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Page 1: TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS What do topographic maps DO?!? In contrast to most maps, a topographic map shows the shape of the Earth’s surface by using contour lines

TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS

Page 2: TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS What do topographic maps DO?!? In contrast to most maps, a topographic map shows the shape of the Earth’s surface by using contour lines

What do topographic maps DO?!?

In contrast to most maps, a topographic map shows the shape of the Earth’s surface by using contour

lines.Contour Line - a special type of

isoline that connects points of equal elevation (distance above sea level)

on a topographic map

Page 3: TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS What do topographic maps DO?!? In contrast to most maps, a topographic map shows the shape of the Earth’s surface by using contour lines
Page 4: TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS What do topographic maps DO?!? In contrast to most maps, a topographic map shows the shape of the Earth’s surface by using contour lines

The United States government prints topographic maps for every square INCH of our country.

It is conducted by the USGS (US Geological Survey) They have been doing this since 1897!! They update individual maps in a timely manner. There are 54,000 individual maps to cover the entire

United States. They are called “quadrangles” - probably because they

are quadrilaterals!

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Page 5: TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS What do topographic maps DO?!? In contrast to most maps, a topographic map shows the shape of the Earth’s surface by using contour lines

SEA LEVEL

Page 6: TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS What do topographic maps DO?!? In contrast to most maps, a topographic map shows the shape of the Earth’s surface by using contour lines

RISING WATER

Page 7: TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS What do topographic maps DO?!? In contrast to most maps, a topographic map shows the shape of the Earth’s surface by using contour lines

Contour Lines

Page 8: TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS What do topographic maps DO?!? In contrast to most maps, a topographic map shows the shape of the Earth’s surface by using contour lines

CONTOUR MAP

Page 9: TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS What do topographic maps DO?!? In contrast to most maps, a topographic map shows the shape of the Earth’s surface by using contour lines

Steepness

Page 10: TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS What do topographic maps DO?!? In contrast to most maps, a topographic map shows the shape of the Earth’s surface by using contour lines

ALWAYS the first things that you must determine when looking at a topographic

map are the contour intervalcontour interval and the map scalemap scale!

WHY?!You just might be asked to

calculate the gradient! DUH!!

Page 11: TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS What do topographic maps DO?!? In contrast to most maps, a topographic map shows the shape of the Earth’s surface by using contour lines

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Page 12: TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS What do topographic maps DO?!? In contrast to most maps, a topographic map shows the shape of the Earth’s surface by using contour lines

Map Map ScaleScale

• Ratio of the distance on the map to the distance on the ground

1. Graphic:

Page 13: TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS What do topographic maps DO?!? In contrast to most maps, a topographic map shows the shape of the Earth’s surface by using contour lines

Map ScaleMap Scale

2.Verbal:

“1 inch equals 10 miles”

Page 14: TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS What do topographic maps DO?!? In contrast to most maps, a topographic map shows the shape of the Earth’s surface by using contour lines

Map scaleMap scale

3.Representative fraction or ratio:

1:24,000

• Units don’t matter

Page 15: TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS What do topographic maps DO?!? In contrast to most maps, a topographic map shows the shape of the Earth’s surface by using contour lines

SPECIFICS!!1) The top of a hill may not be exactly the same as a

contour line. Therefore, you may need to say what the “highest possible” elevation is:

The elevation at point “D” is higher than 160 feet above sea level, because it is inside the 160 ft contour line.

So what is the HIGHEST it can possibly be?

Page 16: TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS What do topographic maps DO?!? In contrast to most maps, a topographic map shows the shape of the Earth’s surface by using contour lines

.E

What is the highest possible elevation for point E?!?

Page 17: TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS What do topographic maps DO?!? In contrast to most maps, a topographic map shows the shape of the Earth’s surface by using contour lines

Hachured Lines A “hachured line is a “hairy line” which shows a hole

in the ground. DEPRESSION - a hole in the ground There are special rules that apply in this situation

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Page 18: TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS What do topographic maps DO?!? In contrast to most maps, a topographic map shows the shape of the Earth’s surface by using contour lines

The value of the first hachured line REPEATS the value of the last

“normal” line!

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Page 19: TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS What do topographic maps DO?!? In contrast to most maps, a topographic map shows the shape of the Earth’s surface by using contour lines

A 3-D View of a Depression

Page 20: TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS What do topographic maps DO?!? In contrast to most maps, a topographic map shows the shape of the Earth’s surface by using contour lines

2) Finding the LOWEST possible elevation at the bottom of a depression:

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What is the lowest possible elevation at the bottom of this depression?

61 feet!!

Page 21: TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS What do topographic maps DO?!? In contrast to most maps, a topographic map shows the shape of the Earth’s surface by using contour lines

RIVERS

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Page 22: TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS What do topographic maps DO?!? In contrast to most maps, a topographic map shows the shape of the Earth’s surface by using contour lines

To figure out the direction a river is flowing, you look at the “bends” in the contour lines that cross over the river.

The “blip” points UPstream (where the watercomes from).

The water flows DOWNstream!

Page 23: TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS What do topographic maps DO?!? In contrast to most maps, a topographic map shows the shape of the Earth’s surface by using contour lines

Towards which compass direction is the Green River flowing?

It is flowing towards

the NW!

Page 24: TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS What do topographic maps DO?!? In contrast to most maps, a topographic map shows the shape of the Earth’s surface by using contour lines

What about these?

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