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Page 1: Topics to be covered  Introduction to array Introduction to array  Types of array Types of array  One dimensional array One dimensional array  Declaration
Page 2: Topics to be covered  Introduction to array Introduction to array  Types of array Types of array  One dimensional array One dimensional array  Declaration

Topics to be coveredIntroduction to arrayTypes of arrayOne dimensional arrayDeclaration of an arrayInitialization of an arrayReading and Writing an arrayPrograms of One dimensional Array

Page 3: Topics to be covered  Introduction to array Introduction to array  Types of array Types of array  One dimensional array One dimensional array  Declaration

What is Array

An array is a collection of data elements that are of the same type (e.g., a collection of integers, collection of characters, collection of doubles).

Page 4: Topics to be covered  Introduction to array Introduction to array  Types of array Types of array  One dimensional array One dimensional array  Declaration

Array◦Group of consecutive memory locations ◦Same name and type

To refer to an element, specify◦Array name◦Position number

Format:arrayname[ position number ]

◦First element at position 0◦n element array named A:

A[ 0 ], A[ 1 ]...A[ n – 1 ]

4

6

3

2

A[0]

A[1]

A[2]

A[3]

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Page 5: Topics to be covered  Introduction to array Introduction to array  Types of array Types of array  One dimensional array One dimensional array  Declaration

Types of Arrays

1. One dimensional Array2. Two dimensional Array3. Multidimensional Array

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Page 6: Topics to be covered  Introduction to array Introduction to array  Types of array Types of array  One dimensional array One dimensional array  Declaration

One Dimensional Array

One dimensional Array: An array in which each individual element can be refer by one subscript is called one dimensional array.

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Page 7: Topics to be covered  Introduction to array Introduction to array  Types of array Types of array  One dimensional array One dimensional array  Declaration

Declaration of an array

Syntax: type arrayname[array_size];Example:

int A[10];

The array elements are all values of the type type. The size of the array is indicated by array_size, the number of

elements in the array.array_size: must be an int constant or a constant expression.Note that an array can have multiple dimensions.

Page 8: Topics to be covered  Introduction to array Introduction to array  Types of array Types of array  One dimensional array One dimensional array  Declaration

Declare an array of 10 integers:int A[10];

To access an individual element we must apply a subscript to array named A.

A subscript is a bracketed expression. The expression in the brackets is known as the index.

First element of array has index 0.A[0]

Second element of array has index 1, and so on.A[1], A[2], A[3],…

Last element has an index one less than the size of the array.A[9]

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Page 9: Topics to be covered  Introduction to array Introduction to array  Types of array Types of array  One dimensional array One dimensional array  Declaration

Initialization of an array

int n[ 5 ] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; If not enough initializers, rightmost elements become 0

int n[ 5 ] = { 0 } ; All elements 0The array size need not be specified explicitly. When initial values are include as a part of definition, the array will automatically set equal to the number of initial values included in the definition.

int a[]={2,1,3,5,4};Size=5;

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Page 10: Topics to be covered  Introduction to array Introduction to array  Types of array Types of array  One dimensional array One dimensional array  Declaration

Reading & Writing an Array

Reading an array: An array can be read by reading the elements inside a loop that iterates as many times as there are elements in the array. For loop is generally used for this purpose

for(i=0;i<n;i++)Scanf(“%d”,&a[i]);

Writing an array: An array can be written by writing the elements inside a loop that iterate as many times as there are elementsin the array. For loop is generally used for this purpose.

for(i=0;i<n;i++)printf(“%d”,a[i]);

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Page 11: Topics to be covered  Introduction to array Introduction to array  Types of array Types of array  One dimensional array One dimensional array  Declaration

Programs of one dimensional array1)Searching

Linear SearchBinary Search

2) SortingBubble SortSelection Sort

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Page 12: Topics to be covered  Introduction to array Introduction to array  Types of array Types of array  One dimensional array One dimensional array  Declaration

Program for Linear Search#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{

int a[20],i,n,d,c=0;

clrscr();

printf("\n enter the value of n");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("\n enter the element");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

{

scanf("%d",&a[i]);

}

printf("\n enter the element to be searched");

scanf("%d",&d);

Page 13: Topics to be covered  Introduction to array Introduction to array  Types of array Types of array  One dimensional array One dimensional array  Declaration

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

if(a[i]==d)

{

printf("\n elements found at location%d",i+1);

c++;

}

if(c==0)

printf("Element not found");

getch();

}

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Page 14: Topics to be covered  Introduction to array Introduction to array  Types of array Types of array  One dimensional array One dimensional array  Declaration

Program for Binary Search#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){ int a[10],i,n,m,b,e,d; clrscr(); printf("Enter the size of an array"); scanf("%d",&n); printf("\nEnter the elements of the array"); for(i=0;i<n;i++){ scanf("%d",&a[i]); } printf("\nThe elements of an array are"); for(i=0;i<n;i++){ printf(" %d",a[i]); }

Page 15: Topics to be covered  Introduction to array Introduction to array  Types of array Types of array  One dimensional array One dimensional array  Declaration

printf("\nEnter the number to be search"); scanf("%d",&d); b=0; e=n-1; m=(b+e)/2;while((a[m]!=d)&&(b<=e)){if(a[m]<d)b=m+1;else e=m-1;m=(b+e)/2;}if(a[m]==d)printf("Element is found at position%d",m+1);elseprintf("Element is not found"); getch();}

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Page 16: Topics to be covered  Introduction to array Introduction to array  Types of array Types of array  One dimensional array One dimensional array  Declaration

Program for Bubble Sort#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

main()

{

int nums[5];

int i,j,temp,n;

clrscr();

printf("Enter size of an array");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("\n enter the array element");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

{

scanf("%d",&nums[i]);

}

Page 17: Topics to be covered  Introduction to array Introduction to array  Types of array Types of array  One dimensional array One dimensional array  Declaration

//BUBBLE SORTING

for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)

for(j=0;j<n-1-i;j++)

if(nums[j]>nums[j+1])

{

temp=nums[j];

nums[j]=nums[j+1];

nums[j+1]=temp;

}

printf("\n\n\t the sorted array is \n");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

{

printf("\t%d",nums[i]);

}

getch();

}

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Page 18: Topics to be covered  Introduction to array Introduction to array  Types of array Types of array  One dimensional array One dimensional array  Declaration

Program for Selection Sort#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{

int nums[20];

int i,j,small,sp,t,n;

clrscr();

printf("Enter value of n");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("\n enter the array element");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

{

scanf("%d",&nums[i]);

}

Page 19: Topics to be covered  Introduction to array Introduction to array  Types of array Types of array  One dimensional array One dimensional array  Declaration

//SELECTION SORTING

for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)

{small=nums[i];

sp=i;

for(j=i+1;j<n;j++)

if(nums[j]<small)

{

small=nums[j];

sp=j;

}

t=nums[i];

nums[i]=nums[sp]; //swapping

nums[sp]=t;

}

printf("\n\n\t the sorted array is \n");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

{printf("\t%d",nums[i]);}

getch();} Back

Page 20: Topics to be covered  Introduction to array Introduction to array  Types of array Types of array  One dimensional array One dimensional array  Declaration

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