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Top AutoCAD Customization Tips

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Top

Customization Tips Every AutoCAD User Should Know

By Ellen Finkelstein

www.ellenfinkelstein.com

http://www.ellenfinkelstein.com/



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Ellen Finkelstein’s Top Customization Tips Every AutoCAD

User Should Know Published by Rainbow Resources

2010 Coral Lane, Fairfield, IA 52556, USA

Copyright 2014 For information, e-mail [email protected]

Manufactured in the United States of America

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means,

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(978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to

[email protected] or Ellen Finkelstein, Rainbow Resources Publishing, at the above address, or 641-472-1832.

Limit of liability/disclaimer of warranty: the publisher and the author make no Representations or warranties with

respect to the accuracy or completeness of the Contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including

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About the Author

Ellen Finkelstein has been using AutoCAD since 1986, teaching it since

1989 and writing about it since 1992. She is the author of the best-selling AutoCAD & AutoCAD LT Bible, which started with Release 14

and has been updated many times since then.

Ellen has written extensively on AutoCAD, including articles for Autodesk's website and features for AutoCAD's Help system. Ellen's

first book was AutoCAD For Dummies Quick Reference. Since then, she has written books on PowerPoint, Flash (including Flash CS5 For

Dummies), and Web technologies (Syndicating Web Sites with RSS Feeds For Dummies).

Her well-known website, EllenFinkelstein.com, and blog, AutoCAD Tips Blog, are very popular among AutoCAD users. You can join thousands

of other AutoCAD users and subscribe to her free AutoCAD Tips Newsletter.


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Acknowledgments & Dedication

I’d like to thank my husband, Evan, for supporting me in my work,

and my two children, who are the joys of my life. While most of the tips are mine, there are also contributions from my readers and I

want to thank them for sharing their knowledge.

*** To MMY, for teaching me that the Unified Field and the spirit of God

are one and the same, and that anyone can experience it as bliss consciousness.

***


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Introduction

AutoCAD users are always looking for ways to be more productive.

That’s why they love tips! AutoCAD is meant to be customized, but customization is one of the most complex features of AutoCAD. I’ve

been writing tips for years, so I thought I would compile some favorite customization tips so everyone can easily use them.

One reason that I love writing AutoCAD tips is that people are so

appreciative. They really want to learn more about this huge program. AutoCAD is not only useful – it’s fun! I hope that this e-book will help

you become more productive, less stressed, and more knowledgeable.


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Contents

About the Author 3

Acknowledgments & Dedication 4

Introduction 5

Chapter 1 Automation 7

1. Create a command alias (keyboard shortcut) 7

2. Automate tasks with a script file 12

3. Record macros with the Action Recorder 14

4. Use the command line to launch programs 22

5. Create a custom command 22

6. Create a custom keyboard shortcut 26

Chapter 2 User Interface 29

7. Add a button to the ribbon in AutoCAD 29

8. Make the command line work the way you want it to 33

9. Change the color of almost any AutoCAD screen feature 38

Chapter 3 Linetypes and hatches 41

10. Create a custom simple linetype 41

11. Creating custom hatch patterns 44

Chapter 4 AutoLISP 50

12. Get all of your AutoLISP routines to load themselves 50

13. Create a custom command for AutoCAD using AutoLISP 51

Chapter 5 Miscellaneous 56

14. Create a custom function in AutoCAD’s calculator 56

15. Easily share tool palettes with colleagues 61

Sign up to get the free AutoCAD Tips Newsletter! 64

Don’t miss! 64


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Chapter 1 Automation

One of the main reasons for customizing AutoCAD is to speed up your

work. In this section, I cover

Command aliases Script files

Recording macros Launching programs from the command line

Custom commands Keyboard shortcuts

1. Create a command alias (keyboard shortcut)

Many people like to use the keyboard to enter commands, but

some of the commands are long, hard to type, or difficult to

remember. You can create keyboard shortcuts for commands, such as

DL for DIMLINEAR or RVC for REVCLOUD.

AutoCAD comes with a large number of aliases already made for

you. You edit the acad.pgp file to add to these, or change them.

The acad.pgp file is a text file and you can edit it directly, but the

easiest way is to use the Express Tools ALIASEDIT command.

Follow these steps:

1. Choose Express > Tools > Command Alias Editor.


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2. After deciding the command and alias you want, check to

see if the command already has an alias. Click

the AutoCAD Command column to alphabetize the list by

commands. Scroll to look for the command.

3. If it doesn’t have an alias, check to see if the alias is

already in use. To do so, click the Alias column to

alphabetize that column. Click any alias, and type the first

letter of the alias to jump to aliases starting with that

letter. Look for the alias.

4. If your command isn’t listed and your alias isn’t being

used, click Add.


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5. Type the alias in the Alias text box and

the AutoCAD command below it. All the commands are

on the list, and as you start to type, the command

appears on the list. You can click it as soon as you see it,

or type the entire command. For example, I added rvc for

REVCLOUD. Click OK.

6. If your command is on the list, but your alias isn’t, you

can add the alias for the command. As before, click Add,

enter the alias, and specify the command. A command

can have more than one alias. I added dl for DIMLINEAR,

even though there were other aliases for that command.

7. If your alias is being used, you can delete or change it.

Then you can use it for a different command. For

example, rc is the alias for RENDERCROP, which you might

rarely use. By deleting it, you could use rc for RECTANG.


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To delete an alias, select it and click Remove, then click

Yes to confirm.

8. You can change an existing alias. For example, you might

want to change the alias for RENDERCROP to rencr,

instead of deleting it. To do so, choose the alias, and click

Edit. In the Edit Command Alias dialog box (which looks

just like the New Command Alias dialog box), enter the

new alias and click OK.

Note: You might be surprised to see some aliases on the

list that are longer than their commands! Or completely

different. AutoCAD uses this to map one command to another or to

include command names that don’t exist, but that people might still

use. For example, the RECTANG command has an alias of rectangle.

Tip: To print the alias list, choose File > Print from

the AutoCAD Alias Editor’s menu.

9. When you’re done, click OK. If the Confirm Changes dialog

box is checked, you get a message asking you to confirm

that you want to replace the configuration file (acad.pgp).

Click Yes.


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10. AutoCAD doesn’t recognize the change right away,

because it doesn’t re-check the acad.pgp file during a

session. You could close and re-open AutoCAD, but there’s

an easier way. On the command line, enter reinit.

11. Check the PGP File check box and click OK. Now

your new aliases will work. Try them out!

Note: You can edit the acad.pgp file directly. It’s in the Support

folder. To find that folder, choose Tools > Options and click the Files

tab. Double-click the Support File Search Path item and look at the

first item. This file contains a User Defined Command Aliases section

at the end where you can add your own aliases; these aliases override

those in the main section. Use the same format as you see in the file,


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which is Shortcut,*Full_command_name. Save the file and use the

REINIT command as just described.

2. Automate tasks with a script file

A script is a macro, a list of commands that you can run all at

once, and as many times as necessary, allowing you to automate

tasks that would take a long time if you did them manually.

Scripts can be very powerful and you can run them on objects in one

drawing, or on many drawings. Scripts have been around for many

years and many people have a library of scripts that they use.

Here are 3 important points that you need to know about

scripts:

1. Scripts are text-only (ASCII) files. You usually create them

in Notepad.

2. They have an SCR filename extension, so be sure to save them that way.

3. Scripts use command-line syntax only. They can’t access dialog boxes, toolbar buttons, etc.

Follow these steps to create a script file:

1. Set the FILEDIA system variable to 0, to stop dialog boxes

that access files from opening.

2. Run through the steps that you want to automate, using

the command line only. Write down (or type in Notepad)

the steps. You can copy your command line entry directly


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to Notepad. Press F2 to open the AutoCAD Text Window

for that purpose.

3. Press Enter at the end of each command or use a blank

space, which is the equivalent of pressing Enter. The

script reads every space, so you need to get it exactly

right! The script is easier to read if you put each command

on its own line.

4. Enclose layer names or files names (and file paths) that

contain spaces in quotation marks.

5. Insert comments periodically for explanation. To insert a

comment, precede the text with a semicolon.

6. Save the file with an SCR filename extension, by

typing .scr after the file name.

7. Set FILEDIA back to 1.

To run and test the script file from within a drawing, use the

SCRIPT command. A dialog box opens, where you can choose

your script file. Click Open and the script runs.

Let’s say that you want to run a script file on more than one

drawing. You can use the OPEN, CLOSE, and QSAVE commands to

open drawings, run some commands, save the drawings, and then

close them. You can still start the script from within the 1st drawing,

but you can also start a script file as you open AutoCAD.


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To do so, you change the expression that Windows uses to

open AutoCAD. The best way to do this is to use the shortcut on

your Desktop. Follow these steps:

1. Right-click the shortcut and choose Properties.

2. Click the Shortcut tab.

3. At the end of the existing expression (which reads

something like C:\Program Files\AutoCAD 2015\acad.exe)

add a space and then the following:

/b script_name

4. Click OK.

5. Double-click the shortcut to open AutoCAD and run the

script.

I've also tried Hurricane, which automates the process of

creating and running script files on multiple drawings. It

comes with many existing script files and offers lots of

flexibility.

3. Record macros with the Action Recorder

Since AutoCAD 2009, you can record macros for later use. You

can include requests for user input and messages to make the macro

work interactively.

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When you save a macro, it has an ACTM filename extension.

You’ll find it in your Support\Actions folder of your AutoCAD

installation. You can share ACTM files with others.

Start by thinking about the conditions that you’ll need when you

run the macro. Will you be in model space or paper space? The macro

doesn’t keep track of all of the current settings. If a certain setting is

necessary, use the system variable or the SETVAR command while

recording the macro to make sure that you have the setup you’ll need

at playback time.

Action Recorder macros have some limitations:

You can’t open files

You can’t grip edit or use PRESSPULL

You can’t load VBA files

Macros also don’t record changes to a dialog box, which means

that you may need to use the command line version of a command. If

you’ve worked with scripts, you’re familiar with this type of

functioning.

You may find other limitations.

The Action Recorder feature is on the Tools tab, in the Action

Recorder panel.


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Here’s an example of how you would create a macro to change

all objects to the default 0.25mm lineweight. You might get drawings

from a company that adds lineweights to objects. Moreover, their

default might be different. So this macro sets the default to 0.25,

turns on the display of lineweights, and then uses the CHPROP

command to change the lineweight of selected objects to the default.

At the end, the macro turns off lineweight display.

Figuring out which commands to use often involves some

research. For example, I knew that I could turn the lineweight display

off and on using the button on the status bar, but I couldn’t do that in


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the macro, since I didn’t know which way the display would be when I

played back the macro. If I wanted to turn the display on, and it was

already on, clicking the button would turn it off! So I needed to find

the system variable involved, which was LWDEFAULT. Then, it was

easy to turn it on and off as needed.

When you’ve figured out the steps that you want to take, and

tried them out a couple of times in different situations, you’re ready

to record.

Choose Tools tab> Action Recorder panel> Record. Your cursor

now has a red dot, to show you that you’re recording.

Go through the steps that you practiced. When you’re done.

click the Stop button that has replaced the Record button. You now

have the opportunity to name and save the macro, as well as choose

a few options.


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Here is the command line that I created as I recorded:


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Because I specified all at the Select objects: prompt, the

macro will always select all objects. I tested that by adding more

objects with a non-default lineweight; they were also changed.

Here’s what the macro looks like in the Action Recorder drop-

down window:


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I might want to be able to select individual objects. Letting the

user select objects makes the macro interactive, and it’s a very

helpful feature.

To do this, I reorganized the macro and used the SELECT

command before the CHPROP command. While recording, I simply

picked any objects. For the CHPROP command, I then used

the p (Previous) option at the Select objects: prompt. When I was

done, the macro looked like this:


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Then I right-clicked the Select Objects item, and chose Request

User Input, as shown below:

When I ran the macro, I got a dialog box asking if I wanted to

provide user input. By accepting that option, I was able to either

select objects, or enter all.


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4. Use the command line to launch programs

You may know that you can start certain Windows

programs from the command line. These programs are in the acad.pgp

file that defines aliases for commands. The first section has aliases for

Windows commands.

To edit this file and add more commands, choose Tools >

Customize > Edit Program Parameters. Notepad opens the acad.pgp

file. Scroll down until you see the following:

Therefore, if you type explorer on the command line, Windows

Explorer opens. To open a new file in Notepad, type notepad and press

Enter at the prompt that appears.

If you add commands, use the same format. The text before

these commands explains the meaning of the 1 and the general

format. Then save the file. Back in AutoCAD, type reinit to reinitialize

acad.pgp and you’ll be able to use your changes.

5. Create a custom command

If you find yourself using the same combination of commands

and options over and over, you can easily create a custom command


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that executes the combination with a click of a button or a menu item.

In this tutorial, I explain the basics of AutoCAD’s menu syntax so that

you can create your own commands. No programming required!

Enter cui at the command line/dynamic tooltip to open the

Customize User Interface dialog box.

In the Command List pane, click New (Create a New Command).

In the Properties pane, enter a name for the command in the

Name text box. Also enter a description in the Description text box.

If you think your command will be long or need more than one

line, click in the Macro text box and then click the Ellipsis button that

appears on the right. Then enter your macro in the Long String Editor

dialog box. Otherwise, enter the macro in the Macro text box. Start by

writing out the combination of commands and options as you would

enter them on the command line or in a script. Then add any

necessary special characters.

Below are the special characters you need to know for menu

macros:

Character Description

Space Equivalent to pressing Enter except when

entering text to create a text object that


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contains spaces (between words). Use

between the command and its options.

; (semi-

colon)

Equivalent to pressing Enter. The end of a

line in a menu macro is also equivalent to

pressing Enter. More helpful than using a

space when you need to press Enter twice,

because it shows the number of Enters

more clearly. Also helpful at the end of the

macro.

\ Pauses for user input, such as picking a

point or entering a value.

+ At the end of a macro line, continues the

macro to the next line

*

At the beginning of a macro, before

^C^C, repeats the macro until you press

Esc or choose another menu item.

^P

Toggles the display of the menu macro on

the command line; makes the macro look

neater when you use it.


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From the Command List Categories drop-down list, choose

Custom Commands to easily find your command. Select it and drag it

to the desired tab at the top of the Customize User Interface dialog

box.

You can use the Button Editor to give it an image. Usually, you

choose an existing button to start with, click Edit, and modify it. Then

click the Save As button to save the icon image.

Click OK and try out your new command!


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6. Create a custom keyboard shortcut

Would you like to create a keyboard shortcut to your favorite

command-option combination? For example, I would like a version

of the COPY command that doesn’t repeat, that is, that ends after one

copy operation. Here are the steps:

Enter cui to open the Customize User Interface dialog box.

In the Command List pane, click the New button.

In the Properties pane, you can now specify your new command.

Enter a name and a macro. If the macro is long, click the Ellipsis

button at the right side of the Macro text box to open the Long String

Editor. My macro was^C^C_select;\_copy;_previous;;\\;;


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In the Customizations In All Files pane at the top, expand Partial

CUI Files, then Custom, then Keyboard Shortcuts, so you can

see the Shortcut Keys item.

Find your new command in the Command List pane (it’s listed

under the name you gave it and a tip is to choose Custom Commands

from the drop-down list in that pane) and drag it to the Shortcut Keys

item in the top pane.


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Click the command where it appears in the top pane. Its

Properties pane now shows a Key(s) item. Click that item and then

click its Ellipsis button. The Shortcut Keys dialog box opens.

Press the shortcut key combination you want to use and you can

see if it’s unassigned — or assigned to something you never use.

Generally, it has to start with Ctrl, Ctrl+Shift, or Shift. Click OK.

Click OK to close the Customize User Interface dialog box.

Try out your new shortcut!


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Chapter 2 User Interface AutoCAD's user interface is completely customizable and you should

certainly take advantage of this fact to organize the ribbon to make

your work go more quickly and make the user interface look the way you want it to.

In this chapter I cover how to:

Add a button to the ribbon Make the command line work the way you want it to

Change the color of almost any AutoCAD screen feature

7. Add a button to the ribbon in AutoCAD

If you’re interested in creating custom commands, also see

“Tutorial: Create a custom command.” This tutorial builds on those

skills, but is complete in itself.

Choose Tools tab> Customization panel> User Interface, or just

type cui on the command line.

Tip: If you display the tab you want to work on and type cui on

the command line, you can see that tab as you work– just move the

Customize User Interface dialog box. In fact, if you click the title of

the panel you want to work on and click the Pin icon, you can keep

even the bottom section open as you work. (Unfortunately, the

bottom section collapses when you click Apply.)

In the Customization in All CUI Files pane, expand the Ribbon

Panels item.

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Expand the panel where you want to add your command. You’ll

see several rows. Expand one or more rows that you might want to

look at. Here you see the Draw-2D panel open with several of its

rows. To the left, you can see the expanded panel itself.

Note: Sub-panels are a way of compartmentalizing commands

for layout purposes. On the Draw-2D panel, there’s a sub-panel after

the LINE command to separate that command from the rest. Also,

each panel comes with a panel separator. Rows below the panel

separator don’t show until you click the panel name; they’re in the

lower, expanded section.


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Caution: Remember to back up your original menu file in case

you make a mistake! The file is acad.cui or acad.cuix (depending on

which release of AutoCAD you’re using). The location may vary, so use

the OPTIONS command and click the Files tab. Open the

Customization Files item to find the location. When you find the file,

use Windows Explorer to back it up. Another option is to use Windows

Explorer to make a copy first, rename the copy, and load the copy.

Use the CUILOAD command to first unload the main acad.cui file, then

browse to your copy and load that.

Decide which changes you want to make. I added a custom

command and moved existing commands around to better suit how

often I use them. Don’t make the panel too wide, because you need

to leave room for the rest of the panels. If you make a panel too wide,

others will be condensed and you won’t see all of their contents.

To move existing commands, drag them from one location to

another. (Sometimes this doesn’t always seem to work on the first

try; try another location, or delete the command and drag it from the

Command List to the new location.) To delete a command, right-click

and choose Remove.

To add a different or custom command, locate it in the

Command List at the lower-left corner of the dialog box. Then drag it

to the desired location.


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To delete a sub-panel, drag its contents to another location,

right-click it, and choose Delete. Sub-panels do a nice job of setting

off buttons, but they create blank space that you might want to use.

When you’ve made a few changes and want to see how they

look, click the Apply button and wait while AutoCAD reloads the menu.

Note: The panel preview at the upper-left corner of the dialog

box isn’t completely accurate, so don’t rely on it completely. For

example, my preview showed the LINE command with a large icon,

but it shows as a standard-sized icon on my ribbon. You can set the

size in the Properties panel.

When you’re done, click OK. Here you can see my new menu.

I’ve added a custom 1LINE command (line \\;) which ends the LINE

command after one line. I’ve also moved the existing buttons around

and banished some to below the panel separator.


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(Originally done in AutoCAD 2009.)

8. Make the command line work the way you want it to

The command line is an essential component of drawing

in AutoCAD. Even if you don’t type commands there, you need to look

at it for prompts and you probably use it to specify options.

The command line is actually a palette window.

See more of the command line

The command line palette shows 2 - 3 lines of text depending

on your release of AutoCAD. You can drag the upper edge of the

palette to show more lines.


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To display the entire history of the command line, press F2 to

open the AutoCAD Text Window or expand the command line window.


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See less of the command line

On the other hand, if you think that the command line takes up

too much space you can hide it or collapse it.

To hide the command line, pres CTrl + 9. So you don’t do this

by accident without knowing how to get the command line back, you

see this message:

Check the Always Close the Command Line Window check box

to avoid seeing this message the next time. Then click Yes. Now, you

can easily toggle the command line to display and hide it.

To collapse the command line (like other palettes such as the

Properties window or the Tool Palettes), first undock if necessary it by

dragging its gray title or grab bar at the left.


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Then right-click the gray title bar and choose Auto-Hide. The

command line palette collapses to a small gray bar. That’s pretty

small! But as soon as you hover your cursor over the bar, the

command line expands.

Let AutoCAD help you

Starting with AutoCAD 2012, when you start to type a

command, AutoCAD auto-completes. If you pause, you see all


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commands starting with the letters you typed and you can choose the

desired command.

You can do minor editing as you type, in case you make a

mistake (before pressing Enter):

Home: Moves the cursor to the beginning of the line

End: Moves the cursor to the end of the line

Left arrow: Moves the cursor to the left

Right arrow: Moves the cursor to the right

Backspace: Deletes the character to the left of the cursor

Delete: Deletes the character to the right of the cursor

You can also use Ctrl+V to paste text from the Windows

clipboard.

More command line tricks & tips

Here are some more ways to make using the command line

easier:

Repeat the last line you entered: Press the Up arrow

and press Enter.


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Copy a previous command from the Text

Window: Press F2 to open the Text Window or expand the

command panel, highlight the item you want, right-click,

and choose Paste To CmdLine.

Repeat a recent command: In the Text Window, right-

click and choose Recent Commands. Then choose the

command you want.

9. Change the color of almost any AutoCAD screen feature

A reader told me he was having

problems with his 3DCLIP command after

upgrading to AutoCAD 2013. It turned out

that it was an issue with the color of the

clipping plane. That rang a bell. Here’s what I

told him to do:

Start the OPTIONS command. You can

right-click almost anywhere and choose

Options.

The Options dialog box opens. Click the

Display tab.

Click the Colors button to open the Drawing Window Colors

dialog box. Here, you can alter the color of almost any interface item

in the AutoCAD window — making AutoCAD the most customizable

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interface I know of. The most common item to change here is the

drawing background, but you’ll find a lot more options here.

In this case, I said to choose 3D Parallel Projection (and repeat

with 3D Perspective Projection) in the Context list. Don’t forget to

choose the appropriate item in the Context box before going on.

Scroll down to the Camera Clipping Planes item. Or choose the

item you want to change.

Click the Color drop-down list and choose a color. You can

choose a standard color or click Select Color to specify any color you

want.

Click Apply & Close.

Click OK to return to your drawing.


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Chapter 3 Linetypes and hatches

Hatches and linetypes are a hallmark of technical drawings. In this

chapter, I show you how to create custom linetypes and hatches.

10. Create a custom simple linetype

AutoCAD comes with a number of linetypes: continuous, dashed

(various lengths), dotted, dash-dot, border, center, and so on. But

you can make your own. A simple linetype is just a pattern of dashes,

dots, and spaces. (A complex linetype can include text and shapes,

but that’s another tutorial.)

To create your own simple linetype, follow these steps:

Open Notepad. A linetype file is a text file. Usually you

use Notepad to edit it.

Navigate to acad.lin. This is the default file for linetypes. By

default, you can find it the Support folder for your installation of

AutoCAD.

Choose File > Save As and save it under another name, but in

the same folder, such as mylinetypes.lin. You can edit acad.lin

directly, but be sure to back it up first.

Acad.lin looks like this:


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Scroll down to the User Defined Linetypes section at the end

of the file. After the comments, enter your linetype definition. Here is

the syntax:

A linetype has two lines of text. The first line’s syntax looks like

this:

*linetype name[, description]


43

That means that the first line always starts with an asterisk (*).

Then you add the name, which can’t have spaces. The description is

optional and limited to 47 characters. If you add a description,

precede it with a comma. For example:

*proposed border,3 dashes and a dot – - – .

The second line, which defines the linetype, starts with the letter

A. You separate each item with a comma, but no spaces. The

maximum length for the second line is 80 characters. Here are your

options:

A dash: use a positive number, indicating the length in

units

A dot: use a 0 (zero)

A space: use a negative number, indicating the length in

units

Press Enter after the second line and save the file. Here’s an

example:

Go back to your drawing and open the Layer Properties

Manager.


44

Click the New Layer icon and name the new layer anything you

want. Assign it any color you want.

Click Continuous in the Linetype column. In the Select

Linetype dialog box, click Load.

In the Load or Reload Linetypes dialog

box, click File. Select mylinetypes.lin (or

whatever you named your file) and click

Open.

In the Load or Reload Linetypes dialog

box, choose your linetype and click OK.

In the Select Linetype dialog box,

choose your linetype and click OK to assign it

to the new layer.

Click Set Current and click OK.

Start the LINE command and use your

new linetype!

11. Creating custom hatch patterns

While AutoCAD comes with a large variety of hatch patterns, you

can also create your own. This feature has been around for many

years.


45

Hatch patterns are stored in files with a file extension of .pat.

You can add your hatch to the default acad.pat or create your own

.pat file. As always, don’t forget to make a copy of acad.pat or

acadlt.pat before you edit it.

If you create your own .pat file, here are some points to

remember:

If you aren’t adding patterns to acad.pat or acadlt.pat,

you can put only one hatch pattern in a custom .pat file;

the filename and pattern name must be the same

You can insert comments in your .pat file after a

semicolon

You must press Enter after the end of the last line of the

hatch definition

Note: To find the location of acad.pat or acadlt.pat, right-click

the drawing area and choose Options; then click the Files tab. Double-

click the Support File Search Path item to display the location of the

support files.

The syntax for hatch patterns is as follows:

*pattern-name[, description]

angle, x-origin,y-origin, delta-x,delta-y [, dash1, dash2, ...]

Hatch-pattern definitions have a few rules:


46

The description is optional; if you include one, precede it

with a comma.

Add the dash specifications only for noncontinuous lines.

You can have more than one definition line (the second

line in the syntax I just showed), creating sets of hatch

definitions that combine to create the hatch pattern.

Each definition line can be no more than 80 characters.

You can include a maximum of six dash specifications

(which include spaces and dots).

You can add spaces in the definition lines for readability.

This following explains the meaning of the terms in the

definition:

Angle: Defines the angle of the lines in the hatch pattern. If

you also specify an angle in the Boundary Hatch and Gradient dialog

box when you place the hatch, AutoCAD adds the two angles.

X-origin: Specifies the X coordinate of the base point of the

hatch pattern. Your hatch probably won’t go through 0,0; however,

this point lines up sets of lines in hatch patterns, as well as aligning

hatch patterns in different areas. Because all hatch patterns are

calculated from the base point, they’re always aligned, no matter

where they actually appear in the drawing.


47

Y-origin: Specifies the Y coordinate of the base point of the

hatch pattern.

Delta-x: Specifies the offset of successive lines. This applies

only to dashed lines and is measured along the direction of the lines.

Specifying a delta-x staggers each successive line by the amount that

you specify so that the dashes don’t line up.

Delta-y: Specifies the distance between lines, measured

perpendicular to the direction of the lines. This applies to both

continuous and dashed lines.

Dash: Defines a non-continuous line using the same system as

linetype definitions: positive for a dash, negative for a space, and 0

for a dot.

Let’s look at a couple of examples.

*ftrailer, proposed future trailers

105, 0,0, 0,0.5, .5,–.25,0,–.1,0,–.25

This hatch has an angle of 105 degrees, an origin of 0,0, a

delta-x of 0, a delta-y of 0.5 (the spacing between lines), and then

defines a non-continuous linetype (dash, space, dot, space, dot,

space)


48

Here’s a more complex example:

*trail, whole trailers-proposed

0, 0,0, 0,2, .5,–1

90, 0,0, 0,1.5, .5,–.25,0,–.25,.5,–.5

90, .5,0, 0,1.5, .5,–.25,0,–.25,.5,–.5

0, 0,1.5, 0,2, .5,–1

This hatch pattern has 4 lines. Two are at 0 degrees, and two

are at 90 degrees. This creates the rectangular shape. The difference

between the two lines that start at 0 degrees is their origin. The

second one starts at 0,1.5. The 90-degree lines also have different

origins. The linetype for the 90-degree lines is dash, space, dot,

space, dash, space.


49

See how the effect of trailers is created?


50

Chapter 4 AutoLISP

AutoLISP was the original programming language that allowed you to

program AutoCAD and it's still widely used, even though there are

other options. In this chapter, I explain how to:

Automatically load your AutoLISP routines Create a custom command with AutoLISP

12. Get all of your AutoLISP routines to load themselves

An easy way is to type the AutoLISP routines in a file and save it

as anything.lsp. Then choose Tools> AutoLISP> Load Application.

Browse to anything.lsp and drag it to the Startup Suite, which has an

icon of a suitcase. Then it will load whenever you start AutoCAD.


51

13. Create a custom command for AutoCAD using AutoLISP

AutoLISP offers powerful programming capabilities to AutoCAD,

but you don’t need to be a programmer to use it. You can fairly easily

create a simple custom command that can make your work go more

quickly. In this tutorial, you’ll create a custom command that draws

a red circle in any location and with any radius. You could use it to

encircle areas where corrections need to be made.

Open Notepad.

Type the following:

(defun c:redcircle (/ center pt-on-circumference)

(terpri)

(setq center (getpoint “Specify center of red circle:”))

(terpri)

(setq pt-on-circumference (getpoint center “Pick a point on the

circumference:”))

(command “_circle” center pt-on-circumference)

(command “_chprop” “_last” “” “_color” “red” “”)

)

Save the file in a folder that is in your support file search path.

Name it redcircle.lsp (not .txt, the default for Notepad).


52

In AutoCAD, choose

Manage tab> Applications

panel> Load Application (the

APPLOAD command) to open

the Load/Unload Applications

dialog box.

Choose redcircle.lsp and

click Load. You should see the

message redcirle.lsp

successfully loaded at the

bottom of the dialog box.

Click Close.

On the command line, type redcircle and press Enter.

At the Specify center of red circle: prompt, specify the

circle’s center.

At the Pick a point on the circumference: prompt, pick a

point on the desired circumference to specify the radius.

AutoCAD draws the circle and immediately makes it red.


53

How does it work?

Here’s a line-by-line explanation:

(defun c:redcircle (/ center pt-on-

circumference): Everything in AutoLISP is enclosed in parentheses,

so you start with an open parenthesis. (You’ll close it at the very end

of the routine.) defun followed by c: creates a custom command.

Then add the name of the command. The parentheses after the

command name are for variables that you’ll define. In this case, they

are center and pt-on-circumference. The forward slash and space

just have to be there.


54

(terpri): This function makes the upcoming prompt go on a

new line so it’s easy to read.

(setq center (getpoint “Specify center of red

circle:”)): The setq function means you’re defining a variable. Its

name is center. Then you need another open parenthesis for

getpoint which lets the user specify a point. After that is the prompt

in quotation marks. You can put anything you want; it should be self-

explanatory to the user. After that, you need to close both sets of

parentheses.

(setq pt-on-circumference (getpoint center “Pick a point

on the circumference:”)): Here again, you’re defining a variable,

pt-on-circumference, and getting the point from the user. The only

part that isn’t obvious is putting the center variable after getpoint. But

you need to do this to create the rubberband line from the center;

this is how AutoCAD measures the radius.

(command “_circle” center pt-on-circumference): Using

the command function accesses AutoCAD’s regular commands. The

underscore before circle allows for translation; it isn’t necessary. You

put the command name in quotation marks. Then you give AutoCAD

the information it needs to create the circle, namely the center and

radius (specified by a point on the circumference). The AutoLISP

routine applies the values you gave the variables when you picked the

2 points.


55

(command “_chprop” “_last” “” “_color” “red” “”): We

now use the CHPROP command to make the circle red. The CHPROP

command is just perfect for AutoLISP routines where you want

everything to be on the command line, rather than on the ribbon or in

a dialog box. Then, you specify the last object created; this is applied

to the Select objects: prompt. The 2 empty quotation marks end

selection. Then you use the Color option and specify read as the color.

All the options go in quotation marks. The final empty quotation

marks end the command.

): This closes the first open parenthesis and ends the routine.

How do you use the routine?

Save the file with a filename extension of .lsp in a folder that’s

in AutoCAD’s support file search path. If you don’t know how to load

an AutoLISP file, see “How to load an AutoLISP program” and

“How to load an AutoLISP program quickly.” Then just type the

name of the command you created (in this example it’s REDCIRCLE)

on the command line.

What else can you create? Try using what you just learned to

create an AutoLISP routine that draws a blue line.

http://www.ellenfinkelstein.com/acadblog/how-to-load-an-autolisp-program/

http://www.ellenfinkelstein.com/acadblog/loading-autolisp-programs-quickly/


56

Chapter 5 Miscellaneous

Some aspects of customization are not easily categorized. In this

chapter, I explain how to:

Create a custom function in the calculator Share tool palettes with colleagues

14. Create a custom function in AutoCAD’s calculator

AutoCAD calculator (the QUICKCALC command) is a great

feature for both simple and complex calculations. One of the great

features is the ability to calculate coordinates.

QuickCalc has variables (or functions) that are shortcuts to

some of the more complex coordinate calculations. To use these

functions, follow these steps:

1. Start a command.

2. At the prompt where you need the function,

type ‘quickcalc (or ‘qc). The QuickCalc window opens.

3. From the Variables list, double-click the function that you

want to place it in the Input box of the QuickCalc window.

4. Press Enter. You return to your drawing and see a pickbox

cursor.

5. Pick the required points, most commonly by object

snaps. The QuickCalc window returns, and you see an

absolute coordinate in theInput box.


57

6. Click the Apply button.

7. Continue the command.

For example, let’s say I have a rectangle and I want to start a

line at its center, defined as the intersection of the two diagonal lines

drawn from opposite corners. Here’s one way to do that:

1. Start the LINE command.

2. At the Specify first point: prompt, type ‘qc.

3. From the Variables list (you might have to

expand the QuickCalc window to see it; then

expand the Variables category), double-click ille.

4. Press Enter. You return to your drawing with a large

pickbox.

5. Pick the first set of diagonal points, such as the upper-left,

then the lower-right corners of the rectangle.

6. Pick the second set of diagonal points, such as the upper-

right, then the lower-left corners of the rectangle.

7. Click the Apply button in the QuickCalc window.

Your line’s start point is now set at the center of the rectangle

and you can continue the command.


58

Create a custom function

When you click a function, you see a tooltip giving you the full

format of the function. You can use this format to create your

own functions. For example, mee (midpoint between two endpoints)

is (end+end)/2. So, to find the midpoint between two nodes (rather

than two endpoints), you would use (nod+nod)/2.


59

To save your custom function, click the New Variable button

at the top of the Variables section. The Variable Definition dialog box

opens, where you can define and save the variable.

Then, your custom variable appears on the list and you can use

it like one of the variables that come with AutoCAD. You can

see mnn at the very bottom of the list.


60

How cool is that? (Done in AutoCAD 2011)


61

15. Easily share tool palettes with colleagues

Tool palettes can be a great place to store blocks, custom

commands, and more. For example, in this post, I explain how to

use tool palettes for blocks. And here I explain how to use tool

palettes for user-defined hatches.

But what if you want to share them with others? You can share

tool palettes by exporting them to a file. Then others import the same

file to access the tool palettes.

Export a tool palette or group to a file

Follow these steps to export a tool palette (or group) to a file:

http://www.ellenfinkelstein.com/acadblog/keep-blocks-accessible-so-you-can-insert-them-in-any-drawing-part-i-tool-palettes/

http://www.ellenfinkelstein.com/acadblog/keep-blocks-accessible-so-you-can-insert-them-in-any-drawing-part-i-tool-palettes/

http://www.ellenfinkelstein.com/acadblog/use-tool-palettes-to-save-and-place-user-defined-hatch-patterns/

http://www.ellenfinkelstein.com/acadblog/use-tool-palettes-to-save-and-place-user-defined-hatch-patterns/


62

Choose Manage tab> Customization panel> Tool Palettes (the

CUSTOMIZE command) to open the Customize dialog box. Note that

each tab in the Tool Palettes window is a separate tool palette.

Right click a tool palette or group and choose Export from the

menu. To export all palette groups, right-click a palette group and

choose Export All.

In the Export Palette or Export Group dialog box, choose a

location for the file. A tool palette will be an XTP file and a palette

group will be an XPG file.

Click Save.

Import a tool palette or group from a file

If someone gives you a tool

palette file (XTP or XPG), here

are the steps to import it:

Choose Manage tab>

Customization panel> Tool Palettes

(the CUSTOMIZE command) to

open the Customize dialog box.

Right-click any palette from

the left side of the dialog box and

choose Import.


63

Select the XTP or XPG file and choose

Open to display the tool palette.

Here you see the custom tool palette that I

imported.

Note: There’s more important information

on the next page!


64

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