (official marketing, tourism and partnership organization)
London & Partners (official promotional organization)
Singapore Tourism Board Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation
Tourist Web http://www.iloveny.com http://www.visitlondon.com/ http://www.yoursingapore.com NA
26
GLOBAL
CITIES
TOURIST
INDEX
Top visited destinations
of the world
GLOBAL
CITIES
TOURIST
INDEX
Top visited destinations
of the world
Asia/Pacific Top 10 Destination Cities by International Visitors (2012)
No. Cities Visitors (Mn)
1 Bangkok 12.2
2 Singapore 11.8
3 Hong Kong 11.1
4 Kuala Lumpur 8.1
5 Seoul 8.0
6 Shanhgai 7.5
7 Beijing 6.2
8 Taipei 5.4
9 Tokyo 4.3
10 Jakarta 2.8
Mumbai 2.0
Global Top 20 Destination Cities by International Visitors
(2012)
Source: MasterCard Global destination cities index
No. Cities Visitors (Mn)
1 London 16.9
2 Paris 16.0
3 Bangkok 12.2
4 Singapore 11.8
5 Istanbul 11.6
6 Hong Kong 11.1
7 Madrid 9.7
8 Dubai 8.8
9 Frankfurt 8.1
10 Kuala Lumpur 8.1
11 Seoul 8.0
12 Rome 7.8
13 New York 7.6
14 Shanghai 7.5
15 Barcelona 7.3
16 Milan 7.1
17 Amsterdam 6.9
18 Vienna 6.7
19 Beijing 6.2
20 Taipei 5.4
Mumbai 2.0
27
COMPARITIVE STUDY OF
INDIAN CITIES
COMPARITIVE STUDY OF
INDIAN CITIES
JAIPUR HYDERABAD DELHI
Overview
Capital of Rajasthan and the largest city of the state Has some of the best forts and palaces of the royal families of Rajasthan. Known as the Pink city since all the old buildings were made of pink sandstone Considered by many urbanites to be one of the best planned cities.
Capital and largest city of Andhra Pradesh Multitude of masjids, temples, churches and bazaars in the city Known as The City of Pearls Hitec City is one of the modern monuments of trade and technology, which embodies the newfound attitude of Hyderabad
Delhi is the second most populous metropolis in India after Mumbai and the Capital of India Historically, it is one of the most important cites in India Delhi also has a lot of significance politically as it houses the "Rashtrapati Bhavan" and Other important govt. offices
Type of Tourism
Heritage and Cultural Heritage, Culturaland Business
Religious, Heritage and Cultural
Comparing Mumbai with other cities like Jaipur, Hyderabad and
Delhi, we can assess Mumbai’s Shortfalls and learn from these
cities in order to improve the tourist offerings in Mumbai
Comparing Mumbai with other cities like Jaipur, Hyderabad and
Delhi, we can assess Mumbai’s Shortfalls and learn from these
cities in order to improve the tourist offerings in Mumbai
28
Tourism Highlights
Palace on Wheels, a Luxury tourist train to promote Tourism in Rajasthan, passes through. Jaipur architecture is world famous because of its technical details and beauty, based on Indian Vastu concepts Jaipur’s palatial structures and prestigious history of royalty has been converted into hotels to create a romantic atmosphere for the traveller giving him an experience of living like the Maharaja's Gems and exquisite traditional handmade jewelry have a high demand among foreigners Variety of ethnic performing arts in the city, in terms of vocal and instrumental music, folk dances and puppet shows are major attractions for connoisseur tourists.
Chudi Bazaar, on the west of Charminar, is known for its exquisite bangles, jewelry and pearls. The City is known for its bazaars and shopping streets. Shilparamam is an arts and crafts village located in Madhapur,Hyderabad Golkonda Fort is famous for its acoustics, palaces, ingenious water supply system and the famous FatehRahben gun QutbShahi Tombs: These tombs are said to be the oldest historical monuments in Hyderabad. KBR National Park is a national park which also includes the Chiran Palace
Parliament of India, the RashtrapatiBhavan (Presidential Palace), Cabinet Secretariat and the Supreme Court of India. India Gate(a memorial raised in honor of the Indian soldiers who died during the Afghan wars and World War I), Connaught Place (one of the largest commercial areas in Delhi) and Lodhi Gardens monuments include the tombs of the Mughal Emperors like the Humayun's Tomb, Safdarjung Tomb and Lodi's Tomb, Qutub complex, Red Fort, Salimgarh Fort and ChandniChowk religious places of major religions like Jama Masjid, Akshardham Temple, Lotus Temple,Gurdwara Bangla Sahib
LESSONS FOR
MUMBAI
Jaipur has built on its rich heritage and history of royalty, to promote itself as one of the important tourist destinations in India. Mumbai can thus learn from Jaipur to harness the potential of its rich heritage and culture.
Hyderabad is famous for its Bazaars and shopping streets which become a major tourist attraction. Mumbai with its blend of cultures has a lot of ethnicity to display which is a major attraction for tourist especially international tourists. Thus, Mumbai can learn from Hyderabad to set up these arcades or build on existing shopping areas like Hill Road, Linking road Colaba Causeway etc. to attract tourists.
Delhi offers a wide variety of tourism products to a traveller, from Museums and Heritage sites to Government and Administrative Offices, from the old forts of the Mughal Era to Lutyen’s well-planned modern city. Mumbai can learn from this model to combine historical tourism with modern day marvelsto offer the tourist an attractive combination package.
29
30
SECTION II MUMBAI TOURISM EVOLUTION
GEOGRAPHICAL PATTERNS
TOURISM DRIVERS OF MUMBAI
ATTRACTIONS/ASSETS OF MUMBAI
MUMBAI’S FESTIVALS
MUMBAI’S CUISINES
STREET SHOPPING IN MUMBAI
EDUCATION
HEALTHCARE
MUMBAI’S INTANGIBLE ASSETS
MUMBAI SUBURBAN – CITIES PROFILE
CLASSIFICATION OF TOURIST DESTINATIONS OF MUMBAI SUBURBS
TOURIST DESTINATIONS CURRENT STATUS
LEISURE: Juhu, Madh Island, Aksa, Versova, Gorai, Powai, Bandstand/Carter
road, Essel World,
ECO: Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Aarey Milk Colony
BUSINESS CENTER: Bandra Kurla Complex
RELIGIOUS: Mount Mary Church, Iskcon Temple, Global Vipassana Pagoda
HERITAGE: Bandra Fort, Mahakali Caves, Jogeshwari Caves
31
MUMBAI
TOURISM –
EVOLUTION
This chapter delves into
the history behind the
various aspects that
make Mumbai a tourist
hub today.
Over the centuries, Mumbai has evolved from being marshy
land to a strategic trading port to a manufacturing center, to
its present day status as the leading financial and
commercial center of the country. From the original seven
islands, countless reclamation projects and expansions have
transformed it into the sprawling 603.4 km2 metropolis that
it is today.
Seven islands of Bombay
Bombay then Mumbai now
32
The city of multiple aliases
Mumbai was called Heptanesia (the land of seven islands) by Ptolemy in AD 150. The
Portuguese in 1538 christened it ‘Buon Bahia’, ‘Bom Bahia’ or ‘Bombaim’, meaning ‘the
good bay’. They also called it ‘a ilha da boa vida’, the island of good life, because of its
beautiful groves, its game and its abundance of food. The Hindu names for the islands have
also been many, among them Manbai, Mambai, Mambe, Mumbadevi, Bambai, and now
officially Mumbai.
The city has acquired several identities to match its multiplicity of names. It is the city of
skyscrapers and of slums, it the glamour capital of India and its financial centre, it has
modern marvels like the Bandra-Worli sea-link alongside world heritage sites such as
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus. It is the city of migrants, the city of dreams. It is the gateway
to India. It is the city that never sleeps. It is the seamless co-existence of all these identities
that makes this megapolis unique, attracting tourists from all over India and the world to
experience life in the maximum city.
‘The Good Bay’:view of the port of Bombay, c1890s
33
Chequered history
The ownership of the original seven islands changed hands several times in the course of
history. The religious diversity of the city can be attributed in part to the succession of
Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim and Christian rulers that ruled over the islands through the
centuries.
The seven islands were originally inhabited by the Kolis, a
tribal fishing community. It is their deity Mumbadevi that
has inspired the name ‘Mumbai’. Under the rule of the
Buddhist Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd Century BC, the
islands and the neighboring areas began to imbibe the
Buddhist influence. Kanheri, in present day Sanjay Gandhi
National Park, became a learning center of the Buddhist
monks, and a rest house for travelers through the forest.
Today, the caves at Kanheri have become an important
part of the cultural
heritage of the city.
34
From the Buddhists, the islands passed to a succession of Hindu dynasties which led to the
setting up of temples at various places, and the carving of the Hindu caves at Elephanta.
Several Hindu communities and tribes migrated to Bombay during these years, among
them the Pathare Prabhus, Brahmins, Agris, Bhois and Vadvals. These communities made
Bombay their home and their settlements in the suburbs have flourished to this day.
The Mohammedans (Muslims) from Gujarat were the next to acquire the islands from the
Hindu rulers in 1343. Under their rule, mosques were built on the islands adding to the
religious plurality, though at present, only the mosque at Mahim remains from this period.
With the proselytizing Portuguese acquiring the islands in 1534, yet another religious
community was added to the melting pot of Bombay, and churches were built for the
converted fishermen, along with cathedrals and monasteries.
In the years to come, under the British Empire, Parsis, Jews and other communities would
migrate to Bombay, attracted by the business opportunities, as well as by the religious
freedom practiced by the British. With the arrival of these communities, synagogues and
fire temples were added to the religious landscape.
Today, Mumbai is known as a cosmopolitan city. This city was built on trade, and
commerce proved to be a great leveler. Everybody was welcome, irrespective of caste,
class, religion and ethnicity, as long as they wanted to do business. When new
communities migrated to Mumbai, they brought with them their distinctive culture,
traditions and cuisine, and the city became the melting pot.
Though Mumbai has always been a generation ahead of other Indian cities when it comes
to communal harmony, this peaceful co-existence of communities has occasionally been
marred by communal riots.
Elephanta caves
St. Andrew’s Church, Bandra: Then and Now (Original structure built by the Portuguese in 1575)
35
Rise as a principal trading hub
Mumbai owes its development as a trading center to its natural advantage of having a
deep and sheltered harbour, strategically located on the west coast of India. Despite this
natural asset, the islands remained neglected for several centuries. The Portuguese, who
acquired the islands in 1534,
valued them so little that they
were passed to the British in
1661 as part of the dowry of
Portuguese Princess Catherine of
Braganza when she married King
Charles II of England. The islands
were thereafter leased to the
British East India Companyin
1668 for a paltry sum of £10 per
annum in gold.
It was the Company that realized
the tremendous potential of the
deep Bombay harbor, and set
about the development of the islands.
By 1677, Bombay had been transformed into a prime commercial center, through the
construction of warehouses, a customs house, a mint, the development of the harbour and
so on. British Governor Gerald Aungier played a pivotal role in this transformation. A
concerted effort was made to attract artisans and traders to Bombay by offering business
incentives. This resulted in the major trading races, such as the Parsis, the Khojas and the
Banias migrating to the city. In 1686, the Company moved its headquarters from Surat in
Gujarat to Bombay, an event which marked the decline of Surat and the rise of Bombay as
the principal trading hub.
Ships in the Bombay Harbour - c1870
36
The Manchester of the east
The Bombay harbor was primarily used for the shipping of raw cotton to the Lancashire
mills in England, and the shipping of cloth back to India. The exports of cotton received an
impetus with the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, which disrupted the supply
of raw cotton from America.
Bombay stepped in to fill the gap
and in the five years of the war
from 1861 to 1865, the city earned
81 million pound sterling more than
it would normally have received for
its cotton. The opening of the Suez
Canal in 1869, which cut travel time
to Europe in half, also led to the
expansion of trade from the
Bombay port. These two events led
to the cotton boom, which saw the
accumulation of wealth in the
hands of the people.
As the costs of textile imports
escalated, Indian entrepreneurs set up the first cotton mills in Bombay, to manufacture
textiles indigenously. The first textile mill, the Bombay Spinning & Weaving Company at
Tardeo, was set up in 1854. By 1870
there were 13 mills, which grew to 70
mills by 1895 and further to 83 mills by
1915. The establishment of the textile
industry was the turning point in the
history of Mumbai’s economy. It
provided the impetus for the city’s
growth and transformed Mumbai into
the ‘city of dreams’ for migrants seeking
sustainable employment. Mumbai
became known as the Manchester of the
east for its booming textile industry.
Entrance to Mumbai Textile Mills
37
The chawl culture
The culture of Bombay owes much to the flourishing textile industry in the nineteenth and
early twentieth centuries. The textile mills were highly labour intensive. At its peak, the
industry employed nearly three lakh workers. The demand for labour was met by the
migration of mainly Marathi-speaking people from the rural areas. Employers had to
provide accommodation for the migrant population in areas around the mills.
Consequently, the chawl system, a distinctive feature of Mumbai, came into existence.
Chawls are two or three-storey buildings with each floor containing rooms and a common
block of toilets at the end of the corridor. The rooms were built to accommodate a single
person, the male worker who had left his family behind in the village. However, over time,
the families of workers began to migrate to the city. This led to cramped living conditions
as entire families occupied a single room.
Scenes from
Mumbai’schawls
One of the many textile mills in the city
38
A group of 3 to 4 chawls (called a ‘wadi’) were usually built around an open space. This
open space served as the location for sports, games, weddings and community festivals
such as Ganesh-utsav and Dahi Handi. The chawl system led to the development of close-
knit communities, brought together by the shared events and celebrations, and the close
living quarters.
The day began with a mill’s siren, when all the workers would report to the mills together,
to return en masse at the day’s close.
The areas in which the workers and families settled, which was close to the mills, were
Tardeo, Byculla, Mazagaon, Reay Road, Lalbaug, Parel, Naigaum, Sewri, Worli and
Prabhadevi. Together they came to be known as ‘Girangaon’, meaning Village of the Mills.
The mills were located in the then northern outskirts of the city, which led to the
development of this area.
As more and more migrants came to the city in search of employment, even the chawls
proved inadequate to provide accommodation. Consequently, the first few slums
mushroomed in and around the mills and the harbor.
The decline of the mills
From the late 1950s, the textile industry began declining due to a variety of reasons, such
as technological backwardness and stiff competition from other countries. The Great
Textile strike, which began in 1982 and continued for 18 months, sounded the death knell
of this industry. The textile industry was the largest employer in the city at that time. In the
aftermath of the strike, most mills closed down and the breadwinners of some 100,000
families were left without jobs. The city’s employment pattern was inverted. While
previously the organized sector had been the prominent employer in the city, most of the
displaced mill workers found employment in the informal sector.
39
Financial capital of IndiaParallel to the development of the textile industry, the city
underwent several other transformations. The accumulation of wealth during the cotton
boom in the latter half of the nineteenth
century led to the establishment of several
companies of various descriptions. There
was wild speculation in the shares of these
companies. Several banks and other
financial institutions were also set-up, even
without the backing of adequate capital and
experience.
By 1864, there were 31 banks, 16 financial
associations, 8 land companies, 16 press
companies, 10 shipping companies, 20
insurance companies as against 10 in 1855,
and 62 joint stock companies where none
had existed in 1855! But with the cessation
of the American Civil War in 1865, the
commercial boom in Bombay collapsed,
which led to the closure of many of these
institutions. However, the speculation that
started during the bubble formed the background to the establishment of the Native Share
and Stockbrokers Association in 1875. This association has evolved over the decades to the
present-day Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), the oldest bourse in Asia. The banyan tree
under which the early transactions of the association were conducted is today located in
the Horniman Circle garden, and is an important landmark in the city’s financial history.
Mumbai’s first business district was Ballard Estate, located between Chhatrapati Shivaji
Terminus and the Fort area in South Mumbai. The Bombay Port Trust reclaimed 22 acres of
land at Ballard Estate between 1914 and 1918. Thereafter, the headquarters of the Trust
and the offices of several shipping companies were set up there. From Ballard Estate,
offices slowly began moving to the Fort area, which became the prime commercial area till
the mid-nineteenth century.
In the 1970s, the government developed Nariman Point as a business district for small and
medium enterprises. The area where Nariman Point is situated was reclaimed from the sea
under the backbay reclamation scheme. Over the next 20 years, as more and more offices
located there, the area became the commercial heart of the city. In the post-liberalisation
era (after the economic reforms of the 1990s), the flood of multinational companies
(MNCs) seeking to test the waters in India set up their first offices at Nariman Point.
However, when these same companies wanted to expand their operations, they were
confronted with space constraints. Further, they also began to wake up to other
40
drawbacks, such as the existence of multiple landlords for even a single floor rented in a
Nariman Point building. This led to the rise of the latest commercial hub – the Bandra-Kurla
Complex (BKC).
BKC had been developed as an alternative business district in the late 1990s. However,
there were no takers at that time. The government, under pressure from the BKC
developers, intervened by passing the Maharashtra Rent Control Act, 2000. This Act
enabled MCGM to fix the property tax according to the value of the building as opposed to
standard rent (the earlier practice). The landlords at Nariman Point now had to pay higher
tax, which they passed on to the licencee. This made the area commercially unattractive,
which in turn kick-started a shift to BKC. The shift began in the mid-2000s and by 2009 BKC
had become the new central district.
A new trend also emerged around this time, and Mumbai now has not one, but many
business districts - the Malad-Andheri belt in the western suburbs, Lower Parel-
Prabhadevi-Worli axis in central Mumbai and the Thane-Navi Mumbai area in the eastern
suburbs. Each of these hubs caters to a specific kind of corporate.
These business districts, which contain the headquarters of many prominent companies,
are the reason why Mumbai is called the commercial capital of the country. They are also
the main drivers behind business tourism to the city.
Bandra-Kurla Complex
41
Lifelines of the city
The transport system was an integral aspect in the development of Mumbai as a
commercial center. The Mumbai Suburban Railway is the oldest railway system in Asia. In
the 1800s, a need was felt for a rapid means of transport and movement of goods, to meet
the growing needs of the city and its people. This led to the incorporation of the Great
Indian Peninsular Railway (GIP) in 1849. Soon after, on 16th April 1853, the line officially
opened when the first passenger train in India ran between Mumbai and Thane, a distance
of 21 miles. The GIP was the forerunner of the present-day Central Railway. Following the
success of the GIP, the Bombay, Baroda & Central India Railway (BB&CI), the forerunner of
the Western Railway, was incorporated in 1855 and officially opened on 28th November,
1864. The western coast of India was linked to Mumbai and other ports, which greatly
facilitated commerce. Several expansions and modernizations have taken place since then.
Today, the Western and Central Railways have their headquarters in Mumbai. The local
trains (or ‘locals’) are known as the lifeline of the city, ferrying passengers to and fro,
between the suburban residential areas and the business districts in the heart of the city.
These packed-to-capacity locals, during the morning and evening peak hours, are as
distinctive a feature of Mumbai city as any of its monuments.
Victoria horse carriages (popularly known as ‘Victorias’) were commonly used for transport
within the cityin the 1800s, before the advent of the
trams. Modeled on open carriages used during Queen
Victoria's reign in the 19th century, they continued
operating long after they became outdated. The Victorias
that remain in the city have been a major tourist
attraction in the last few decades. But they are soon to be
relegated to the pages of history after a recent court
order, following a campaign against the mistreatment of
the horses.
Bridge over Thane
Creek, built a year
after the first train
ride.
42
Horse-drawn trams were introduced in the city in 1874, later to be replaced by electrified
ones from 1907. They were popular as the transport of the common man. Double-decker
tramcars were introduced from 1920 to deal with the rush hour traffic. But as the city’s
population continued to soar, and the pace of life quickened, they had to be phased out.
The last tram ran on 31st March 1964, and another historical feature of life in Mumbai
faded away.
The red buses of the BEST (Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport) and the black-
and-yellow taxis (‘the common man’s ferrari’) have replaced the trams. Motorized cabs
were started in 1911 and motor buses began to ply from 1926. In particular, the black-and
yellow Fiat taxis have become a part of the city’s heritage and have starred in many
Bollywood movies. Auto-rickshaws, rickety three-wheelers, replace taxis in the suburbs
(beyond Bandra and Sion). These modes of transport have become an important part of
the city’s identity, and form a part of the ‘Mumbai experience’ for those visiting the
metropolis.
BEST buses: Then and Now
BEST bus: 1926
BEST buses on Mumbai streets
43
Changing architectural landscape through the ages
When the Portuguese acquired the seven islands and the Salsette region in 1534, through
the treaty of Bassein with the
Muzaffarid dynasties of
Gujarat, they set about the
construction of beautiful
churches, villas, mansions,
orphanages and
monasteries. Simultaneously,
they also started fortifying
the islands, to protect
against attacks from
formidable foes such as the
Marathas, the Mughals,
regional Kohli kings, the
English, the Dutch, the French and sea pirates. It follows that most of the enduring
defensive structures in the Mumbai region owe their origin to the Portuguese period.
After the British got control of the islands of Bombay, they further strengthened the
defensive structures. They revamped the manor house of Garcia da Orta (the former
Portuguese owner of Bombay), renamed it Bombay Castle and built a fort around it by
1722. The walls of the fort used to enclose the city from Dongri in the north to Mendham’s
Point in the south during the 18th and 19th centuries. There were three massive gates –
Apollo Gate, Bazaar Gate and Church gate. In 1769, an extension called St. George fort was
built to the east on the site of the former Dongri fort.
The early development of Bombay took place entirely within the confines of the fort. The
dockyard was constructed. The imposing structure of the Town Hall, the present-day
Asiatic Library, with its 30 grand steps and columned portico, came up in 1833. A mint and
a customs house were also constructed.
Once the British had consolidated their power in the
region, the need for the defensive structure of the fort
was no longer felt. The growing population of the city
was also overburdening the confined area. Sir Bartle
Frere, then Governor of Bombay, demolished the fort
walls in the 1860s and drew up an ambitious plan to
transform the city into the ‘Urbs prima in indis’ (the first
city of India).
Bandra fort (Castella de Aguada), built by the Portuguese in 1640
Old photo of the town hall (Asiatic Library)
44
Several public buildings came up in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
which were inspired by the Gothic church architecture, and funded by the wealth
accumulated during the cotton boom. The ornate and elaborate Gothic style was suitably
modified for local conditions. These neo-Gothic buildings have endured till today and speak
of the grandeur of the British colonial period. The most impressive of these constructions,
the Victoria Terminus (now Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus), has been made a UNESCO World
Heritage Site, along with the ancient Elephanta caves.
Rajabai Clock tower (built in 1878)
High Court (built in 1878)
Neo-Gothic architecture in Mumbai
Mumbai University Convocation Hall (built in 1874)
(close view of rose window depicting the twelve zodiac signs)
45
By the turn of the twentieth century, the neo-Gothic style evolved into a new Indo-
Saracenic style, a confluence of British and Indo-Islamic architecture. The iconic Taj Mahal
Palace Hotel, the General Post Office and the Prince of Wales Museum (now Chhatrapati
Shivaji Vastu Sanghralaya) are enduring expressions of this style. But perhaps its most
important representation is the Gateway of India. It was built to commemorate the arrival
of King George V and Queen Mary for the Delhi Darbar in 1911. Instead, it marked the
permanent departure of the British from India. In 1948, the last of the British soldiers
marched onto the last of their ships and departed under the same domed arch of yellow
basalt built to honour their king.
From the Indo-Saracenic style, the city moved on to Art Deco in the 1930s, which used
simple geometric shapes. Today, the city has the second largest collection of Art Deco
buildings in the world, after Miami. The buildings in the
ChhatrapatiShivaji Terminus (built in 1887)
TajMahal Palace Hotel (1903) and Gateway of India (1924)
Chhatrapati Shivaji Vastu Sanghralaya (1923)
Indo-Saracenic
architecture in
Mumbai
46
Parsi and Hindu colonies in Dadar, and Eros Cinema near Churchgate, are personifications
of this style. Though not as startlingly grand as the neo-Gothic and Indo-Saracenic styles, it
was Art Deco which transformed Bombay’s image from a gothic to an international
modern city.
Bombay’s skyline, at earlier points in
its history, was also identified with
the smoking chimneys of the mills,
and the low roofs of the adjoining
chawls. The chawls in themselves held
a unique place in the city’s
architecture. With the closure of the
mills and the modernization of the
city, malls and skyscrapers have taken
over as the dominant motif. Having
no space to expand horizontally, the
city expands vertically and is fast
becoming known as the skyscraper
capital of India.
New India Assurance Building Eros Cinema
Art Deco buildings in Mumbai
47
For the tourist visiting Mumbai, the juxtaposition of the various architectural styles that
dominated the city at one point or the other is of tremendous interest. These structures
reveal the story of the city as it evolved through the decades. Many of the colonial British
buildings in particular have become important tourist spots.
Mumbai & the freedom struggle
The island city was at the forefront of the long struggle for freedom from British colonial
rule. Not long afterwards, it was the centre of another type of struggle – the ‘Samyukta
Maharashtra Movement’.
Timeline of major political events in Mumbai:
December, 1885
•The Indian National Congress holds its first meeting in an auditorium opposite Gowalia Tank Maidan with 72 delegates
•Mumbai gets the distinction of being the birthplace of the party that is to lead the nation to independence
1908
•The mill workers in Mumbai go on a spontaneous strike to protest the arrest of Lokmanya Tilak by the British
12th January, 1915
•Mahatma Gandhi returns from South Africa and reaches Mumbai
•Between 1917 and 1934, whenever Gandhiji visits Mumbai, he stays at Mani Bhavan in Gamdevi
48
12th December, 1930
•Babu Genu, a 22-year old mill hand, lies on the ground before a truck loaded with foreign cloth on the New Hanuman Road at Kalbadevi and is crushed to death
•It is an attempt to prevent foreign goods from entering Indian soil, as part of the Swadeshi movement
•His martyrdom triggers a wave of protests and agitations
December, 1931
•Mahatma Gandhi addresses the largest ever political meeting at the Esplanade, which has since been renamed ‘Azad Maidan’
•Several other political rallies are also held at this site
7th August, 1942
•Another session of the All India Congress Committee is held at Gowalia Tank Maidan
•Mahatma Gandhi gives the call to ‘Quit India’ at this session
•The 'Quit India' movement culminates in independence, and the maidan is renamed 'August Kranti Maidan'
28th February, 1948
•The last British troops marched on to their ships and leave India through the same Gateway which had been built to commemorate the arrival of their King in 1911
1960
•A peaceful demonstration by the Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti at Flora Fountain in South Bombay is fired upon by the police, resulting in 105 deaths
•The Samiti had been agitating for nearly five years for the creation of a separate state of Maharashtra with Bombay as its capital
•The shooting proves to be a major impetus for their demands finally being met on 1st May 1960
•Flora Fountain is renamed Hutatma Chowk (Martyr’s Crossroads), and a memorial is erected to honour those who lost their lives
49
Entertainment capital of India
Mumbai is known as the home of the stars, the headquarters of Bollywood. The Indian film
industry is the world’s largest and around 60% of Indian films are made in Mumbai.
Mumbai’s association with the moving pictures goes far back. On a rainy July day in 1896,
the first screening of a motion picture in India took place in the city’s own Watson’s Hotel.
Six silent short films by the Lumière brothers were screened for a European-only audience
and the event was billed as “the marvel of the century”.
The metropolis went on to become the birthplace of
the Indian film industry with the first full-length Indian
film, ‘Raja Harishchandra’, being made here in 1913 by
Dadasaheb Phalke. When the next revolution in
motion pictures, namely the ‘talkie’, arrived in India, it
once again debuted in Mumbai. ‘Alam Ara’, the first
Indian talkie, was made in the city in 1931.
Mumbai quickly became the hub of the Hindi film
industry, though the regional language film industry,
particularly in the South, also grew rapidly. The genre
of Hindi films made in the city was dubbed
‘Bollywood’, a combination of Bombay and Hollywood,
the centre of the American film industry.
The Filmfare Awards, the oldest and most
prominent awards given for Hindi films in
India, began in 1954. The first Filmfare Awards
function was held in Mumbai’s Metro Theatre
on 21st March, 1954. Film City, the largest
studio complex of Bollywood, was established
in 1977.
Star-struck youngsters from across India, and especially the smaller towns and villages,
began to dream of coming to Mumbai to make it big in tinsel town. The homes of the
superstars started to draw adoring fans hoping to catch a glimpse of their screen idols.
Film city gate
50
Bollywood cinema started gaining international recognition when ‘Lagaan’ was nominated
for the Oscars, and ‘Devdas’ and ‘Rang De
Basanti’ were nominated for BAFTA. Madame
Tussauds started displaying wax sculptures of
Bollywood actors, and the growing Indian
Diaspora made it profitable for Indian films to
have worldwide releases. Several
international production houses have also
made forays into the production and
distribution of Indian films. All these elements
have led to an increasing awareness and
appreciation of Indian cinema.
Today, Bollywood is an important attraction for both foreign and domestic tourists to the
city. Tours that guide one through the sets of iconic Hindi films have become popular and
planned attractions, such as a Bollywood museum in Film City, will only give an impetus to
this type of tourism.
Vada-pav eater’s city: Mumbai’s street food and iconic eateries
The history of food in Mumbai is
closely linked with its economic
growth. As waves of migrants came
to the city – most in search of
economic prosperity, some to escape
religious persecution – they brought
their distinctive fares with them. As a
result, the city today boasts of a
variety of cooking styles and cuisines,
which are a reflection of its
cosmopolitan culture.
Many of Mumbai's first eateries were
Amitabh Bachchan’s wax statue at
Madame Tussauds
51
Maharashtrian, in the khanevals or community canteens opened by workers from the
region who came from the end of the 19th century onwards to find employment in the
city's booming mills. Some of the traditional Maharashtrian restaurants in Dadar and
Girgaum, which are home to Maharashtrian settlements, have their roots in the
khanewals. Restaurants were also set up to cater to the needs of small-time traders who
visited the city for business.
Irani cafés are one of the oldest landmarks in the city’s culinary landscape. The Iranis came
to the city at the turn of the twentieth century to escape religious persecution in Iran. They
were distinct from the Parsis - Zoroastrian Iranians who came to India from the eighth
century onwards.
The Iranis started as dealers in provisions, before branching out into eateries and bakeries.
Unlike their Hindu business competitors who thought it unlucky to have a shop on a street
corner, the Iranis believed the opposite. Many Irani
cafés were set up at corners so as to be visible
from both sides of the street, while getting ample
fresh air and light by being open to the
intersection. These spacious restaurants are
distinguished by their old wood furniture and glass
top tables with the menu visible underneath. Their
clientele came from immigrant labourers who
needed cheap, basic meals.
Today, very few Irani cafés remain in the city, among them Kyani & Co., set up in 1904,
near Metro Cinema, and Yazdani Restaurant at Fort market. ‘Brun maska and chai’, a
simple meal of bread and butter served with tea, remains their specialty.
52
From the 1970s onwards, the Irani cafés started facing competition from south Indian
Udupi restaurants. These Udupi restaurants were set up by migrants from the district of
Dakshina Kannada in Karnataka
(of which Udupi is a part), to
cater to other migrants from
the region. Café Mysore in
Matunga, started in 1936, is
the oldest south Indian
restaurant in the city. It
brought the Udupi culture to
the city when A. Rama Naik
took over the restaurant in
1970. Today, these restaurants
are fast disappearing, due to
rising costs and changing
tastes. Gujarati, Marwari, Jain
and Sindhi restaurants, and several other regional cuisines can be found in the city as well.
Besides the formal restaurants, Mumbai is also well-known for its street food culture. The
city’s street food probably evolved to feed its large working class population who had to
eat on a budget. The vada-pav, sometimes called the Indian burger, is the most famous
representative of the city’s street food.
Today, many of Mumbai’s authentic eateries face competition from well-known fast-food
chains. Despite this, for visitors to the city, these eateries, along with the street-side stalls,
are the best place to experience the myriad flavors of Mumbai.
Nursery of Indian Cricket
Mumbai is passionate about its cricket, and it is not uncommon to glance into one of the
narrow by-lanes of the city only tofind a game of gully cricket in full-swing. Many cricketing
greats, among them Sachin Tendulkar, Sunil Gavaskar and Vijay Merchant, have taken their
first steps in the city’s maidans. One maidan in particular – Shivaji Park, Dadar, which came
up in 1937 – stands out as the cradle of Mumbai cricket.
Mumbai’s street food
53
Mumbai’s association with the
gentleman’s game goes far
back. Cricket was being played
in the city’s maidans since
British colonial times. It was
the enterprising Parsi
community that first took to
the game, after being
fascinated by the sight of
English soldiers playing cricket
from across the ropes in a
cordoned-off part of the
Esplanade (as Azad Maidan
was called then).
Cricket on the Oval Maidan
54
The Parsis started the first cricket club, the Oriental Cricket Club, in 1848. For unknown
reasons, it didn’t survive long and was replaced by the Young Zoroastrians Club from 1850.
The Parsis slowly but surely began to excel in the sport. Other communities soon followed
suit, with the Hindus setting up their own club in 1866. The Bombay Gymkhana was set up
in 1875 as an exclusive European-only sports club. Though several informal European clubs
already existed, the gymkhana fulfilled their need for a formal clubhouse. It was on the
gymkhana ground that the first ever test in India was played in 1933-34 against England.
Presidency matches between the Europeans of the Bombay Gymkhana and the Parsis of
the Zoroastrian club were played annually between 1895 and 1906, the venue alternating
between Bombay and Poona. The Hindu community began to participate from 1907 and
the event was dubbed the Triangular tournament. When the Muslim community joined in
1912, it became the Quadrangular tournament. Finally, in 1937, a fifth team comprising
Buddhists, Jews and Indian Christians also began to play, making it the Pentangular
tournament.
The tournaments were immensely popular and contributed to the spread of cricket in the
subcontinent. But they were nevertheless opposed by Gandhiji and other secular-minded
persons for their divisive nature, especially in the climate of the freedom struggle which
aimed at uniting all Indians. They were eventually discontinued around the time of
independence.
Mumbai has two cricket stadiums. Brabourne stadium, which was the first cricket stadium
in India, was inaugurated in 1937. Owned by the Cricket Club of India (CCI), it has seen
some memorable matches over the years. The Bombay Pentangular tournament was
moved here from the Bombay Gymkhana. This stadium saw Sachin Tendulkar make his first
double century of first-class cricket in 1997-98 in a match between Mumbai and
Australia. Beyond cricket, it has been the venue of Davis cup matches, concerts and even
the second Filmfare awards ceremony which was held in 1955.
The Wankhede stadium, just a mile away from the Brabourne, was built in 1974 by the
Bombay Cricket Association (now Mumbai Cricket Association), following a dispute with
the CCI over the allocation of tickets for matches in the Brabourne Stadium. It quickly
eclipsed the older stadium to become one of the most renowned cricket stadiums in the
country. The stadium has had its share of glory, one instance being Ravi Shastri's six sixes in
an over off Baroda's Tilak Raj en route to the fastest double-hundred in first-class cricket in
1984-85.
Bombay Gymkhana
55
Elphinstone College
Mumbai’s cricketing past and present is a major draw for both domestic and foreign
visitors. The streets are thronged and there are traffic jams all around the Wankhede
stadium on days when major matches are played. The addition of the T20 season, with all
the accompanying glamour and hype, to the traditional cricket calendar, has provided
another opportunity for tourists to flock to the city on match days to catch the action
firsthand.
Educational hub
Mumbai is an important educational destination within the country. Lack of good institutes
in rural areas and tier II cities drives students to the city for education. In addition, many
premier institutes of higher education in diverse fields are located in the city, making it a
magnet for students from across the country.
Mumbai’s educational history goes back to the sixteenth century when Christian
missionaries set up the first schools in the islands. However, the education of Indians
received a major impetus only when Mountstuart
Elphinstone became the Governor of Bombay
in 1819. He desired the participation of
educated, enlightened Indians in public
administration. His views were progressive at a
time when many people were against the idea
of educating natives. He founded the Bombay
Native Education Society, which went on to set
up Elphinstone High School and later
Elphinstone College, two of the oldest
educational institutions in the state.
Wankhede Stadium
56
In 1840, the government created a Board of Education to take charge of educational
matters. Although the Board was under European domination, it did include Jagannath
Shankarshet, Sir Jamshetji Jeejeebhoy and other Indians as its members. Higher
educational institutes came up in the city in the years that followed. The first was the
Grant Medical College which opened in 1845. In 1855, the Government Law College, the
first of its kind in the country, was set up. In 1857, the state got its first university with the
establishment of Bombay University. It is the second oldest university in the country. The
establishment of the university formalized the educational structure in Mumbai. Thus, in
the middle of the nineteenth century, Mumbai became a leading centre of higher
education.
An institute that played an important role in the city’s development is the J.J. School of Art,
founded in 1857. It is the oldest art school in the country. Its students literally shaped the
city by designing many of the landmarks that now define Mumbai’s skyline (such as the
Prince of Wales Museum and Victoria Terminus).
With the development of Mumbai as a manufacturing hub, there was a need to provide for
trained manpower to serve the industries in the city. The Victoria Jubilee Technical
Institute, now the Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute (VJTI) was established in 1887
with just two branches – the Sir J. J. School of Mechanical Engineering and the Ripon
Textile School. These branches dealt with the two industries that were of importance to
the city at the time. In the post-independence period, IIT (Indian Institute of Technology)-
Bombay was set up to serve the needs of the process industries concentrated in the
western region of the country.
Festivals in the city
Several festivals are celebrated in Mumbai and though they are associated with specific
religions; often the celebrations go beyond the confines of religion, caste and creed.
Of the many festivals celebrated in the city, some have become very strongly associated
with the city’s identity.
Ganesh Chaturthi
The celebration of this festival dates back to the time when the
region was under the rule of Shivaji, the Maratha Emperor. It is said
that he introduced the festival to promote cultural harmony.
However, the festival remained largely a private affair with each
individual family purchasing a Ganesha idol and taking it out in
procession for immersion. Occasionally, two or three families would
join together for the procession.
57
Ganesh Chaturthi became the community festival that it is today during the freedom
struggle. Lokmanya Tilak introduced Sarvajanik Ganeshutsav as a means of uniting the
people and spreading the message of the freedom struggle. In place of private idols,
subscriptions were collected on behalf of a residential area or market or organization for
the purchase of a large idol. These idols were then placed in mandaps (pavilions) for
collective worship. Various song-and-dance events were attached to each mandap, with
the songs most often having political overtones. Some of the mandaps were even made
the sites of political plays. Whereas previously immersions had taken place on various days
of the festival, Tilak sought to have all the immersions take place on the tenth and final
day.
He aimed at transforming the processions into a mass political rally that would mobilize all
the Marathi people for the cause of independence.
Within a short period of time, the Ganpati festival in its new form had gained widespread
acceptance in Mumbai and surrounding areas. Today, the massive processions attract
tourists from all over the world to witness the magnificent spectacle.
A particularly famous Ganpati mandal is the one at Lalbaug. It has an interesting story
attached to it. In 1932, a market near Peru Chawl in the heart of Lalbaug was shut down.
The vendors and fishermen whose livelihood was affected prayed for a permanent place
for their market. Their wish was fulfilled when a plotof land was granted to construct a
permanent market (today's Lalbaug
market). As a mark of gratitude, the
traders set up an idol of Ganesha
dressed as a fisherman in
September, 1934. From that time
onward, the idol at Lalbaug or
‘Lalbaugcha Raja’ began to attract
thousands of devotees due to its
fame as a wish-fulfilling deity.
Lalbaugcha Raja
58
Dahi Handi
Immersion of Ganesh idols
Ganesh Chaturthi in Mumbai
59
Janmashtami is a celebration of the birth anniversary of the Hindu god Krishna. Though
celebrated in many states, in Mumbai it is a unique spectacle because of the breaking of
the dahi handi by Govindas. The practice is said to have originated in the eighteenth
century in the village of Girgaum in south Mumbai, in the homes of the Pathare Prabhu
community.
Usually, the land held by the Pathare Prabhus was very large, called a Wadi. People
participating in the occasion went in a procession in and around the Wadi they owned and
ultimately came to the main entrance of their mansions. Earthen pots of curd or buttermilk
were hung at a suitable height at the entrance to the mansions. All the female members of
the family as well as those of the servants would be waiting at the entrance to receive the
procession. Usually these processions were accompanied by a chariot emblazoned with
scenes from the life of Lord Krishna, along with a band of lezim players and drummers.
Once the procession reached the entrance of the mansion, all the members of the
procession would collect under the handi and form a human pyramid. A child from the
owner’s house sitting in the chariot as Lord Krishna then climbed the pyramid and broke
the pot. Onlookers, particularly women, would throw water to make the process difficult,
in reminiscence of the way the Gopicas are believed to have tried to save their curds and
butter from the young Lord Krishna and his friends.
This tradition continued until the village began to be transformed as part of the modern
day city. The big land holdings were reduced to narrow link roads, though they were still
called wadis. The Pathare Prabhus started to move out of the area. But Dahi Handi was still
celebrated, though in a modified form. Chariots were abandoned and only Govinda teams
remained. They started moving in trucks and some boys moved on their motor bikes and
scooters along with the trucks. They carried with them water and other requisites. With
time, professional groups were established and cash prizes began to be offered as
incentives. Today the celebration is in some ways similar to an organized sport.
DahiHandi, Mumbai
60
The city of many firsts
Mumbai has been the pioneering city of India in many respects and some of the important
‘firsts’ that took place in the city are listed on the next page.
When these innovations were first introduced in the city, they attracted much interest due
to their novelty. They were, and some of them still are, on the ‘must-see’ list of tourists
visiting the city.
61
‘Firsts’ in Mumbai
16th April 1853
•First passenger train in the country ran between the present-day Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus and Thane, a distance of 21 miles
1928
•Juhu Aerodrome founded as India’s first civil aviation airport
•J. R. D. Tata made India's maiden voyage from Juhu airport to Drigh Road airstrip, Karachi, via Ahmedabad, on 15 October 1932, in a two-passenger "Puss Moth"
1951
•Taraporewala Aquarium, near Charni Road railway station, formally opened by the first President of free India, Dr. Rajendra Prasad
•The first of its kind in the country, immediately a big draw for visitors
1986
•Essel world, one of the first amusement parks in India, started at Gorai
•Water Kingdom section added in 1998
•Essel World: India's largest amusement park & Water Kingdom: Asia's largest theme water park
September 1999
•Crossroads, now renamed Sobo Central, the first modern shopping mall in India, was opened in Mumbai
•Heralded the spread of the mall culture in the city
5th April 2000
•Mumbai-Pune Expressway was opened to traffic
•India's first six-lane concrete, high-speed, access controlled tolled expressway, it introduced new levels of speed and safety in automobile transportation to Indian roads
2009
•The Bandra-Worli Sea Link, officially the Rajiv Gandhi Sea Link, became the newest landmark in Mumbai
•India’s first cable-stay, open sea bridge, it spans 600 m in length and 126 m in height (equivalent to a 43 storied building)
62
GEOGRAPHICAL
PATTERNS
Over the centuries, the
original 7 islands of Bombay
and 4 islands of the Salsette
group have been merged to
form the present-day Greater
Mumbai
The reclamation work has
completely altered the
geography of the city
This chapter examines the
physical features of Mumbai
– the landforms and water
bodies
Mumbai lies on what were formerly two groups of
islands, stretching southward of the Ulhas estuary.
The southern group currently referred to as Mumbai
Island City, originally consisted of seven separate
islands. Since the 17th century, these islets have been
joined through drainage and reclamation projects, as
well as through the construction of causeways and
breakwaters to form one landmass.
The northern island group - known as the Salsette
group, on which the present Mumbai Suburban District
is situated, also consisted of a similar group of seven
islands. The district is named after the main and the
largest island of the group. These islands remained
separate till the beginning of the nineteenth century.
Today, Mumbai city comprises the merged seven islands
of the Island City and four islands of Mumbai Suburban
District. Mumbai continues to develop essentially on
reclaimed lands.
Location:
Mumbai lies on the western seaboard
of India between 18° 53’ and 19° 19’
north latitude and between 72° 47’
and 72° 59’ east longitude.
It has an east-west extent of about 12
km where it is broadest, and a north-
south extent of about 40 km.
The city is surrounded on three sides
by water.
63
Topography:
Colaba: A narrow
tongue of rocky land
that extended further
south in the form of a
few submerged reefs
beyond Colaba Point
Old Woman’s island: A very
small, almost triangular
island, sometimes called
‘Little Colaba’
Bombay: The largest in the
group. Its western prong
was dominated by a single
ridge covered with rough
tropical jungles. The
central and eastern part
was low-lying ground, with
a rocky ridge in the north.
Worli: A rocky ledge
separated from Bombay
by a wide stretch of sea.
Parel: An island with a
broken coast line.
Extensive stretches of it
were entirely covered by
tidal marshes.
Mahim: A sandy
desert, it was
perhaps the only
low, flat plain in the
entire cluster.
Mazagaon: Part
hill, part dale, this
island was full of
coconut groves.
The original seven islands of Bombay
64
In between the original seven islands was a fairly wide, shallow creek, into which the seas
around poured during the high tides, and flooded the low-lying stretches of all islands. This
turned the area between the islands into a swamp, making travel between them
hazardous. This was one of the reasons why the British undertook the work of reclamation.
Another reason was the increasing demand for land after Bombay had been transformed
into a major trading hub.
The reclamation work which began in the 16th century and continued even after
independence completely altered the geography of the area through the razing of hills for
the filling of breaches, the distortion of surface drainage and the filling up of water bodies
and marshes.
Mumbai today consists of a low-lying plain at sea level and the average altitude ranges
from 10-15 meters. However, the city still boasts of small rolling hills such as Malabar hill,
Antop Hill, Pali hill and Worli hill, among others.
The amalgamation of the islands and changed topography
65
Bays:Back Bay is the largest bay in
Mumbai, followed by Mahim bay. The
coastline of Back Bay is like an inverted
‘C’ scaling 4 km in length.Marine Drive is
located along this stretch. Worli Bay lies
to the north of Marine Drive.
Lakes:The lakes situated within the
metropolitan boundaries arePowai, Tulsi
andVihar Lake. LakesTulsi and Vihar are
based within the premises of Sanjay
Gandhi National Park and are the source
of drinking water for some parts of the
city.
Rivers:Mumbai has four main rivers – the
DahisarRiver, the MithiRiver, the
OshiwaraRiver and the PoisarRiver. One
branch of the UlhasRiver flows around
Mumbai.
The Dahisar River is located in the
northern suburbs of Mumbai and
originates in the Tulsi Lake in the
Sanjay Gandhi National Park.
The Mithi River is a confluence of tail water discharges of Powai and Vihar lakes. The
river originates at Powai and meets the Arabian Sea at Mahim Creek, covering a
distance of about 15 km. The river is a natural drainage channel which carries the
excess waters during the monsoons.
Oshiwara River begins in the Aarey Milk Colony of Mumbai, cuts through the Goregaon
hills, across the Aarey Milk Colony before emptying into the Malad Creek.
The Poisarriver begins in the Sanjay Gandhi National Park and empties into the Marve
Creek and finally into the Arabian Sea.
Creeks:There are several creeks in Mumbai. The Vasai creek and the Thane creek separate
Mumbai from the Salsette Island. The other creeks in Mumbai are the Malad creek, Mahim
creek, Gorai creek and Mahul creek.
66
Soil cover:Due to proximity to the sea, the soil cover of in the city region is sandy to large
extent. The underlying rocks of this area are made up of Black Deccan Basalt flows, their
acid and some basic variants. In the suburbs, the soil cover is largely alluvial and loamy.
Seismic Zone:Mumbai is situated on a seismically active zone, where three fault lines are
present. The area is classified as a Seismic Zone III region, which means an earthquake of
magnitude up to 6.5 on the Richter-scale may be expected.
Impact on tourism:
The city’s extensive coastline has potential for the development of cruise tourism,
while its many beaches and waterfronts are already tourist magnets.
Nature tourists are attracted to Mumbai every summer, when migratory water birds
flock to the city’s mudflats and mangroves.
LEGEND
Good
Average
Poor
Rating:
Mumbai’s physical features provide several opportunities for tourism
67
CLIMATE
Mumbai weather is hot
and humid for most
parts of the year
The average
temperature in Mumbai
is 27.3 °C (81 °F)
Relative humidity ranges
from 61% to 87%
Dec – Feb: cold season
March – June: summer
June – Sep: monsoon
Oct – Nov: post-
monsoon season
Mumbai has a tropical humid climate.
Seasons:The city does not experience distinct seasons, but the climate can broadly be
classified into three seasons. The cold season from December to February is followed by
the summer season from March to June. The period from June to about the end of
September constitutes the south-west monsoon season, and October and November form
the post-monsoon season.
Temperature:The average annual temperature in the city is 27.3 °C. In the suburbs, the
daily mean maximum temperature ranges from 29.1 °C to 33.3 °C while the daily mean
minimum temperature ranges from 16.3 °C to 26.2 °C. However, in summer, the
temperature at times rises much higher – the highest in recent years being 41.3 °C in
March, 2011.
Humidity:Relative humidity ranges from 61% to 87% being the highest in the monsoon
period. During the winter months (November-January) relative humidity ranges from 61%
to 72%.
Rainfall:Almost 60% of the average rainfall occurs in July and August, though figures vary
considerably from year to year.
Source: www.mumbai.climatemps.com
68
July is the rainiest month, usually receiving more than one-third of the annual
rainfall. The average monthly rainfall for July alone during 2004-2008 was 851.2
mm – higher than London’s average annual rainfall of 611 mm.
50% of the rainfall is sometimes received in just 2-3 events. The highest rainfall
recorded in a single day was 944 mm at Santa Cruz (1200 mm is the average annual
rainfall for India) on July 26, 2005.
Probability of flooding is high when rainfall exceeds 100 mm on a given day. The
problem of flooding becomes acute when heavy rainfall coincides with high tide of
more than 4.5 meters.
Storms:Prior to the monsoon (May/June)
and during the post-monsoon months
(October/November) storms and depressions
from the Arabian Sea may cause widespread
heavy rain and gusty winds. However, the
city has not experienced a cyclonic storm in
many years.
Impact on tourism:
The pattern of tourist arrivals in Mumbai is largely determined by the city’s climate. The
peak season for tourism in Mumbai is October to February, when temperatures are mild
and humidity is low.
Rating:
- The mild winter is favourable for tourism - The oppressive summer heat and heavy monsoon rains deter
tourists for most parts of the year
LEGEND
Good
Average
Poor
69
TRANSPORT
GETTING IN
Mumbai’s international airport
receives about 35% of the
foreign tourist arrivals in India
5 National Highways connect
Mumbai to all major Indian
cities by road
The Western and Central
Railways operate several long
distance trains to and from the
city
Mumbai is easily accessible for both domestic and
foreign tourists, being well connected to other
destinations by air, road and rail.
By Air: Mumbai’sChhatrapatiShivaji International
airport (CSIA) is one of the busiest airports in the
country. It receives about 35% of the foreign
tourist arrivals in India. In FY 2012, it handled
30.75 million passengers. It is ranked as the
world’s third best airport by the Airport Council
International (ACI).
It consists of two terminals – terminal 1 (domestic
terminal) and terminal 2 (international terminal).
These two terminals share common airside
facilities but are about 4 km apart.
By Road:The city is well-connected to other parts of the country via road. The city is
served by NH (National Highway) 3 (Nashik, Indore, Gwalior and Agra), NH 4
(Bangalore and Chennai), NH 8 (Delhi via Gujarat and Rajasthan), NH 17 (Goa and
Kerala), NH 222 (Andhra Pradesh) and the Mumbai-Pune Expressway.
70
By Rail: Trains arrive in Mumbai from all over India. The city is the headquarters of
two of Indian Railways’ zones – the Central Railway and the Western Railway.
The Central line provides connectivity to southern India, eastern India and
parts of north India. The key stations are ChhatrapatiShivaji Terminus (CST),
LokmanyaTilak Terminus and Dadar Terminus.
The Western line connects to the western states of Gujarat, Rajasthan and
some parts of north India. The main termini are Mumbai Central and Bandra
Terminus.
The Konkan Railway connects Mumbai to Mangalore along the western
coastline. The Dadar Terminus is the destination for this line.
By Sea:Apart from close by places like Alibaug and Murud, there are no passenger
ships/ferries to other coastal cities. There are a few cruises but they do not ply on a
regular basis.
Impact on tourism
LEGEND
Good
Average
Poor
Rating:
- Connectivity is very good - Amenities at transport termini are poor
Long distance trains at Mumbai Central station
71
One of Mumbai’s key strengths is its connectivity with other parts of the country and
the world. However, much needs to be done to improve the tourist experience on
arrival in the city.
The major transport termini lack passenger amenities such as cloakrooms, well-
maintained restrooms with attached bathrooms, and information kiosks. The absence
of these amenities, which are staples in most world-class cities, is a poor reflection on
Mumbai’s image.
72
TRANSPORT
GETTING AROUND
Mumbai has one of the
most extensive and
efficient transport
systems in India
80% of the city’s
commuters depend on
public transport – the
Suburban Rail System
and BEST buses
The city is also serviced
by taxis and
autorickshaws, and
ferry services are
available at select
locations
Mumbai has a well-developed public transport system.
The city is serviced by the suburban railway, BEST
(Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport) buses, taxis
and autorickshaws. Ferry services are available at select
destinations.
Due to traffic congestion, parking constraints and long
distances, public transport is the preferred mode of travel
with 80% of the city’s commuters depending on it.
Mumbai Suburban Railway: The local trains (‘locals’) of the Mumbai suburban
railway are the backbone of the city’s transport system. There are three lines that
run in the city – the Western Line, the Central Line, and the Harbour Line.
The Western Line runs from Churchgate to Virar, connecting the city and the
western suburbs.
The Central Line runs from ChhatrapatiShivaji Terminus (CST) to Kalyan, with
some trains going beyond to Karjat, Kasara and Khopoli. The interchange
point between the Central Line and the Western Line is Dadar.
The Harbour Line runs from CST to Wadala station before it bifurcates into
two. One branch runs to the eastern suburbs and Navi Mumbai, up to
Panvel. The interchange point of this line with the Central Main Line is Kurla.
Daily journeys by train 6.5 million
Daily journeys by bus 4.7 million
Total daily journeys by public transport 11.2 million
Daily journeys by intermediate public
transport 1.4 million
Daily journeys by other modes (walk trips,
cars) 1.4 million
Total daily journeys 14 million
Source: Disaster Risk Management Master Plan – City Profile: Greater
Mumbai, 2010
73
The other branch meets Mahim on the Western Line, and then runs parallel
up to Andheri.
74
Buses: The major public bus service provider in the city is BEST. It operates in
almost all parts of the metropolis, as well as parts of Navi Mumbai, Mira-Bhayandar
and Thane. In 2012, the BEST had a fleet of 4,680 buses, which was later reduced to
about 4,480. Its fleet includes single and double-decker buses and AC Kinglong
buses.
For visitors to the city, the Mumbai Darshan is a tourist bus service which explores
numerous tourist attractions in Mumbai.
Taxis:Taxis enable passengers to enjoy a higher degree of comfort as compared to
bus or train travel.
There are around 37,000 black-and yellow meter taxis that operate in the
city. These taxis ply throughout Mumbai but have monopoly existence from
Churchgate to Bandra and CST to Sion (where autorickshaws are not
allowed).
For more comfortable travel, there are blue and silver air-conditioned taxis
or ‘cool cabs’ and branded taxi services, offered by players such as Meru
cabs and Priyadarshini cabs.
Autorickshaws: These three-wheelers operate beyond Bandra and Sion in the
western and central suburbs respectively. There are 106,000-odd autorickshaws in
the city. Cheaper than cabs, they are the most widely used public transport within
the suburbs.
Ferry: Ferry services form the last mode of local conveyance.
Cool cab
BEST bus
Taxis
75
One of the several bus stops in the city
that lack shelter and seating facility for
commuters.
Ferry services are available from Gateway
of India to Elephanta caves and nearby
areas of Alibaug, Rewas and Mandwa.
Gorai Beach and Essel world are reached via
ferry from the Gorai jetty in Borivali.
The Versova jetty near Andheri is popular
for getting across to Madh Island, Erangal,
Aksa and Marve.
Ferry services are also available between
Marve Jetty (Malad) and Manori jetty.
Impact on tourism
Mumbai’s public transport is the lifeline of the city. However, the transport services are far
from being tourist friendly.
The cleanliness levels at most railway stations leave much to be desired, while basic
passenger amenities such as toilets are unusable.
On many stations, senior citizens and women
commuters have a great difficulty in boarding and
alighting from trains because of the low height of
the platforms. This often leads to accidents.
The new BEST bus stops have inadequate seating
facility. The switch to the new stops has also been
incomplete. At several locations, the bus stop is
nothing more than a metal pole with a small
board on top, with minimum lighting
arrangement.
The city’s bus stops do not display bus route
information, making bus travel confusing for
tourists.
Rating:
Overcrowding, poor cleanliness, absence of commuter amenities/facilities, safety concerns and rude behavior of service providers are the major issues
LEGEND
Good
Average
Poor
Ferry service
76
Old and ramshackle taxis and autorickshaws still ply on the city’s streets, despite recent
drives to replace them. As compared to a few years ago, their numbers have greatly
fallen, but those that remain pose a threat to commuters’ safety.
Taxi and autorickshaw drivers often take advantage of unsuspecting tourists by
charging exorbitant fares. Refusal to ply is also a common complaint.
77
TRANSPORT
INFRASTRUCTURE
Mumbai has 21st
Century traffic running
on 19th Century
infrastructure.
This section examines
the current status of
transport
infrastructure in the
city and its impact on
tourism.
If Mumbai is to attain the ‘tourist friendly’ tag, in
addition to the provision of transport services and
amenities, soft skills of service providers need to be
developed. Taxi and autorickshaw drivers and bus
conductors require training on how to interact with
tourists.Mumbai may have one of the more extensive
and efficient transport networks within India, but its
infrastructure is woefully inadequate by world-class
standards.
Road infrastructure:
Road length in Mumbai (km)
Island City 506.468
Western Suburbs 927.653
Eastern Suburbs 507.051
Total 1941.172
Three North-South arterial roads (Western Express Highway, Eastern Express
Highway and Sion - Panvel Highway) are the backbone of the road transport system
in Mumbai.
Cross road links are less developed. The streets in most parts of the island city are
old and narrow, and their capacity is seriously reduced by lack of appropriate
management of traffic and parking.
The riding surface of the roads deteriorates during the monsoons, necessitating
routine maintenance. Further, the digging of roads for laying of utility lines
throughout the year, and the subsequent restoration work, leaves the roads in a
bad condition.
Traffic congestion during peak hours in some parts of the city is so high that speeds
come down to a crawling 6 to 8 km/hr. This is especially seen in the areas of Sion,
Dadar and Bandra.
Source: MCGM
Mumbai’s streets cover only about 11% of its surface, compared to 21% in
Delhi and 22% in New York City.
Between 2005 and 2012,
the city’s vehicle
population grew by over
50% but the city's roads
grew by barely 10-11%
Vehicle to Population Ratio = 1:3
In India’s most populous city, this indicates a high level of congestion.
78
Rail infrastructure:
Mumbai’s railway system
caters to north-south
traffic, and the average
trip length is longer than
the bus system.
The trains have sets of 9,
12 and 15 cars.
The total passenger traffic in the suburban rail system of Mumbai has increased six-
fold since inception, while capacity has been augmented by only about 2.3 times.
As a result, each train on an average carries around 4,500 passengers against the
desired average capacity of 1,750 passengers.
Water logging of the tracks during the monsoon is an annual occurrence, leading to
train delays and cancellations.
The passenger amenities at stations are in urgent need of improvement.
Badly maintained stations, serpentine queues for tickets and dirty toilets are
common at most stations.
The coupon and automatic ticket vending machines often do not work causing
great inconvenience to commuters.
As per a survey by the Mumbai Rail Vikas Corporation, a commuter has to
spend an average of 20 minutes in line to purchase a second class ticket.
Mumbai Suburban Railway System Quick Facts
Route length 470 kms
No. of train services per day 2342
No. of daily commuters > 7 million
79
Poorly maintained Western Express Highway
Impact on tourism:
When tourists land in the
city, they make their first
impressions. The poor
state of the Western
Express Highway and other
roads goes towards
Traffic jams due to vehicle
congestion and road
construction deter tourists
from exploring the city.
While experienced locals may
be undeterred by packed-to-
capacity suburban trains, for
visitors to the city, travel
during peak hour in the
direction of the rush is
impossible.
Most of India’s international
visitors use Mumbai as the transit port of entry and exit. This captive audience can be
transformed into tourists. However, if the city is to attract these potential visitors, its
transport infrastructure needs to be brought up to world-class standards.
Rating:
Infrastructure is highly inadequate and poorly maintained
LEGEND
Good
Average
Poor
Mumbai suburban
trains have the highest
passenger density in
the world at 11-13
persons per sq. meter
80
TRANSPORT
INFRASTRUCTURE
Key Projects
This section briefly
outlines the projects
planned and/or being
implemented to upgrade
the city’s transport
infrastructure
The three main problem areas in the city’s transport
infrastructure are:
a) Severe north-south congestion on the western and
central railway lines and the key arterial roads.
b) Lack of east-west connectivity within the city
c) Poor connectivity between the city and the
hinterland.
Some of the key project planned and/or being
implemented to address these issues are:
MRTS (Mass Rapid Transit System) or Mumbai Metro
Description:The main objective of this project is
to provide mass rapid transit services to people within
an approach distance of 1 to 2 km, and to serve the areas not connected by the
existing Suburban Rail network. 146 km of rail network will be added under this
project.
Current Status:The Versova - Ghatkopar line of the Metro is expected to become
operational by December, 2013. It will provide a vital east-west link and reduce
travel time from 90 minutes to just 20 minutes
81
MUTP (Mumbai Urban Transport Project)
Description:This project has road and rail components and is being implemented
with World Bank funding. The thrust of the project is to improve the suburban rail
system, with moderate investments in expansion of the bus fleet, construction of
new roads, rail over bridges and pedestrian grade separators, and station area
traffic improvements.
Current Status:The project has been planned in three phases. The rail component
of Phase-1 has been completed.Of the major road components of MUTP-1, the
Santacruz - Chembur Link Road is still under construction. MUTP-2 is under way,
while Phase-3 is in the planning stage.
MUIP (Mumbai Urban Infrastructure Project)
Description:It is aimed at enhancing Mumbai’s road network. This project focuses
on building flyovers/elevated roads, road over bridges (ROBs), subways, bus
corridors and new bus terminals/depots on key north-south and east-west links. It
also focuses on improving the station areas.
Current Status:Several projects are included under MUIP. While many have been
completed, several others are still in progress.
15-car local train introduced on Western Railway under MUTP-1
82
Western Freeway
Description:This project was proposed to ease congestion on the Bandra - Cuffe
Parade corridor through the construction of a sea-link.
Current Status:The first phase of the project, the Rajiv Gandhi Sea Link, which links
Bandra and the western suburbs of Mumbai with Worli and central Mumbai, has
been completed. The second phase which will connect the Worli end of Rajiv
Gandhi Sea Link to Nariman Point and further to Cuffe Parade has come into several
hurdles and work is yet to be started.
International Airport at Navi Mumbai
Description:Mumbai’s only airport, the ChhatrapatiShivaji International Airport, is
approaching saturation in terms of passenger handling capacity. The proposed
airport at Navi Mumbai will be able to increase capacity by handling an additional
40 million passengers a year.
Current Status:Construction is being held up due to environmental issues.
Bandra-Worli Sea link (officially known as the Rajiv Gandhi Sea Link)
83
Monorail network
Description:The objective of the Monorail system is to cover areas not serviced by
the suburban rail system and the metro rail system; and areas where widening of
roads is not possible due to structures on either side. As compared to other
systems, the Monorail produces less noise and is eco-friendly, making it suitable for
dense residential areas.
Current Status:Following a successful trial run in February, the Chembur – Wadala
corridor is expected to become operational in August 2013. It will be India’s first
monorail route.
Passenger water transportation
Description:Passenger water transport along the east and west coast of Mumbai
has been envisaged as a long term measure to relieve the pressure on the city’s
overloaded rail and road systems.
Current Status:The proposed projects are still in the approval stage.
84
Mumbai Trans Harbour Link (MTHL)
Description:This project aims at augmenting the capacity of arterials linking Greater
Mumbai to the rest of the metropolitan region. Under Phase I, a 22 km road bridge
from Sewri to NhavaSheva will be constructed, which will be linked to the Mumbai-
Pune Expressway in the east, and to the Western Freeway in the west. A broad
gauge double track from Sewri to NhavaSheva will be constructed in Phase II.
Current Status:Work on the project is expected to start by end-2013
Impact on tourism
The various projects in the pipeline, once completed, are expected to greatly improve
the travel experience in the city. However, a key issue across all projects is the delay in
the completion of work. Most of the projects have long since exceeded their expected
deadline.
The city’s travel woes get worse with every passing year and though plans have been
formulated, speedy implementation is now the need of the hour.
LEGEND
Good
Average
Poor
Rating:
- The projects are expected to improve the transport situation in Mumbai
- But delays in project completion are a persistent problem
85
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1981 1991
Share in employment (%)
Manufacturingsector
Service sector
SOCIO-ECONOMIC
ASPECTS
The service sector (both formal
and informal) accounts for
three-fourths of the jobs in the
city
More people are employed in
the informal than the formal
sector
Mumbai is a rich city by Indian
standards, but there is wide
income disparity between the
rich and the poor
Ethnic and religious diversity,
largely due to migration, give
Mumbai a unique culture.
Mumbai’s economic growth has closely shaped the
urban fabric of the city. As Mumbai’s economy
passed through various stages – from being
primarily a sea port; to a manufacturing hub; to a
financial, commercial and entertainment centre – it
left a lasting impact on people’s lifestyles, standard
of living and the culture of the city.
Occupational distribution:
Up to the 1980s, the manufacturing and
industrial sector, particularly the textile industry,
was the main provider of employment in the city.
The prolonged mill workers’ strike in the
early 1980s triggered the closure of the textile
mills. Subsequently, there was also a large scale
relocation of engineering, chemicals and
pharmaceutical industries from Mumbai to
locations elsewhere.
With the economic liberalization of
the 1990s, the service sector
received an impetus.
Over time, the service sector
displaced the manufacturing sector
as the city’s main employer.
The service-based businesses are
mainly in sectors like finance, IT,
telecom, tourism, entertainment,
advertising and communication,
etc.
At present, the service sector provides around
two-thirds of the jobs in Mumbai
86
Informalisation of employment in the city:
The displaced mill and other manufacturing workers had to turn to the unorganized
sector for employment. The growth of formal-jobs in the service sector was not
adequate enough to absorb them. In addition, most of the new jobs created in the
formal sector were only accessible to those with specific and specialized skill-sets.
Migrants continued to pour into ‘the city where no one goes hungry’, attracted by the
rapid growth post-liberalization. But unlike earlier times, there were no mills or
factories to absorb them. Hence, right from their arrival they were forced to join the
informal sector.
Employment in the informal sector started growing at a faster rate than that in the
formal sector resulting in its share of total employment increasing over time.
The wide income disparities so blatantly visible in the city at present have a background
in this informalisation of labour.
There is hardly any regulation of working conditions in the informal sectorand social
security is virtually non-existent. The living standards of the workers are low, and often
they are paid less than the stipulated minimum wages.
Employment in six key sectors in Mumbai in 2012:
Sector % of total employment (2012)
Financial and business services 16.5
Manufacturing 8.9
Wholesale and retail 22.4
Construction 3.1
Health 5.5
Hospitality and tourism 10.9
Source: Cities of Opportunity, PwC (2012)
It is estimated
that at present,
around 68% of
the city’s
workforce is
employed in the
informal sector
87
Income distribution:
As compared to the rest of India, Mumbai is a rich city. An average middle class
person in Mumbai is wealthy by Indian standards.
Mumbai’s annual per capita income in 2010-11 was Rs. 1.41 lakh (at current prices).
This was higher than Delhi’s which was Rs. 1.35 lakh. In fact, the per capita income
in Mumbai was higher than that of the rest of Maharashtra (which was Rs. 87,686),
as well as India (which was Rs. 53,331).
However, these figures do not reveal the wide income disparity in the city where
both extreme wealth and absolute poverty are clearly visible.
Mumbai ranks 6th among the top 10 countries with the most billionaires in the
world, yet it also has the dubious distinction of having 20% of its population, or 1 in
5 Mumbaikars, below poverty line.
Mumbai,allegorically
speaking, is actually two
cities: a city of the ‘haves’,
and a city of the ‘have-
nots’
- Mumbai Human
Development Report
2009
High rise buildings are seen behind a slum in Mumbai
88
The post-liberalization period saw the
rise of the ‘Great Indian Middle Class’.
Nowhere was this trend more evident
than in Mumbai.
Incomes rose and a new culture of
consumption emerged. However, a
large section of the population – the
urban poor– was left out of this growth
story.
Mumbai’s poor are found in the numerous slums that dot the city, in the decrepit
chawlsand on the pavements.
The island city area has around 17% of the slum population, the western suburbs
have 58% and the rest are in the eastern suburbs.
These slums have mushroomed as a result of the influx of migrants, coupled with
lack of affordable housing for the poor.
As per the Mumbai City Development Plan 2005-2025, the average monthly
household income in the slums was Rs. 3000 and 40% of slum-dwellers were below
the poverty line.
Source: UN-HABITAT
Slum dwellers live in
cramped, unsanitary
conditions without access
to even basic civic
amenities
60% of the city’s
population live in slums
which occupy only 6% of
the land
89
777
822
838
857
720
740
760
780
800
820
840
860
880
Mumbai CityDistrtict
MumbaiSuburban
District
Sex ratio, Mumbai
2001
2011
Age structure:
The age-group wise population breakup from Census 2011 is not yet available. As per the
2001 Census, Mumbai’s population is relatively young, with 68% of the population under
34 years of age. Only 6.5% of the total population is above 60 years.
Sex-ratio:
The sex ratio (females per 1000 males) in
Mumbai city is 838 and in Mumbai Suburbs it
is 857.This is lower than that of Maharashtra
(925) as well as India (940).
Sex-selection due to a preference for the male
child is a problem even in this modern city.
However, as migration plays an important role
in population growth of Mumbai, the skewed
sex ratio can also partly be explained by the
tendency of males to migrate first, leaving
behind their families in the villages.
Literacy rate:
Mumbai’s suburban district is the
most literate area in Maharashtra
with 90.90% literacy rate according
to the 2011 census.
Microcosm of India: Religious and ethnic diversity
Mumbai is a city of many faiths. It is a city where religious conviction and
secularism go hand in hand.
Over the decades, people from all over the country have migrated here, making the
city a ‘mini-India’.
Literacy rate (%) as per Census of India, 2011
Male Female Overall
Mumbai city district 90.54 86.03 88.48
Mumbai suburban district 94.28 86.93 90.90
Source: Census of India, 2011
90
Over 50% of the
population in Mumbai is
of non-Maharashtrian
ethnicity
Due to the ethnic diversity, a variety of languages can be heard in the city. Most
educated Mumbaikars know English, Hindi and Marathi, often in addition to a
regional language.
The city has also evolved its own distinctive style of speech – the ‘Bombaiyya Hindi’
used on the streets.
People from diverse backgrounds find it easy to assimilate into the urban fabric of
the city. Yet they retain the distinctive practices of their place of origin.
The plurality of religions, ethnicities, languages and cultural traditions makes
Mumbai a truly cosmopolitan city.
Life in Mumbai
Mumbai’s culture and lifestyle have changed with the changing times. The slow
grind of the mill days has given way to life in the fast lane, fuelled by stress and fast
food.
Today, tradition and modernity co-exist in the city, giving it a unique character.
Vibrant festivals like Ganesh Chaturthi and DahiHandi bring out the community
spirit and are reminiscent of the slowly fading chawl culture – a time when
neighbours lived so close that they couldn’t help but care about each other. At the
same time, the city’s thriving nightlife caters to its westernized youth.
Mumbai is the celluloid capital of India and glitz and glamour dominate the lifestyle
in the more cosmopolitan areas. It is but natural that the city which is the home of
Bollywood superstars is also the trendsetter when it comes to fashion.
68%
17%
4% 4%
7%
Religious composition, Mumbai
Hindus
Muslims
Christians
Buddhists
Others
91
The various fashion shows held in the city, and most notably the Lakmé Fashion
Week, cement Mumbai’s position as the destination for the fashion conscious.
Every area in the city has its own unique
subculture. Within the urban landscape itself,
gaothans such as Khotachiwadi provide a rural
experience.
The city’s social and cultural calendar is chock-
a-block with events of a varied nature. From
religious festivals to cultural events such as
the Prithvi Theatre Festival; to new additions
like the Mumbai International Motor Show,
Mumbai has something to offer everyone, all
the year through.
Impact on tourism
Rating:
- The diversity of cultures, religions and festivals is a strong pull factor for tourists
- However, blatant income disparity and poverty is a shameful problem that needs attention
LEGEND
Good
Average
Poor
Clockwise from top-right: Prithvi Theatre Festival poster, Mood Indigo: IIT-Bombay (Asia’s largest
college festival), Bandra Fair
92
TOURISM
DRIVERS OF
MUMBAI
What drives people from
all over the place to
Mumbai?
Business
Leisure
Education
Healthcare
TOURISM
DRIVERS OF
MUMBAI
What drives people from
all over the place to
Mumbai?
Business
Leisure
Education
Healthcare
Tourism Drivers of Mumbai
Mumbai is one of the few cities to have multiple tourism drivers. While
business and career hold the majority portion of tourism drivers, there
are many additional features that attract people from all over. Mumbai
enjoys high popularity among the youth of India, basically from rural
and tier 2, 3 cities.
Being the financial capital of India, home to MNCs and large corporate
houses, people come to Mumbai for their career prospects and
livelihood. Mumbai is the center for attraction for entrepreneurs,
businessman, traders, and executives.
Tourism Drivers of Mumbai
Business Education
Leisure Healthcare
Mumbai is rather only city which have multi tourism drivers. While
business and career holds the majority portion of multi tourism drivers,
there are many that attracts people from all over the places. Mumbai
enjoy high popularity among the youths of India, basically from rural
and tier 2, 3 cities.
Being the financial capital of India, home to MNCs, large corporate
houses, people come to Mumbai for their career prospects and
livelihood. Mumbai is center for attraction for entrepreneurs,
businessman, traders, and executives.
Tourism Drivers of Mumbai
Business Education
Leisure Healthcare
Business
Leisure
Education
Healthcare
INTERNATIONAL
INTERNATIONAL
DOMESTIC
DOMESTIC
93
ATTRACTIONS
/ASSETS OF
MUMBAI
Key Attractions of Mumbai:
GATEWAY OF INDIA:
The Gateway of India was built to welcome King
George V & Queen Mary to Mumbai in 1911.
It is Mumbai’s most amazing and recognized
monument, Built in Indo – Saracenic style.It is a
combination of Hindu and Muslim architectural
style.
It is one of the most visited places in Mumbai, by
tourists.
Located in South Mumbai
Estimated Annual Visitors: 4 Mn
Mumbai is the only city that offers a wide range of tourist products and
destinations, catering demand for every class and segment of society.
From heritage structures to beaches, tradition to modern architecture,
natural beauties, multi religious spot, etc. the city has it all. Mumbai
has a wide range of tourist offering.
The city has a sparking night life; live music venues and open mic nights
which are the main contributors of Mumbai’s economy. Though a
major chunk of Mumbai’s key tourist places are located in South Mumbai,
MumbaiSuburbs also hold some key tourist destinations.
What Mumbai holds?
Wide range of tourist destinations
Festivals, Food, Shopping
Buzzing night life
Bollywood
Mumbai is the only city that offers wide range of tourist products and
destinations, catering demand for every class and segment of society. From
heritage structures to beaches, tradition to modern architecture, natural
beauties, multi religious spot etc. the city has it all. Mumbai has wide range of
offerings.
The city has a sparking night life; live music venues and open mic nights which
are the main contributors of Mumbai’s economy. Though a major chunk of
Mumbai’s key tourist places are located in South Mumbai, Mumbai Suburbs also
hold some the key tourist destinations.
What Mumbai holds?
Wide range of tourist destinations
Festivals, Food, Shopping
Buzzing night life
Bollywood
94
BEACHES:
As a coastal city, Mumbai is blessed with many beaches along its western coast. The beaches
from south to north are as follow:
Chowpatti (Girgaum)
DadarChowpatti
Juhu
Versova
Madh Island
Aksa
Manori
Marve
Gorai
Ariel View of Juhu Beach – Most visited destination of Mumbai
Falls under
Mumbai Suburbs
Total Coastal Length: 73.21Km
Island City: 29.43Km
Mumbai Suburban: 43.785Km
Total Coastal Length: 73.21Km
Island City: 29.43Km
Mumbai Suburban: 43.785Km
95
SANJAY GANDHI NATIONAL PARK:
It is a large protected area in the
northern part of suburban Mumbai
city, spread over 104 Sq.km, the
largest natural reserve in one of the
biggest urban sprawls. It attracts
over 2 million visitors every year.
Besides sheltering various species of
animals and birds, the park contains
some historical structures like
Kanheri Caves, lakes, etc.
Inside SANJAY GANDHI NATIONAL PARK
Kanheri Caves: demonstrate the
Buddhist influence on the art and culture
of India.
Kanheri Caves: demonstrate the
Buddhist influence on the art and culture
of India.
Tulsi&Vihar Lake
Tulsi&Vihar Lake
Wild Life
Wild Life
96
CHHATRAPATI SHIVAJI TERMINUS:
Designed by Frederick William Stevens with influence from Victorian Italianate Gothic Revival
architecture is a railway station built in 1887. The magnificent historical building is an iconic
structure in this modern city.
HAJI ALI SHRINE:
Located on an islet off the coast
of Worli in Southern Mumbai, is
one of the most widely
recognized landmarks of
Mumbai
The dargah was constructed in
1431 in memory of Muslim
merchant Sayyed Peer Haji Ali
Shah Bukhari
97
MARINE DRIVE / NARIMAN POINT
Marine Drive popularly known as ‘Queen’s Necklace’; is 4.5 Km long C shaped road along
the coast
This is the stretch now known as NetajiSubhash Chandra Bose Road with Nariman Point on
one end to Babulnath, at the foot of Walkeshwar on the other. For the most part, a
pleasant promenade continues along the beach.
Nariman Point located nearby to Marine Drive is Mumbai’s premier business district.
People usually after their work come and visit here to rewind themselves.
98
PRINCE OF WALES MUSEUM
Located in the heart of South Mumbai, the museum was built in 1923 in the Indo – Saracenic style
of architecture to honor the visit of King George. It is one of India's finest museums, with
treasures, artifacts, paintings and sculptures from many periods. It also covers India’s history,
including the Indus Valley Civilization.
JEHANGIR ART GALLERY
Mumbai’s most famous art gallery
and tourist attraction,
JehengirArtGallery was founded by
Sir CrowasjiJehangir in 1952.
It hosts Mumbai’s famous art
shows and exhibitions.
99
CRAWFORD MARKET
Mumbai’s most famous market is named after Arthur Crawford, the first Municipal
Commissioner of the city.
The market was designed by British architect William Emerson. The market covers an
area of 22,471 Sq.Mtr and offers a wide range of merchandise and products.
ELEPHANTA CAVES
The Elephanta Cave complex is a collection
of shrines, courtyards, inner cells, grand halls
and porticos arranged in the splendid
symmetry of Indian rock-cut architecture,
and filled with exquisite stone sculptures of
Hindu Gods and Goddesses. It is situated on
Gharapuri Island in Mumbai's harbor, about
an hour's boat ride from the Gateway of
India. At the entrance to the caves is the
famous Trimurti, the celebrated trinity of
Elephanta.
100
Greater Mumbai – Key Tourist Attractions
101
MUMBAI’S
ATTRACTIONS
Festivals / Events
The city comes alive during
festivals
The cosmopolitan population
of Mumbai has developed a
unique culture were festivals
of every religion is celebrated
with same enthusiasm
MUMBAI’S
ATTRACTIONS
Festivals / Events
The city comes alive during
festivals
The cosmopolitan population
of Mumbai has develop a
unique culture were festivals
of every religion is celebrated
with same enthusiasm
FESTIVALS/FAIRS/EVENTSIN MUMBAI
LEGEND: S – Events / Festivals in Mumbai Suburbs High Moderate Low
Festivals/Fairs/Events Probable Period Tourist inflow
LOCAL FESTIVALS/FAIRS INTERNATIONAL DOMESTIC LOCAL
Ganesh Chaturthi(all over the state) August – September DahiHandi (all over the state) August – September Bandra Fair (Bandra) - S September Erangal Fest (Erangal beach, Malad)- S January Mango Festival March - April Mumbai International Boat Show February
EVENTS
Mumbai Marathon January
Film Fare Awards - S February – March
Mumbai International Film Festival Not Specific
Lakme Fashion Show August – October March – April
IPL & Champion Leagues March May
Bangana (organize by MTDC) January
Kala Ghoda Arts Festival January – February
Elephanta Festival (Elephanta Island) February
Parle Mahotsav- S December
Mumbai’s population has always been heterogeneous for many
years. People from different parts of the country have settled in this
city.
The cosmopolitan characteristic of this city has developed a unique
culture. Festivals, customs and rituals of all religions and cultures are
celebrated with the same enthusiasm.
The communities that inhabited this city brought their native food
and culture that spilled into the city. Mumbai is one of the few cities,
where you can find the most expensive designer shops and the
cheapest street stalls. Street shopping is an important driver that
attracts people from surrounding areas to come and spend in
Mumbai.
Mumbai’s population has always been heterogeneous for many
years. People from different parts of the country have settled in this
city.
The cosmopolitan characteristic of this city have developed a unique
culture. Festivals, customs and rituals of all religions and cultures are
celebrated with the same enthusiasm.
The communities that inhabited this city brought their native food
and culture that spilled into the city. Mumbai is one of the few cities,
where you can find the most expensive designer shops and the
cheapest street stalls. Street shopping is an important driver that
attracts people from surrounding areas to come and spend in
Mumbai.
102
MUMBAI’S
ATTRACTIONS
Festivals
Pictures Gallery
Mumbai Marathon – When Mumbai comes on street
Dahi Handi –
The Human
Pyramid
Ganesh
Festival is the
city’s own
festival which
attracts
millions of
tourists from
all over the
place
103
MUMBAI’S
ATTRACTIONS Cuisines
One of the Mumbai’s greater
attraction is its cuisine
Mumbai is known for its
variety of cuisine from
almost every region of the
world
The street food of Mumbai is
most easily accessible by any
place at any time.
MUMBAI’S
ATTRACTIONS Cuisines
One of the Mumbai’s greater
attraction is its cuisine
Mumbai is known for its
variety of cuisine from
almost every region of the
world
The street food of Mumbai is
most easily accessible at any
place at any time.
Some of Mumbai’s Renowned Restaurants
Irani Cafes
Leopold Cafes
Mahesh Lunch home
Candies
Copper Chimney
Indigo
Delhi Darbar
Borivali Biryani Centre
Some of Mumbai’s famous street food Joint
Chowpatti–Juhu:Noted for its Bhelpuri & Kulfis
Vile Parle –Bandra – Ghatkopar – Andheri - Versova: One can find many small street food joints
scatter all over the place serving varieties of cuisines. Beside street foods, these areas also reside
in Mumbai’s renowned restaurants, pubs, bars and other eateries.
Some of Mumbai’s Famous Street Food Spots
1. Mohammed Ali Road – South Mumbai – Famous for non-vegetarian delights
2. Hill Road – Bandra – Mumbai Suburbs – Known for its Pani Puri and Sandwiches
3. Lucky Sandwich, Maruti Pav Bhajji – Vile Parle – Mumbai Suburbs
4. Bademiya – South Mumbai – Known for its Kebabs and rolls
As Mumbai has grown exponentially, so its restaurants and food.
There is wide offering of cuisines from all corners of the country.
Be it Gujarati, Punjabi, Jain, Mughlai or international continental
cuisines, there is something for everyone.
Street food is common all over India, but street food in Mumbai is
noted because people from all economic classes eat on the streets
almost around the clock. Many Mumbaikars like a small snack
from road side eateries in the evening.
The history of food is closely linked to the growth of this city from
a fishing village to a metropolis. As people from different parts of
India started settling in the city, they brought their native culture
and traditional food to this city. The city has developed some of its
unique street food like Vada – Pav, other cuisine like Panipuri,
Sandwich, PavBhaji, Sevpuri, Idlis and Dosasare served distinctly in
its own style.
As Mumbai have grown exponentially, so its restaurants and food.
There are wide offering of cuisines from all corners of country. Be
it Gujarati, Punjabi, Jain, Mughlai or international continental
cuisines, there is something for everyone.
Street food is common all over India, but street food in Mumbai is
noted because people from all economic classes eat on the streets
almost around the clock. Many Mumbaikars like a small snack
from road side eateries in the evening.
The history of food is closely linked to the growth of this city from
a fishing village to a metropolis. As people from different parts of
India started settling in the city, they brought their native culture
and traditional food to this city. The city has developed some of its
unique street food like Vada – Pav, other cuisine like Panipuri,
Sandwich, PavBhaji, Sevpuri, Idlis and Dosas are served distinctly
in its own style.
104
MUMBAI’S
ATTRACTIONS
Restaurants –
Pictures Gallery
Leopold Café –Most visited by international tourists
Irani Cafés are the most popular and oldest in Mumbai.
105
MUMBAI’S
ATTRACTIONS
Street Food –
Pictures Gallery
Street food at Juhu Beach
Bademiyas- Known for its Kebabs and rolls
106
MUMBAI’S
ATTRACTIONS
Shopping
Mumbai is full of interesting places for street shopping. Mumbai offers a wide range of
shoppingcenters for various types of products and merchandise from clothes to electronic gadgets.
There is lacked of organized street shopping in the city; most of the street shopping spots
are mostly unorganized and crowded.
Street shopping spots in Mumbai Suburbs:
Elco Market, Linking Road, (Bandra) –Clothes, footwear and accessories
Hill Road (Bandra) - Clothes, footwear and accessories.
Alfa Market (Vile Parle) - Electronic Products
Fashion Street (Ghatkopar) –Readymade Garments
Mumbai’s famous street shopping spots:
ChorBazzarhas a phenomenal collection of antiques, jewelry, wooden
articles, leatherwear and general nick-knacks.
Crawford Market: Famous for flowers, fruits, meat, fish and
miscellaneous products
Colaba Causeway: Shoes, cotton clothes, kaftans, clothes and
accessories
Bandra:Linking Road is famous for branded luxury showroom and
Local Street shopping for shoes, bags, imitation jewelry, clothing etc.
Azeri Bazaar: Famous for jewelry
Fashion Street (South Mumbai): Readymade garments and
accessories
Manish Market: Miscellaneous products
Lamington Road: Electronic products
Mumbai’s famous street shopping spots:
ChorBazzarhas a phenomenal collection of antiques, jewelry, wooden
articles, leatherwear and general nick-knacks.
Crawford Market: Famous for flowers, fruits, meat, fish and
miscellaneous products
Colaba Causeway: Shoes, cotton clothes, kaftans, clothes and
accessories
Bandra:Linking Road is famous for branded luxury showroom and
Local Street shopping for shoes, bags, imitation jewelry, clothing etc.
Zaveri Bazaar: Famous for jewelry
Fashion Street (South Mumbai): Readymade garments and
accessories
Manish Market: Miscellaneous products
Lamington Road: Electronic products
107
MUMBAI’S
ATTRACTIONS
Shopping
Pictures
Gallery
MUMBAI’S
ATTRACTIONS
Shopping
Pictures
Gallery
CHOR BAZZAR – One of the largest Flea Markets
Fashion Street - Mumbai
Linking Road - Bandra
108
MUMBAI’S
ATTRACTIONS
Education
Mumbai is one of the important educational hubs for the country.
Mumbai’s university is one of the oldest universities. Lack of good
institutes in rural areas and tier 2 cities drive students to Mumbai
for education.
Mumbai offers education in almost every field from core streams
like engineering, medical, management, commerce, arts to niche
specialized streams like film making, animation, public relations,
brand consulting, etc.
Prominent Education Institutes in Mumbai:
Indian Institute of Technology
VeermataJijabhai Technological Institute (VJTI)
University Institute of Chemical Technology (UICT)
National Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE)
J.J School of Arts
Government college of Law
University of Mumbai
109
MUMBAI’S
ATTRACTIONS
Healthcare
Mumbai is known as the Mecca for all kinds of medical aid and its
healthcare sector. The city hosts some of the specialized and
prominent health care centers which are the key driving force that
pull domestic tourists from smaller cities to Mumbai. The city has a
vast supply of public and private health care services. The services
range from super specialty, tertiary-level care hospitals to general
practitioners. Recent years have seen plush corporate hospitals
mushrooming all over the suburbs to cater to the tertiary ailments of
those living in the city.
The city is positioned to be much ahead of other cities in the country
in terms of pioneering clinical practices, incorporating technological
advancements and more importantly, considering healthcare delivery
as a business proposition.
Major healthcare institutes in Mumbai:
LilavatiHosptial
Fortis
Hinduja
Hiranandani
Seven Hills
Holy Spirit
Dr. Balabhai Nanavati
St. George
Sion Hospital
KEM
Jaslok
Brach Candy
Clockwise Pictures:
Lilavati,
Breach Candy,
Jaslok,
Hinduja
Clockwise Pictures:
Lilavati,
110
MUMBAI’S
ATTRACTIONS
Intangible Assets
Besides tangible assets of Mumbai: tourist spots, food, and other
tangible attractions, there are several intangible aspects of Mumbai
that attracts people from all over the world to the city. The city has
its own market position and segment in people’s mind that have
been developed for many years, which distinguish it from other
cities.
3 out of 5 people from smaller towns choose Mumbai over other
metros due to its unique symbol and iconic status.
Mumbai’s Intangible Assets:
Bollywood: Indians are known for their fetish for movies, bollywood actors and stars.
Mumbai is the home of bollywood and iconic stars that are admired all over the world. People
from all over the country travel miles to visit Mumbai just to get glimpse of them.
City that never sleeps: Mumbai has its own unique culture; the city is active for 24 hours.
The city is known for its lavish night lifestyle and working culture.
City of dreams: Mumbai is the financial hub of the country; the city generates highest
employment opportunities. There is something for everyone in this city. These factors attract
people from other cities and town to come and try their fortune in this city.
Mumbai’s Spirit: Though there is always communal harmony among the citizens of
Mumbai. The city has gone through a lot of uncertainties in the past like terror attacks,
disasters, communal riots, etc., but the spirit of the city has triumphs over all the
uncertainties. Mumbai is known for its positive attitude and never dying spirit.
111
Mumbai Suburbs – Detailed Analysis
112
Suburban Cities Profile: Type of Tourists & Tourism Drivers
CITIES TYPE OF TOURISTS TOURISM DRIVERS
(share percentage) International Domestic
Jogeshwari
Goregaon
Versova
Andheri
Juhu
Santacruz
Borivali (Gorai included)
Dahisar
Kandivali
Malad (Madh& other beaches included)
Chembur
Govandi
Trombay
Vile Parle
Bandra
Kurla
Mulund
Vikhroli
Ghatkopar
Powai
High
Moderate
Low Others
Religious
Leisure
Business
Uncategorized
113
Mumbai
Suburbs
Classification of
Tourist
Destinations
The various tourist destinations of Mumbai Suburbs
are classified on the following parameters:
PARAMETERS TOURIST DESTINATIONS LOCATION
Leisure
Amusement Parks: Essel World, Water Kingdom Gorai, Borivali
Beaches: 1. Juhu, 2. Versova 3. Aksa, Erangal, Marve, Manori, Madh Island 4. Gorai
1. Juhu 2. Versova 3. Malad 4. Gorai, Borivali
Water Front : 1. Carter Road, Band Stand 2. Powai Lake
1. Bandra 2. Powai
Business/ Conventional centers
1. BandraKurla Complex 2. SEEPZ 3. Bombay Exhibition Centre 4. MMRDA ground
1. Bandra – Kurla 2. Andheri 3. Goregaon 4. Bandra
Eco 1. Sanjay Gandhi National Park (SGNP) 2. Aarey Milk Colony
1. Borivali 2. Kandivali
Heritage/ Historical
1. Bandra Fort 2. Madh Fort 3. Kanheri Caves (SGNP) 4. Mandepeshwar Caves 5. Jogeshwari Caves 6. Mahakali Caves
1. Bandra 2. Madh Island 3. Borivali 4. Borivali 5. Jogeshwari 6. Andheri
Religious
1. Global Vipassana Pagoda 2. Gilbert hills 3. Iskcon Temple 4. Mount Mary Church 5. St. Bonaventure Church
1. Gorai 2. Andheri 3. Juhu 4. Bandra 5. Madh Island
Miscellaneous
1. BARC 2. Film City 3. Mehboob Studio 4. Prithvi Theatre 5. Godrej Marine Ecology
1. Trombay 2. Goregaon 3. Bandra 4. Juhu 5. Vikhroli
Leisure: Places exploited for leisure/recreational activities
Business: Locations were tourists visit for business purpose
Eco: Locations for natural beauties and landscapes
Heritage: heritage/historical structures in the city
Religious: Places of religious importance
Miscellaneous
Leisure: Places exploited for leisure/recreational activities
Business: Locations were tourists visit for business purpose
Eco:Locations for natural beauties and landscapes
Heritage:Heritage/historical structures in the city
Religious:Places of religious importance
Miscellaneous
114
Mumbai
Suburbs Tourist Destinations
Current Status
Leisure
JUHU
Juhu is the most visited destination in Mumbai
It is 6 km long and is ringed by the Arabian Sea on the west. The
southern end of the beach is marked by a number of luxury
hotels.
This flat beach, situated in the heart of the city, remains
crowded with visitors around the year
*Actual physical occupancy at any given time
PARAMETERS STATUS
Attractiveness
Popularity
Scope for further development
Visiting Tourist Profile
International
Domestic
Local
Seasonality
February – May
June – September
October - January
Visitors Visiting Time
Morning
Day
Evening - Night
High Medium Low
Utilization of Potential
Utilization of Potential
Occupancy*
Occupancy*
ACTUAL
UTILIZATION
ACTUAL
UTILIZATION
115
Mumbai
Suburbs Tourist Destinations
Current Status
Leisure
MADH ISLAND
Madh Island is a group of several quaint fishing villages and
farmlands in northern Mumbai
The beach is underexpliot, as it is mainly used by fishermen
There is occasionl gathering of people in this beach
The beach is stratgically located in close proximity to other
beaches like Aksa, Manori and Marve
PARAMETERS STATUS
Attractiveness
Popularity
Scope for further development
Visiting Tourist Profile
International
Domestic
Local
Seasonality -
February – May
June – September
October - January
Visitors Visiting Time
Morning
Day
Evening - Night
High Medium Low
Occupancy
Occupancy
Utilization of Potential
Utilization of Potential
ACTUAL
UTILIZATION
ACTUAL
UTILIZATION
116
Mumbai
Suburbs TouristDestinationsC
urrent Status
Leisure
AKSA BEACH
Mumbai
Suburbs Tourist
DestinationsCurrent
Status
Leisure
AKSA BEACH
Aksa Beach is a popular beach and a vacation spot in Aksa
village at Malad
This beach is one of the most silent and least visited beach
It is the most cleanest beach of Mumbai, and has the
tremendous potential for further development
PARAMETERS STATUS
Attractiveness
Popularity
Scope for further development
Visiting Tourist Profile
International
Domestic
Local
Seasonality -
February – May
June – September
October - January
Visitors Visiting Time
Morning
Day
Evening - Night
High Medium Low
ACTUAL
UTILIZATION
ACTUAL
UTILIZATION
Occupancy
Occupancy
Utilization of Potential
Utilization of Potential
117
Mumbai
Suburbs Tourist Destinations
Current Status
Leisure
VERSOVA BEACH
Mumbai
Suburbs TouristDestinationsC
urrent Status
Leisure
VERSOVA BEACH
Versova beach stretches along the Arabian Sea.
It is the home for many of the Mumbai’s fishing community; the
Kolis reside at one end of the Versova beach.
Fishing is the primary industry in this area
The beach is strategically located, with close proximity to Vile
Parle, Andheri, Juhu and Bandra.
PARAMETERS STATUS
Attractiveness
Popularity
Scope for further development
Visiting Tourist Profile
International
Domestic
Local
Seasonality -
February – May
June – September
October - January
Visitors Visiting Time
Morning
Day
Evening - Night
High Medium Low
Occupancy
Occupancy
Utilization of Potential
Utilization of Potential
ACTUAL
UTILIZATION
ACTUAL
118
Mumbai
Suburbs Tourist Destinations
Current Status
Leisure
GORAI BEACH
Mumbai
Suburbs TouristDestinationsC
urrent Status
Leisure
GORAI BEACH
Gorai has a rich history; it is among the few places were thePortuguese
got settled in the 16thcentury.
Mumbai’s only amusement park resides in this region.
Gorai also has some of the historical churches build by the Portuguese,
like Reis Magos or the Three Magi, the newer Parish church.
PARAMETERS STATUS
Attractiveness
Popularity
Scope for further development
Visiting Tourist Profile
International
Domestic
Local
Seasonality
February – May
June – September
October - January
Visitors Visiting Time
Morning
Day
Evening - Night
High Medium Low
ACTUAL
UTILIZATION
ACTUAL
UTILIZATION
Occupancy
Occupancy
Utilization of Potential
Utilization of Potential
119
Mumbai
Suburbs Tourist Destinations
Current Status
Leisure
POWAI LAKE
Mumbai
Suburbs TouristDestinationsC
urrent Status
Leisure
POWAI LAKE
Powai lake spread over 2.1 Sq.km is an artificial lake, situated in
Powai suburbs of Mumbai
The water of the lake is declared unfit for drinking, hence it can
be utilized for tourism purposes
The lake offers tremendous potential for further exploitation for
recreational activity
PARAMETERS STATUS
Attractiveness
Popularity
Scope for further development
Visiting Tourist Profile
International
Domestic
Local
Seasonality
February – May
June – September
October - January
Visitors Visiting Time
Morning
Day
Evening - Night
High Medium Low
Occupancy
Occupancy
Utilization of Potential
Utilization of Potential
ACTUAL
UTILIZATION
ACTUAL
UTILIZATION
120
Mumbai
Suburbs Tourist Destinations
Current Status
Leisure
BANDSTAND &
CARTER ROAD
Mumbai
Suburbs TouristDestinationsC
urrent Status
Leisure
Bandstand &
Carter Road
Occupancy
Occupancy
Utilization of Potential
Utilization of Potential
The Bandstand Promenade is a kilometer long walkway along the
sea in Bandra. A decade old, it is simultaneously a popular
hangout spot, a jogging track and a park, towards the Land's end
side of the promenade is an amphitheater. It serves as a venue for
events like concerts, classical dance and other performances.
Carter Road is an another popular hangout spot with a jogging
track and a park
PARAMETERS STATUS
Attractiveness
Popularity
Scope for further development
Visiting Tourist Profile
International
Domestic
Local
Seasonality
February – May
June – September
October - January
Visitors Visiting Time
Morning
Day
Evening - Night
High Medium Low
ACTUAL
UTILIZATION
ACTUAL
UTILIZATION
121
Mumbai
Suburbs Tourist Destinations
Current Status
Leisure
ESSEL WORLD/
WATER
KINGDOM
Mumbai
Suburbs TouristDestinationsC
urrent Status
Leisure
Essel
World/Water
Kingdom
ACTUAL
UTILIZATION
ACTUAL
Occupancy
Occupancy
Utilization of Potential
Utilization of Potential
Essel World is an amusement park in Gorai, Mumbai,
India. Spread over 64 acres it attracts 10,000 visitors
every day.
The Water Kingdom section was added in 1998
Essel World has rides, an ice skating ring, bowling
alley and a discotheque, whereas Water Kingdom, as the
name suggests is full of water rides.
PARAMETERS STATUS
Attractiveness
Popularity
Scope for further development
Visiting Tourist Profile
International
Domestic
Local
Seasonality
February – May
June – September
October - January
Visitors Visiting Time
Morning
Day
Evening - Night
High Medium Low
122
Mumbai
Suburbs Tourist Destinations
Current Status
ECO
Sanjay Gandhi
National Park
Mumbai
Suburbs Status
ECO
Sanjay Gandhi
National Park
ACTUAL
UTILIZATION
ACTUAL
UTILIZATION
Occupancy
Occupancy
Utilization of Potential
Utilization of Potential
Sanjay Gandhi National Park is notable as one of the
major national parks existing within a metropolis limit and is one
of the most visited parks in the world
The Kanheri caves located well within the park area are a major
point of interest, presenting the culture of Buddhist India.
This unique park is visited annually by over 30 lakh people, on an
average 8000 to 10000 visitors visit it every day.
PARAMETERS STATUS
Attractiveness
Popularity
Scope for further development
Visiting Tourist Profile
International
Domestic
Local
Seasonality -
February – May
June – September
October - January
Visitors Visiting Time
Morning
Day
Evening - Night
High Medium Low
123
Mumbai
Suburbs Tourist Destinations
Current Status
ECO
AAREY MILK
COLONY
Mumbai
Suburbs Status
ECO
Aarey Milk
Colony
ACTUAL
UTILIZATION
ACTUAL
Occupancy
*
Occupancy
*
Utilization of Potential
Utilization of Potential
Aarey Milk Colony is situated in Goregaon East, a suburb of
Mumbai.
It has gardens, a nursery, lakes, an observation pavilion,
picnic facilities, and milk plants.
On an average, 16,000 cattle are reared on 1,287 hectares
of land, and 32 cattle farms
PARAMETERS STATUS
Attractiveness
Popularity
Scope for further development
Visiting Tourist Profile
International
Domestic
Local
Seasonality -
February – May
June – September
October - January
Visitors Visiting Time
Morning
Day
Evening - Night
High Medium Low
124
Mumbai
Suburbs Tourist Destinations
Current Status
Business Centers
BANDRA –
KURLA COMPLEX
Mumbai
Suburbs Status
Business Centers
Bandra – Kurla
Complex
BKC is a planned commercial complex in the suburbs of Mumbai
and prominent business destination.
The complex is the first of a series of ‘growth centers’ created to
‘arrest further concentration’ of offices and commercial activities
inSouth Mumbai.
BKC houses a number of commercial buildings and is
headquarter of various national and multinational companies.
Hence it is one of the major attractions for domestic and
international tourists.
PARAMETERS STATUS
Attractiveness
Popularity
Scope for further development
Visiting Tourist Profile
International
Domestic
Local
Seasonality -
February – May NA
June – September NA
October - January NA
Visitors Visiting Time
Morning
Day
Evening - Night
High Medium Low
ACTUAL
UTILIZATION
ACTUAL
UTILIZATION
Occupancy*
Occupancy*
Utilization of Potential
Utilization of Potential
125
Complex
Complex
The Basilica of Our Lady of the Mount, more commonly known
as Mount Mary, is a Roman Catholic Church in the heart of
Mumbai.
Although the current church edifice is just 100 years old, the
history behind the current statue of Our Lady goes back to the
16th century when Jesuit priests from Portugal brought the
statue to the current location and constructed a chapel
In September, the festival of the Virgin Mother culminates in a
week long fair, popularly known as Bandra Fair that has all the
excitement of a small carnival.
PARAMETERS STATUS
Attractiveness
Popularity
Scope for further development
Visiting Tourist Profile
International
Domestic
Local
Seasonality -
February – May
June – September
October - January
Visitors Visiting Time
Morning
Day
Evening - Night
High Medium Low
ACTUAL
UTILIZATION
ACTUAL
UTILIZATION
Occupancy*
Occupancy*
Utilization of Potential
Utilization of Potential
Mumbai
Suburbs Tourist Destination
Current Status
Religious
MOUNT MARY
CHURCH
Mumbai
Suburbs Tourist Destination
Current Status
Religious
Mount Mary
Church
126
Occupancy
Occupancy
Utilization of Potential
Utilization of Potential
The Hare Rama Hare Krishna Mandir, commonly known as
ISKCON Temple, overlooks the skyline of Juhu in Mumbai.
It is among the most visited temples dedicated to Lord Krishna,
also known as Sri RadhaRasabihari.
Founded by Swami Prabhupada in 1978, and managed by
ISKCON (International Society for Krishna Consciousness), the
temple is set upon the prime land of Hare Krishna Land
sprawling over 4 acres.
Janmastami (the birthday of Lord Krishna) is celebrated with
great pomp and enthusiasm here.
PARAMETERS STATUS
Attractiveness
Popularity
Scope for further development
Visiting Tourist Profile
International
Domestic
Local
Seasonality -
February – May
June – September
October - January
Visitors Visiting Time
Morning
Day
Evening - Night
High Medium Low
Mumbai
Suburbs Tourist Destination
Current Status
Religious
ISKCON TEMPLE
Mumbai
Suburbs Tourist Destination
Current Status
Religious
ISKCON TEMPLE
ACTUAL
UTILIZATION
ACTUAL
127
ACTUAL
UTILIZATION
ACTUAL
Occupancy*
Occupancy*
Utilization of Potential
Utilization of Potential
The Global Vipassana Pagoda is built out of gratitude to the
Buddha, his teaching and the community of monks practicing
his teaching.
Global Vipassana Pagoda is the World's Largest Pillar-less
domes with a capacity to seat 8,000 meditators.
It is located in the north of Mumbai in an area called Gorai and
is built on donated land on a peninsula between Gorai Creek
and the Arabian Sea.
PARAMETERS STATUS
Attractiveness
Popularity
Scope for further development
Visiting Tourist Profile
International
Domestic
Local
Seasonality -
February – May
June – September
October - January
Visitors Visiting Time
Morning
Day
Evening - Night
High Medium Low
Mumbai
Suburbs Tourist Destination
Current Status
Religious
GLOBAL
VIPASSANA
PAGODA
Mumbai
Suburbs Tourist Destination
Current Status
Religious
GLOBAL
VIPASSANA
PAGODA
128
ACTUAL
UTILIZATION
ACTUAL
UTILIZATION
Occupancy
*
Occupancy
*
Utilization of Potential
Utilization of Potential
Also known as Castella de Aguada, Bandra fort is a marvelous
master piece of historical monument in heart of this modern
city
Built by the Portuguese in 1640 as a watchtower
overlooking Mahim Bay, the Arabian Sea and the southern
island of Mahim.
Though the fort holds high importance, it has not received
proper attention that it is meant to be.
PARAMETERS STATUS
Attractiveness
Popularity
Scope for further development
Visiting Tourist Profile
International
Domestic
Local
Seasonality -
February – May
June – September
October - January
Visitors Visiting Time
Morning
Day
Evening - Night
High Medium Low
Mumbai
Suburbs
Tourist Destinations
Current Status
Heritage Tourism
BANDRA FORT
Mumbai
Suburbs
Tourist Destinations
Current Status
Heritage Tourism
Bandra Fort
129
The MahakaliCaves also known as the Kondivita Caves) are a
group of 19 rock-cut monuments built between 1st century
BCE and 6th century CE
Monument consists of two groups of rock-cut caves - 4 caves
more to the north-west and 15 caves more to the south-east.
It is a favorite tourist spot as well as a place of keen interest
for archeologists and art aficionados.
PARAMETERS STATUS
Attractiveness
Popularity
Scope for further development
Visiting Tourist Profile
International
Domestic
Local
Seasonality -
February – May
June – September
October - January
Visitors Visiting Time
Morning
Day
Evening - Night
High Medium Low
Mumbai
Suburbs
Tourist Destinations
Current Status
Heritage Tourism
MAHAKALI
CAVES
Mumbai
Suburbs
Tourist Destinations
Current Status
Heritage Tourism
MAHAKALI
CAVES Occupancy*
Occupancy*
Utilization of Potential
Utilization of Potential
ACTUAL
UTILIZATION
ACTUAL
UTILIZATION
130
Mumbai
Suburbs
Tourist Destinations
Current Status
Heritage Tourism
JOGESHWARI
CAVES
Mumbai
Suburbs
Tourist Destinations
Current Status
Heritage Tourism
JOGESHWARI
CAVES
The Jogeshwari Caves are some of the earliest Hindu cave temple’s sculptures located in the neighborhood of Jogeshwari (East) in northern Mumbai (Bombay), India.
The caves date back to 520 to 550 AD.
The caves are used as a temple and are accessed through a long flight of stairs into the main hall of this cavernous space. It has many pillars and a Lingam at the end. Idols of Dattatreya, Hanuman and Ganesh line the walls.
PARAMETERS STATUS
Attractiveness
Popularity
Scope for further development
Visiting Tourist Profile
International
Domestic
Local
Seasonality -
February – May
June – September
October - January
Visitors Visiting Time
Morning
Day
Evening - Night
High Medium Low
Occupancy*
Occupancy*
Utilization of Potential
Utilization of Potential
ACTUAL
UTILIZATION
ACTUAL
UTILIZATION
131
132
SECTION III
VISION, MISSION & OBJECTIVES
STRENGTH & WEAKNESSES OF MUMBAI
CHALLENGES
SEVEN ESSENTIAL PILLARS FOR TOURISM
PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS
CONCLUSION
133
Vision,
Mission &
Objectives
To make Mumbai primary
destination city for cultural
and heritage experiences at
global level
Vision,
Mission &
Objectives
To make Mumbai primary
destination city for cultural
and heritage experiences at
global level
Mumbai Tourism Vision Statement
To produce a world-class visitor experience for tourists offering a perfect blend of Mumbai’s
rich heritage and culture coupled with modern city amenities, which contribute to the
development of the local economy and community, also ensuring the safety, security and
comfort of the visitor without degrading the cultural, environmental and social values of the
populace.
Mission and Objectives:
To identify, develop and promote the famous and no so famous places in Mumbai that have an
undeniable charm introducing them to various quirks and novelties of Mumbai City as never
seen before.
To provide world class facilities for tourists making their stay in Mumbai Comfortable and
Enjoyable, prompting them to keep visiting Mumbai over and over again
To promote Mumbai as a favorable destination for MICE Tourism drawing on its image of
“Commercial Capital of India”
Improve leisure tourist experience in Mumbai with improvement and up gradation of facilities
to promote the city as a hub for Leisure Tourists
Creation of Tourist site “products” that can attract tourists and enhance the overall quality of
experience at the tourist site
134
STRENGTH
&
WEAKNESSES
OF
MUMBAI
Strengths
Connectivity: - City offers excellent connectivity to all tourist locations.
Commercial Capital: - Primarily caters to international and domestic business tourists.
Bollywood: - Has received international attention and is of prime interest to people.
World renowned sites: - Home to some of the prominent heritage and religious sites.
Specialty Tourism: - One of the rare metropolises to have an entire national park within its borders. Beaches: - Has an enviable 73.21 -km coastline and with 16 km of beaches.
Weaknesses
Dependence on Business Tourism: - Extensively dependent on business to drive
international tourists.
Lack of innovation: - Tourism products have not been built to cater to the “new experience”
requirements of today’s highly aware tourists.
Information Availability: - Mumbai does not have a proactive information strategy to
attract a tourist at the decision making point.
Mumbai’s Host Ambience: -Mumbai’s poor infrastructure conditionnear key arrival point
like airports, railway stations create a very poor host ambience.
135
CHALLENGES
Possible challenges to be
encounter
Destination Challenges
Product Challenges
Customer Challenges
Political Stability
Slum Rehabilitation
CHALLENGES
Possible challenges to be
encounter
Destination Challenges
Product Challenges
Customer Challenges
Political Stability
Slum Rehabilitation
Destination Challenges
In recent years the tourism destination has grown rapidly. In International markets, destination cities
like New York, Paris andDublin have become as important as their countries in attractingvisitors.
Urban destinations, largely in the context of short breaks, need strong product/experience themes, a
clustering of attractionsand facilities, andexcellent transport access with a volumeand variety of air
routes. Low cost airlines, fast clearances of infrastructure projects are crucial in this respect
forexpansion and enhancement of the City.
Product Challenges
General tourism is fast becoming outdated with the trendincreasingly towards specific niche and
product markets. Thechallenge for Mumbai is to identify and research these particularniche groups
and their interests and motivations, applyingthatknowledge to the creation of a range of
experiential tourismproducts.
Marketing must be specifically targeted at these groups. Product development should also be
underpinned by market research and visitors’ needs, motivations and preferences.
136
Customer Challenges
Customers today want meaning and connection from their holidays,as well as individuality. They
may be cash rich but time poor. Manyare younger and more adventurous than was the case
previouslyand are more likely to take their holidays in multiple short breaksthan the traditional long
holiday. Above all they are seeking “qualitytime experiences” with friends and family and prefer to
customize their breaks.
Adapting to this challenge requires investment,imagination and flair.
Political Stability
The political environment in India, especially in Mumbai is highly volatile and sensitive.
If changes need to be implemented to improve the city’s tourism, there is need to bring
political stability for smooth functioning.
Slum Rehabilitation
More than 50% of city’s population lives in slums. These slums have blocked a huge chunk
of the city’s land.
In order to facilitate development, government may require more land. The Government
needs to come out with a comprehensive rehabilitation plan for these slums
Mumbai’s Slum Area
137
Mumbai Current Land Usage
Land Constraints arethe biggest challenge for the government
138
SEVEN
ESSENTIAL
PILLARS FOR
TOURISM
The keys to successful tourism development are the ‘Seven Essential Pillars for Tourism’, which when implemented to together create a destination that can compete on the international stage
SEVEN
ESSENTIAL
PILLARS FOR
TOURISM
The key to successful tourism development are the ‘Seven Essential Pillars for Tourism’, which when implemented together create a destination that can compete on the international stage
Pillar One
Access & Transport Convenience
The attractiveness of any city begins with good transport. A modern Destination City must have good air access with a range of national and international routes, also including internal transport facilities. Quality of Public and intermediate transport. Improved road and rail access to other cities is also vital,as is transport and orientation within the city.
Pillar One
Access & Destination Transport
A modern Destination City must have good air access with a range of national and international routes,including those covered by low cost airlines. Improved road and rail access to other cities is also vital,as is transport and orientation within the city.
As Applicable to Mumbai:
Mumbai has its own International and Domestic Airports. Most of the tourists coming to India enter
via Mumbai’s International Airport. Mumbai also has a good rail and road network connecting every
corner of the city. However, tourists only use Mumbai as a gateway to other parts of the country.
Tourist attractions should be developed within Mumbai to improve the tourist offering and prolong
the stay in the region.
As Applicable to Mumbai:
Mumbai has its own International and Domestic Airports. Most of the tourists coming to India enter
via Mumbai’s International Airport. Mumbai also has a good rail and road network connecting every
corner of the city. However, tourists only use Mumbai as a gateway to other parts of the country.
139
Pillar Three
Evening & Night-Time Economy
Development
Destinations need to broaden the tourism offering in terms of live music, entertainment and a vibrantarts and cultural scene, to provide more choice for visitors in the crucial period from 6pm onwards.
Pillar Seven
Evening & Night-Time Economy
Development
Destinations need to broaden the tourism offering in terms of live music, entertainment and a vibrantarts and cultural scene, to provide more choice for visitors in the crucial period from 6pm onwards.
As Applicable to Mumbai:
Expansion of the city’s already vibrant live music and arts and cultural sector to provide the wide range of entertainment and activities manded by modern tourists after 6pm.
This will also include the development of hospitality in the city, with the need to increase the range and quality of its restaurants.
While Mumbai’s live music and arts scene is already much admired, there are many opportunities to enhance the experience for visitors.
This includes building a program of cultural events, extending cultural animation programmes later into the evening in summer, further utilizing performance spaces and encouraging festivals and events to be spaced out through the year.
Liberalize rules and regulations with regard to Nightlife in Mumbai boosting Entertainment and Leisure tourism in the City
Pillar Two
Day Time Attractions, Activities & Special
Interest Opportunities
Research clearly shows that visitor experiences are more important than products in the contemporary market. All products need to be planned to deliver experiences to optimize success.
Pillar Six
Day Time Attractions, Activities & Special
Interest Opportunities
Research clearly shows that visitor experiences are more important than products in the contemporary market. All products need to be planned to deliver experiences to optimize success.
As Applicable to Mumbai:
Beach Tourism Development
Facilities for International Business/ Convention Centre to be set up
Developing and Maintaining Historic Heritage Sites
Developing Bollywood Tourism
Development of Night Safari as in Singapore
As Applicable to Mumbai:
Beach Tourism Development
Facilities for International Business/ Convention Centre to be set up
Developing and Maintaining Historic Heritage Sites
Developing Bollywood Tourism
Development of Night Safari as in Singapore
140
Pillar Four
Developing Our Cuisine Offering
A unique local cuisine adds greatly to the visitor experience. This is an opportunity for local restaurants to utilize local strengths like seafood, and present simply cooked meals using fresh quality local produce.
Pillar Three
Developing Our Cuisine Offering
A unique local cuisine adds greatly to the visitor experience. This is an opportunity for localrestaurants to utilize local strengths like seafood, and present simply cooked meals using fresh quality local produce.
As Applicable to Mumbai:
Improve the cleanliness of restaurants, making it more hygienic for visitors.
Making dining experience more interactive
Improving the quality of food serve
Opportunity for local restaurants to utilize local strengths like seafood.
As Applicable to Mumbai:
Improve the cleanliness of restaurants, making it more hygienic for visitors.
Making dining experience more interactive
Improving the quality of food serve
Opportunity for local restaurants to utilize local strengths like seafood.
Pillar Five
Accommodation Development
Destination cities need a broad range of accommodation, with an emphasis on creating a unique experience for the customer. Future proofed accommodations are adding new services in wellness, leisure, sport, business and other areas and are deploying increased levels of innovation and creativity.
As Applicable to Mumbai:
Business travelers represented the largest percentage of hotel guests.
Foreign business travelers primarily drive hotel rooms in Mumbai
There is a large surge in demand for hotel rooms.
Mumbai’s prime hotels are close to the airport to convenience the business tourists
Mumbai should focus on setting up more rooms for Leisure travelers in and below the 3star range in different parts of the city, especially the Central suburbs
As Applicable to Mumbai:
141
Pillar Seven
Marketing, Branding & Communication A strong marketing and communication are essential, to
create awareness and send a strong message to be public.
In order to promote the tourist offering a strong communication with public is required.
Pillar Five
Marketing, Branding & Communication A strong marketing and communication is essential, to
create awareness and send a strong message to public.
In order to promote the tourist offering a strong communication with public is require
As Applicable to Mumbai:
Producing an Ad campaign for Mumbai tourism as well as state tourism (E.g. Madhya Pradesh has “MPgazabhai” ad campaign; Kerala has its own tag line of ‘GOD OWN’S COUNTRY’ in a bid to attract tourists.
Well‐known figures in entertainment from Mumbai could have a powerful influence in securing greater market shares for the MMR in tourism as well as in their own sector.(E.g. Amitabh Bachchan has been appointed as brand ambassador for Gujarat tourism
Marketing campaigns on the lines of the “I Love New York” Campaign coupled with selling of merchandise like T shirts, bags etc.
As Applicable to Mumbai:
Producing an Ad campaign for Mumbai tourism as well as State tourism (E.g. Madhya Pradesh has “MPgazabhai” ad campaign; Kerala has its own tag line of ‘GOD OWN’S COUNTRY’ in a bid to attract
Pillar Six
Tourism Services Development
Top quality, integrated information services are an essential, covering all points of information from tourist Information centers to websites. Equally, service providers and front-of-house staff need to been courage to get to know the local product and events on offer and to cross sell these to the visitor.
Pillar Four
Tourism Services Development
Top quality, integrated information services are an essential, covering all points of information from tourist Information centers to websites. Equally, service providers and front-of-house staff need to be encouraged to get to know the local product and events on offer and to cross sell these to the visitor.
As Applicable to Mumbai:
Dedicated website for Mumbai tourism, facilitating all information at a single point (most of the cities
excluding Mumbai have their own dedicated tourism website)
Increasing money changing facility’s centers
Tourist information centers
City guide pamphlets
As Applicable to Mumbai:
Dedicated website for Mumbai tourism, facilitating all information at single point (most of the cities
excluding Mumbai have their own dedicated tourism website)
Increasing money changing facilities centers
Tourist information centers
City guide pamphlets
Proposed Interventions
Location Specific Interventions
New Tourism Products
General Interventions
• Sanjay Gandhi National Park
• Aarey • Beaches • Waterfronts • Historical
Sites • Street
Markets
• Urban Village
• Theme Park • Bollywood
Tourism • Convention
Centre • Cruise
tourism
• Tourist Information Centers
• Signage's, Parking
• Public conveniences
• Solid Waste Management
• Branding and Marketing
• HOHO bus • Technology
Proposed Interventions for Tourism
Current location of Juhu food courtApprox Area: 3000 Sq.Mtr
Proposed Interventions for Juhu:
• People visit Juhu for recreational purpose. The average time spend by an individual at Juhubeach is 1 – 2 hrs. To prolong the time spending, it is necessary to avail the basic facilities like waste disposal, toilet , changing room facilities and add recreational activities like children playing area, water sports etc.
1. Improving the present Food Stall:
People extensively spend on food. An improvise food stall will enhance their experience and will be good value addition
Present Condition:• Unorganized• Scatter• Unclean• No adequate sitting arrangement
Pictorial view of present condition
Proposed Intervention:• Upgradation to modern standards• Adequate sitting arrangement
2. Other Intervention Required:
A. Basic Infrastructure Upgradation:
Signage'sWaste Disposal CCTV
Life Guard Changing Room Shower Facility
Main Entry Point
Entry Point 1
Entry Point 2
B. Defining the activity Zone that will include : (location to be identify)
‐ Children playing zone ‐ Water sports facilities
Entries Point to Juhu Beach
Sun Shade
Integrated Tourist Development Plan – Manori –– Aksa – Madh Island :
Locations Deterrents Recommendation
Madh Island, Aksa, Erangal, Manori, Marve,
Gorai
Weak internal transport: These beaches fall on same line and are close proximity to each other but lack internal transport, causing inconvenience to people to go from one place to another.
Nearest Station: MALAD(low bus frequency to this location, causing inconvenience to commuters)
• Increase the ferry ride from Versova.• Availing ferry facilities from Juhu• Internal Ferry Services from MadhI sland
to Gorai, with stoppages at Aksa, Marve, Erangal.
• Provision of 2 wheelers for internal transport on rent. (a highly successful model in Goa)
• Increasing the bus frequency from Malad & Goregaon
• Absent of signage’s and public amenities (garbage disposal, wash room facilities)
• Lack good restaurants• Inadequate lighting
Recommended Development• Signage• Mobile Toilet• Food Court• Tourist Information Centre• Changing room facilities
These region has been earmarked as special tourist development zone in Mumbai development plan. A lot potential lies here, due to availability of spaces. The biggest deterrent is connectivity to these locations, which need to be strengthen.
Proposed Interventions for Aksa Beach:
Entry Point
Adventure Zone
A. Water Sports
There is lot of space available at Aksa beach which can be used for water adventure sports. Despite having vast coastline, Mumbai doesn’t have any water sports facility. A water sports facility will encourage tourist to come and spend time here.
Some of water sports that can be implement
Clockwise:Barefoot SkiingWater ParasailingJet Ski
B. Other Intervention:
• Public toilet • Waste disposal facilities• Changing room• Gazebo • Food court • Shower facilities
GazeboUpgrading the food stall
Proposed Interventions for Manori:
Cycling Pathway
Manori is the least exploited beach and offer a lot of potential. The beach lacks basic facilities.
Current Deterrent: • Lack good restaurant• No basic Infrastructure• Narrow entry point• Inadequate lighting
Current entry point to beach
Proposed Intervention:
• Developing cycling pathway• Restaurant• Availing basic infrastructure
facilities: toilet, waste disposal, street light, sitting arrangement
• Beach hut
Beach hut
Proposed Interventions for Madh Island:
Madh Island is prominent for fishing which can be leverage to organize fishing trip for tourists:
Proposed Interventions:• Fishing Trip• Boating
Other Interventions:
• Availing basic infrastructure facilities: toilet, waste disposal , sun roof, sitting arrangement
Interconnection of beaches through ferry
Estimate Investment:
Upgrading Versova and Marve Jetty to Modern Standard
Marve
Versova
Versova Jetty
Marve Jetty
Conceptual View of Modern Jetty
Cruise Tourism
Mumbai has a vast cost line, some beautiful skyline and electrifying atmosphere. MTDC can induce night/day cruise tour to showcase iconic landmarks, nighttime skyline of Mumbai . World class cruise with modern amenities gives an wholesome experience to visiting tourist.
Tentative route for cruise
Mumbai’s skyline at Night
Basic Infrastructure Needed at Every Beach
Rurban Tourist Village
Concept: East Indian Village setting having all
facilities of village style accommodation, Resort
amenities, Adventure camps, Boating, Fishing etc.
Land Required: 20-25 acres
Proposed Location: Gorai/Manori stretch.
Project Cost: 30 cr.
Proposed Components:
Fishing Boats.
Arts/Crafts and Handlooms traditional market place.
Budget Accommodation for Artisans and villagers.
Resort for Tourist.
Convention/Exhibition center.
Village themed Food Court/Restaurant.
Campfire.
Adventure Camp, Nature Trails etc.
Swiss tents.
The concept involves setting up a beautiful urban village in the area around the Gorai Manori
stretch where huge vacant land bodies are available. This region has been reserved solely for
tourism and tourist related activities
Similar Such Initiatives have been taken in Kerala Sargaalaya (funded by the government) and
Tourist village in Shivpuri which are very popular with tourist.
The locals should be integrated in this project telling them the benefit that this plan will provide
in terms of additional income and a readymade market to sell their products.
This allows the creation of a replacement source of income in the non-agricultural sector for
rural dwellers. The added income from rural tourism can contribute to the revival of lost folk
art and handicrafts. It is an ideal and natural method of rural and urban economic exchange.
The tourist visiting this region gets a chance to communicate with the local villagers engaged in
crafts and fishing.
The tourist can get a firsthand experience on the local’s everyday rural life that is engaged in
Fishing and Crafts. The tourist will have an option to accompany the locals in their fishing
endeavors.
Fresh fish caught would be cooked by the locals in traditional style that will be consumed by
tourist.
Fresh Sea Catch will be directly sold to tourist visiting this village. Camp Fires/Barbeques
facilities can be organized in which the Fish can be cooked in traditional style on coal and
wooden Chula's with the help of the Locals. Other Handicrafts made in this region can also be
sold in this market in a village style setting.
Craft and design in India has an ancient history & was a highly used method for livelihood even
before the British & Portuguese came in India. But after the emergence of foreign power and
machines, most of the art and craft works lost its value. Indian handicrafts tradition has a
unique place in the world, both in variety and in technique & use of materials.
Mumbai has its own charm, but Crafts is dying today due to Urban migration and the local
population shifting to more lucrative sectors abandoning their age old ways, Today however
the tourist visiting India and more so the urban Locals want to experience the age old crafts and
lifestyle but there is a lacuna in the availability of such Organized and hygienic Services in
Mumbai.
Sargaalaya, the Kerala Arts and Crafts village at Iringal in Kerala is an initiative of the
Department of Tourism, Government of Kerala. It is an exclusive place where you can not only
pick a product fashioned by the traditional artisans of Kerala but also learn one or two lessons
in the subtleties of crafts-making. Conceptualized as a tourist destination, Sargaalaya was
developed and implemented on the Responsible Tourism model.
Being set up by the Department of Tourism, the venture ensures brand protection to foreign
entrepreneurs and local artisans. The management of the village is vested in the hands of the
Uralungal Labour Contract Cooperative Society (ULCCS). Local Artisans and crafts men have an
Equity stake in this Project; hence it is heavily supported by them as this provides additional
income to them and also provides a readymade market for them to sell their wares.
The tourist visiting this place can be taken on tours to nearby attractions; a tour package could
be created including the various beaches in the stretch. This would also provide an inflow of
tourist in the beaches nearby where other interventions have been proposed like Water sports
and so on.
Bollywood Theme Park
Concept: To create a Theme park to, fill up the
lacuna in the entertainment scenario of
Mumbai which promotes Indian culture and
performing arts across the world and to
compose an outstanding entertainment
experience of world class level that will capture
the imagination of the people.
Land required: 15-20 acres
Project Cost: 100 cr.
Implementation Model: PPP
Proposed components:
Carnival and Indian Folk art and dance center.
Themed restaurants.
Street Shops.
Cultural and Bollywood Library.
Bollywood Museum/Wax Museum.
Ethnic Shops.
Live Arts and Crafts Village.
Coffee shops.
Ethnic Jewelry store, Kaleidoscope, 5d Theatre etc.
The idea revolves around the following:
Creating an engaging Experience for both International and local Tourists
Creating the Magic of India Cinema and Arts though engaging and Electrifying stage
spectacle.
Combining creativity and cutting edge technology to create an Entertainment
Extravaganza which explodes the senses.
Indian culture combined with Bollywood style entertainment and storytelling
Creating the Magic of India Cinema and Arts though engaging and Electrifying stage
spectacle.
First-class venue of international standard for Indian performing arts, to develop captivating
theatricals and musicals of highest quality which will showcase and promote Indian culture and
performing arts. This will be on similar lines to Kingdom of Dreams that is already operational in
Delhi from the last four years.
Business Convention Centre
Concept: Convention/Exhibitions center, Bigger
and better than Bombay exhibition center as per
International standards. This is an area where
individuals and groups gather to promote and
share common interests. It has provisions for
setting up trade shows, events and Exhibitions.
Resort accommodation is also available for
tourist and foreign delegates who will visit this
place.
Land Required: 60,000 sq. meters.
Proposed Location: Kurla – Mulund, Chembur –
Trombay.
Project Cost: 120 crore.
Implementation Model: PPP
Proposed Components:
Convention Hall.
Mini Convention Halls.
Exhibition Hall.
Restaurants.
Parking
Residential Accommodation For Delegates/Participants
Handicraft shops, Souvenir shop
Other Infrastructural Facilities Like
1) Tourist office, Bank and Money changing facilities, STD/ISD, Press & VIP Lounges
2) Technical facilities such as electric substation, back-up system, fire hydrant etc.
3) Gate Complex for stipulating entry and exit.
4) Security Office and booths for Security arrangements
5) Storage Complex for custom storage and handling etc.
6) Fire safety arrangements.
Key Drivers
At present, there are very few business convention centers in Mumbai Suburban
district. Mumbai being a financial hub and knowing the quantum of business travelers to
Mumbai, there is urgency for a world class business conventional center with modern
amenities.
Major conventional centers of Mumbai suburban district are Bombay Exhibition Centre
& MMRDA ground located in Goregaon & BKC respectively, in the western suburb.
Central suburbs don’t have a standard business convention center.
Kurla – Mulund, Chembur - Trombay , are the emerging regions of Mumbai suburbs; a
conventional center at these locations will cater for the demand for central suburbs and
will mitigate the inconvenience.
Technological Interventions
Concept: To enable the Tourist within the City by providing
them with 24/7 assistance which will address their
problems and guide them with the fastest routes, Nearby
attractions, Eating Places and Nearby Accommodation
Facilities.
Project Cost: 5 Cr.
Operator: Private
Proposed components:
Dedicated Tourist Call center.
24/7 Tourist Helpline.
Smart Phone Applications.
Dedicated Tourist Website.
Most First time tourist in Mumbai are very confused about how to move about in the city. They
rely on the judgment of the locals and have often felt lost or been cheated by them. As of now
there is no dedicated agency who handles the queries’ of the tourist and very little information
is available about the same in the current system. Hence there is a need for technological
interventions.
Key Features
The call center operated by private operators will enable the tourist with 24/7 coverage
in case of an emergency and will address any issue that they are facing while exploring
the city.
The website should be dedicated only for tourist made for Mumbai, where in all details
regarding nearby attractions, Routes, Restaurants and accommodation facilities are
available.
Detailed map on all the tourist places with their Importance, Location, Route and a brief
about their history should be included in the Website.
Today’s generation prefers to use Smart phone applications for everyday information
purposes considering this a Application should be created which provides similar
services to the proposed website in the click of a button at any location.
Spread over 103 Sq.km
Sanjay Gandhi National Park-Including Kanheri Caves.
Walkways Visitor Centre
Interpretation Centre
Viewing Points Lion/ Tiger Safari
Bamboo Huts
Sanjay Gandhi National Park- General interventions
Leopard
Safari
Zoological
Parks
Bird Parks
Tribal Tours Water
Sports
Camps
Nature
Tours
Organizing
Events Eco Huts
Adventure
Sports
Creek Trail
Cruise
Herbal
Tours
Botanical
Gardens Night Safari
Interpretatio
n Center
Water
Harvesting
ProposedFacilities
Proposed Intervention areas
1. LION AND TIGER SAFARI 2. KRISHNA LAKE 3. KANERI CAVES (Bamboo Hut area) 4. KANERI CAMP SITE 5. KRISHNAGIRI 6. GANDHI TEKADI
Proposed Interventions-Lion and Tiger Safari
LION/TIGER SAFARI Strengthening the existing fencing Interpretation center(Interactive one, Comprehensive center) Basic Amenities Water Fountain Redesigning the existing gates and area around.
Components Detail Units
Interpretation centre
Display area
Audio Visual room
Souvenir shop
Store place
Gathering Space/ Interpretation place
Information desk
Basic Amenities
Toilet blocks
Drinking water fountain
Sitting area/ Benches Public Toilets
Drinking Water Facilities Signage's
Proposed Interventions-Lion and Tiger Safari
KRISHNA LAKE Lake front development. Beautification of lake Improvement of adjoining garden Boating.
Proposed Interventions-Krishna Lake front Development
Components Detail Units
Boating Jetty
Paddle boats
Improving adjoining Garden
Toilet blocks
Drinking water fountain
Sitting area/ Benches
Landscaping, Pathways, Play Area
Lake front Development
Security and Ticket counter
Fencing, Queue line
Safety measures
Signage's Boating
Jetty Safety and Security
Proposed Interventions-Krishna Lake front Development
KANHERI CAVES (ASI site requires NOC) Parking Signage's Existing Toilet Blocks improvement Connectivity Pathways Viewing Area Improving the existing huts Landscaping Drinking water facilities
Proposed Interventions-Kanheri Camp Site (Bamboo Hut Area)
Proposed Interventions-Kanheri Camp Site (Bamboo Hut Area)
Presentation by – Fortress Infrastructure Advisory Services
Campfire Gathering Space
Security cabin Landscaping
Huts
KANHERI CAMP SITE Compound Wall Improvement of Existing huts for day
camps Pathways Landscaping Gathering space Parking Drinking water Fountain Improvement of Toilet Block
Proposed Interventions-Kanheri Camp Site
Train Garage area
Animal Posters on the Train
Railway Station Tourist Amenities
Up gradation of Structures
Proposed Interventions-Krishnagiri Train
Krishnagiri train need to be upgraded thus the below interventions have been proposed in this area. Train Garage Area Railway station Tourist Amenities Animal Posters on the train Up gradation of Structures.
Components Detail Units
Upgradation and Repairs of railway tracks and whole trail route
Changing the old train sleepers with the new one (preferred wooden sleepers)
Changing the old train boogies with new one
Redesigning the whole station
Seating area
Drinking water facility
Ticket counter
Waiting area
Store place
Queue line
Station officers cabin
Seating Arrangement
Up gradation of the Train Area. Waiting Area
Proposed Interventions-Krishnagiri Train
Train Sightseeing
Existing Garden Condition
Condition of the Smarakh
Existing Garden Condition
Unorganized parking
Garden Structure
Intervention Place- Gandhi Tekadi
Existing issues: Deteriorating Landscaping Inadequate Sitting areas Yoga/ Meditation center Lack of Signage's Unorganized Parking
Landscaping and
Beautification
Signage's
Public Amenities
Proposed Interventions- Gandhi Tekadi
Gandhi Tekadi. The site nneed to improve and develop on its basic infrastructure. Landscaping Fencing Signage's Fencing to adjoining Gandhi Garden
GANDHI TEKADI
INTERPRETATION CENTRE
KANHERI CAVES- BAMBOO HUT AREA
Sanjay Gandhi National Park-Proposed Interventions
KANHERI CAVES – CAMP SITE
KRISHNA LAKE FRONT
Indicative Cost: Rs. 50 Cr
Sanjay Gandhi National Park-Proposed Interventions
Aarey Milk Colony
Garden Restaurant
Boating Cycling Track
Panchavati Hillock
Children Park
Aarey Colony Road
Aarey Milk Colony
Indicative Cost: Rs. 15 Cr Aarey Milk Colony –Proposed Interventions
Components Bird/ Butterfly park Kalagram Agro Tourism(dairy) Information and training center Signage's Parking Water Fountains
Collection of different birds and Butterfly species
Performances
Information & training
Proposed Development Component :Bird and Butterfly park
Bird and Butterfly Sanctuaries
• Workshops (art & craft) • Cultural performances • Display Stalls
Proposed Development Component : Kalagram
Kids Entertainment Facilities
Opportunity to mingle with rural populace
Hands-on experience on Farming
Proposed Development Component : Agro Tourism
Waterfronts
Powai Lake Bandra Talao
Bandstand
1.2 Km Walkway
Carter Road
1.2 Km Walkway
Powai Lake
Bandra Talao
Bandstand
Carter Road
Waterfronts
Mumbai suburbs is blessed with many popular waterfronts but sadly most are not in a good condition. Most of these sites are badly maintained and many tourist face many hassles in vesting and touring these sites for these purposes interventions have been proposed in these area with respect to basic and tourist infrastructure.
Musical Fountains at the lakes
Cycling Tracks Street Furniture Boating
Landscaping Signage's Pathways
Waterfronts- Proposed Interventions
After looking at the current status of these areas the below interventions have been proposed in these areas. Cycling tracks Musical fountain at lakes Boating facilities Street furniture's Improving and creating new pathways. Landscaping Signage's.
Indicative Cost: Rs. 40 Cr
Lokhandwala Market
0.7 Km Stretch
Linking Road, Bandra
I Km Stretch
Hill Road, Bandra 0.7 Km Stretch
Irla Market
0.4 Km Stretch
Indicative Cost: Rs. 40 Cr
Local Street Markets – Mumbai suburban
Linking Road Hill Road
Irla, Vile Parle Lokhandwala Market
Mumbai has its own charm which the tourist find very appealing especially the street shopping which is now apart of this city's culture. Although these sites have huge number of visitors both on a local and tourist level still these sites lack basic infrastructure which make it very hard for new comers and tourist to adjust to. Most of these sites are badly maintained and many tourist face many hassles in vesting and touring these sites for these purposes interventions have been proposed in these area with respect to basic and tourist infrastructure.
Local Street Markets- Mumbai suburban
Food Stalls Signages
Street Furniture Pedestrian Walkways
Organized and Decongested Shops Layout Public Conveniences
Local Street Markets-Proposed Interventions
After looking at the current status of these areas the below interventions have been proposed in these areas. Decongestion of the shops and roads Public conveniences and amenities Food stalls Signage's Street furniture and pathways.
Development and Preservation of Historic Heritage Sites
Most of theses sites are in a deteriorated conditions which is tourist averse Focus has to be given on improving the tourist infrastructure at these places. Some of these caves have encroachment by slums which needs to be addressed and cleansed.
Preservation Of The Rich Past Of Mumbai Captured Beautifully In Its Heritage Structures
Jogeshwari Caves Mahakali Caves
Bandra Fort Gilbert Hill
Heritage Sites
Conservation and Restoration
Illumination
Tour Guides
Landscaping
Indicative Cost Rs. 10 Cr
Heritage Sites- Proposed Interventions
Indicative Cost: Rs. 15 Cr
Hop on Hop off Bus Services
Concept:
• Provides customized, flexible transport services that will allow tourist to
conveniently access all the places of tourist interest through guided tours.
• One time daily pass valid for24 hours.
• Services include- Guided tour, PA system, A/V displays, printed brochures and
maps in multiple languages.
• Tourist can board or alight at any stop on the designated route.
Signage's
ATM/ Forex Facilities Tourist Information Centers Parking Facilities
Souvenir Shops Solid Waste Management
Food Stalls Information Pamphlets Public Conveniences
General Interventions
Information Kiosks outside major railway stations
Maps highlighting tourist destinations at Major stations, airports and Bus
terminals
Garbage Bins Drinking Water facilities
General Interventions
• Tourists pamphlets informing tourists of the places to avoid and facilities available for their assistance
• Enhanced safety for Women
• Increased Police protection for tourists
• Help desks and information counters to assist tourists
• Hotlines and Telephone Numbers to be called in case of emergencies
• Educate locals through awareness campaigns on the lines of “ Atithi Devo Bhava” by Incredible India
• Use of Metal Detectors/ CCTV’s at various tourist spots
General Interventions- Safety and security
LOCATION SPECIFIC INTERVENTIONS
Sr. No. Destination Indicative Cost ( In Rs Crore)
Mode of Funding
1 Sanjay Gandhi National Park 50 Public
2 Beaches – (Juhu, Madh, Manori, Gorai, Aksa and modernisation of marve and versova jetty)
50 Public / PPP
3 Waterfronts (Bandstand, Cater Road, Powai Lake, Bandra Talav)
40 Public/ PPP
4 Aarey Milk Colony 75 Public / PPP
5 Historical Sites (Mahakali caves, Jogeshwari, Gilbert Hill, Bandra Fort)
10 Public
6 Local /Street Markets ( Linking road, Pali Hill, Irla, Lokandwala)
40 Public
7 Jetties ( Versova, Marve ) 20 Public
TOTAL 285
Proposed interventions summary
NEW TOURISM PRODUCTS
Sr. No. New Tourism Products Indicative Cost (In Rs Crore)
Mode of Funding
1 Urban Tourist Village 30 Public / PPP
2 Convention Center 120 PPP
3 Bollywood Tourism 100 PPP
4 Cruise 20 PPP
5 Hop on Hop Off Bus 15 Public / PPP
1 Street scaping of major suburban roads ( 25-30 Kms)
50 Public
2 Tourist Information Kiosks at suburban local stations and bus terminus
10 Public/PPP
3 Signage's & Tourist Maps 10 Public
4 IT enabled / Technology Interventions 5 Public/PP
TOTAL 360
Proposed interventions summary