totalitarianism in russia the soviet union under stalin

Totalitarianism in Totalitarianism in Russia The Soviet Russia The Soviet

Union Under Stalin Union Under Stalin

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Trotsky v. Stalin Trotsky v. Stalin (Review)(Review)

Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin were Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin were the two rivals competing for the top the two rivals competing for the top position.position.

The winner in this struggle was The winner in this struggle was Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin

Stalin turned the Soviet Union in Stalin turned the Soviet Union in to a to a totalitariantotalitarian state (Marx state (Marx believed under communism the believed under communism the state would wither away state would wither away What’s Totalitarianism?

TotalitarianismTotalitarianism

Government takes complete, Government takes complete, central control over every aspect central control over every aspect of public and private lifeof public and private life

It challenges the values of It challenges the values of democratic states of democratic states of the the EnlightenmentEnlightenment reason, freedom, human dignity, and reason, freedom, human dignity, and

the worth of the individualthe worth of the individual

First Five Year PlanFirst Five Year Plan

1928: Stalin outlined Five-Year Plan1928: Stalin outlined Five-Year Plan The government take drastic steps to The government take drastic steps to

promote rapid industrial & agricultural promote rapid industrial & agricultural growth growth

Command Economy: Gov’t controls all Command Economy: Gov’t controls all aspects of the economy--owns all aspects of the economy--owns all businesses & distributes resources businesses & distributes resources

Government controlled every aspect of a Government controlled every aspect of a worker’s life-who, where and when they worker’s life-who, where and when they workwork

Command EconomyCommand Economy

Stalin changed Lenin’s NEP to an Stalin changed Lenin’s NEP to an economy controlled by the economy controlled by the governmentgovernment

Wanted to catch up to Great Wanted to catch up to Great Britain and Germany, as well as Britain and Germany, as well as the rest of Europe, in the rest of Europe, in industrializationindustrialization

Industrialization Industrialization Set impossibly high quotas for the output of Set impossibly high quotas for the output of

steel, coal, oil, and electricitysteel, coal, oil, and electricity Rewards for workers who produce at high Rewards for workers who produce at high

raterate Despite gains, workers have little to show Despite gains, workers have little to show

for their efforts for their efforts Large quantities of low quality goods Large quantities of low quality goods To reach goals, Russia limited the To reach goals, Russia limited the

production of consumer goods – thus production of consumer goods – thus hurting the populationhurting the population

Workers are forbidden to strikeWorkers are forbidden to strike

Collectivization of Collectivization of AgricultureAgriculture

The Agriculture Revolution was very The Agriculture Revolution was very successful, but far more brutalsuccessful, but far more brutal

Farmers to produce more grain to Farmers to produce more grain to feed urban workers feed urban workers

In 1928, Stalin began to seize 25 In 1928, Stalin began to seize 25 million private farms and combine million private farms and combine them into huge them into huge collective, state collective, state owned farmsowned farms. Peasants worked on . Peasants worked on these farms.these farms.

Collectivization of Collectivization of AgricultureAgriculture

Gov’t provided all farm equipmentGov’t provided all farm equipment Peasants could keep personal Peasants could keep personal

belongings except for farm animals belongings except for farm animals State set all prices for agricultural State set all prices for agricultural

goods goods

Collectivization of Collectivization of Agriculture Agriculture

The Peasants were angry-they revolted The Peasants were angry-they revolted by destroying crops and livestockby destroying crops and livestock

The The kulakskulaks, wealthy peasants, revolted , wealthy peasants, revolted 1929, Stalin intends to liquidate the 1929, Stalin intends to liquidate the

Kulaks as a class “de-kulakization” Kulaks as a class “de-kulakization” Their entire class was sent to death or Their entire class was sent to death or

work campswork camps Over 20,000 die Over 20,000 die

Angry peasants grow just enough Angry peasants grow just enough food to feed themselves food to feed themselves

Gov’t seizes all grain---purposely Gov’t seizes all grain---purposely letting the peasants starve letting the peasants starve

This combined w/ poor harvests led This combined w/ poor harvests led to the Terror Famine to the Terror Famine

Between 6-8 million peasants died, Between 6-8 million peasants died, mostly in Ukraine mostly in Ukraine

Terror as a WeaponTerror as a Weapon

Police spies open private mail and Police spies open private mail and secretly listen to conversations. secretly listen to conversations.

No freedom of the pressNo freedom of the press Critics were sent to Gulag labor Critics were sent to Gulag labor

camps--forced labor, torture and camps--forced labor, torture and death. death.

Great Purge 1934Great Purge 1934 Stalin fears other party leaders are plotting Stalin fears other party leaders are plotting

against himagainst him Stalin arrested many Bolsheviks who participated Stalin arrested many Bolsheviks who participated

in the revolution & almost every leader in in the revolution & almost every leader in Stalin’s government for “crimes against the Stalin’s government for “crimes against the Soviet state”Soviet state”

Ordinary citizens--charged with a wide range of Ordinary citizens--charged with a wide range of crimes crimes

These killings were called the These killings were called the Great PurgeGreat Purge Public show trials/many sent strait to Gulag Public show trials/many sent strait to Gulag 4 to 13 million people were purged 4 to 13 million people were purged

Police StatePolice State Not even the slightest bit of dissent was allowed, Not even the slightest bit of dissent was allowed,

before the secret police arrested youbefore the secret police arrested you If there was even the slightest suspicion you were If there was even the slightest suspicion you were

planning to overthrow the government or failed to planning to overthrow the government or failed to meet your quota…Bye, Bye!meet your quota…Bye, Bye!

Stalin became more powerful than any of the Stalin became more powerful than any of the previous Russia czarsprevious Russia czars

Citizens were aware of the consequences of Citizens were aware of the consequences of disloyalty disloyalty

Many of the USSRs most talented experts and Many of the USSRs most talented experts and thinkers were purged thinkers were purged

Most all military leaders and officers---WWIIMost all military leaders and officers---WWII

Soviet Propaganda Soviet Propaganda

Relentless propagandaRelentless propaganda Cult of Personality Cult of Personality




are needed to see this picture.QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor


Women in the USSRWomen in the USSR

Won equality with menWon equality with men Education and jobsEducation and jobs Women working in medicine, Women working in medicine,

engineering & sciencesengineering & sciences Dual wage earner families Dual wage earner families How is this different from Italy? How is this different from Italy?

Censorship and the Arts Censorship and the Arts

Gov’t controls books, music and artGov’t controls books, music and art Required that art be in the style of Required that art be in the style of

Socialist Realism--USSR in positive Socialist Realism--USSR in positive light and promotion of Communism light and promotion of Communism

Artists critical of the gov’t faced Artists critical of the gov’t faced persecution and often death and persecution and often death and torturetorture





RussificationRussification

Make the population Make the population more Russian more Russian Places like Uzbekistan and Ukraine Places like Uzbekistan and Ukraine

were homelands of other were homelands of other nationalities and culturesnationalities and cultures

Required Russian language in the Required Russian language in the non-Russian SSRsnon-Russian SSRs

Religious PersecutionReligious Persecution State encouraged (no…demanded) State encouraged (no…demanded) atheismatheism Police destroyed churches and synagoguesPolice destroyed churches and synagogues Target the Russian Orthodox Church, Jews Target the Russian Orthodox Church, Jews

and Islam and Islam Persecuted religious leadersPersecuted religious leaders But people still clung to their faithsBut people still clung to their faiths Replace religion with Communist ideology Replace religion with Communist ideology

(Marx & Lenin) (Marx & Lenin) Shrines---Tomb of Lenin Shrines---Tomb of Lenin

In the Long RunIn the Long Run

Stalin responsible for Russia’s Stalin responsible for Russia’s industrializationindustrialization

Russia was able to stand up to Russia was able to stand up to Germany in WWIIGermany in WWII

Stalin changed Russia from an Stalin changed Russia from an agricultural backwater into a world-agricultural backwater into a world-power industrial giantpower industrial giant

But the people paid the price for these But the people paid the price for these gains gains

Success!Success!

In 10 years:In 10 years: Wheat production was doubled due Wheat production was doubled due

to collective farmingto collective farming Electricity production was up 800%Electricity production was up 800% Steel production increased from 4 to Steel production increased from 4 to

18 million metric tons18 million metric tons The USSR was becoming a major The USSR was becoming a major

industrial powerindustrial power

totalitarianism in russia the soviet union under stalin

Documents

stalin trotsky

stalin fears

angry peasants

wealthy peasants

stalin reviewleon trotsky

private farms

state owned farms

soviet union