tonle sap rural water supply and sanitation project

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CAMBODIA RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION: FROM GENDER DESIGN TO GENDER RESULTS

(ADB GRANT 0018-CAM)

Mr. Nuon Pichnimith

Deputy Director

Department of Rural Water Supply

Ministry of Rural Development

Mainstreaming Gender Equality in Infrastructure Policies and Projects Africa Regional Workshop

22-24 March 2011, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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Kingdom of Cambodia

Tonle Sap Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project

Impact: Improved health and quality of life for rural people.

Outcome: Sustained access to safe water and sanitation and better

hygiene.

Executing Agency: Ministry of Rural Development

Total Project Cost: US$24 million: (i) ADB Grant $18 million; (ii)

Government $2.06 million; and (iii) Community $3.94 million

Project Duration: 4.5 years (53 months from 2006 to 2010)

4 Outputs:

– Community mobilization and skills development

– Water supply improvement

– Sanitation improvement

– Capacity building and institutional support

Gender Mainstreaming: Gender Action Plan

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TONLE SAP RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT


Gender Analysis:Identification of Different Roles and Responsibilities

MEN WOMEN

Sometimes collect and carry water to the

house

Often make decisions on construction of

WSS facilities, including location and design

Participate in training on construction,

operation and maintenance

Sometimes share cleaning of the house,

latrine, bathroom and disposal of rubbish

Decide on location and way to release

wastewater from the house

Almost always collect and carry water to the house

Concerned with household water security and family health

Sometimes influence, but often not able to make the final decision, on

investment in WSS facilities, their location and design

Usually clean the house, latrine, bathroom and area around the well,

and dispose of rubbish

Participate in household wastewater management, but rarely

influence decisions

Play main role in educating children on good hygiene behaviors,

including proper use of latrines, hand-washing, handling of water etc.

Concerned with unsafe water and its harm on women’s health.

Participate most in hygiene education

SPECIFIC TO PROJECT AREA:

Women’s 3rd priority issue is poor water supply

Women comprise of 51.5% of total population

75% of respondents reported that the burden of collecting water falls on women and children (e.g., during the dry

season, they spend up to 3 hours per day collecting water with frequent trips and long queues at water points)

65-75% of respondents said women are responsible for hygiene and for cleaning water jars and around the well area.



Gender Action Plan

Output Actions

Community mobilization 25% of NGO staff will be female

40% of WSUG board members to be female

At least 40% of sanitation & hygiene training participants to be male

Water supply improvements Consider women’s needs in access to water points, child safety, and

operation of hand pumps before construction

50% of O&M training participants to be female

Sanitation improvements Review specific considerations that affect females (e.g. separate public

toilet blocks for women)

Capacity building and

institutional support

Gender training for MRD staff at all levels

At least 30% training participants female

Sex-disaggregated data

Project guidelines on gender mainstreaming

Implementation

Arrangements

Chair of MRD’s Gender Working Group to sit on steering committee

At least 2 GWG members in PMU

6pm international gender & social development consultant, 10pm national

community development specialist



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Output – ACommunity Mobilization

Gender balance participation in Project

Awareness Promotion Campaigns

Women’s concerns in the selection of

sub-projects

Women’s major role in technology

choices and preparation of village water

supply and sanitation plans

25% of NGO staff will be female

40% of WSUG board members to be

female

At least 40% of sanitation and hygiene

training participants to be male.



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Output – BWater Supply Improvement

Women participate in the technology

choice and technical assessment

process

Women are main users, and designs

criteria include women-friendly principles

(e.g., women’s needs in access to water

points, child safety, and operation of

hand pumps before construction)

50% of O&M training participants are

women

Women participate in the financial

management of the Water System O&M



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Output – CSanitation Improvement

Consider women's specific needs:

– Separate public toilet blocks for women

– Safety, privacy and convenience

Both men and women participate in Water

use and hygiene improvement trainings,

and messages are designed for both sexes

Implement informed choice to fit individual

requirements and financial affordable levels

Women are trained in O&M of household

latrines



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Output – D Capacity Building and Institutional Support

Gender training for MRD staff at all

levels

At least 30% training participants

female

M&E and MIS system includes sex-

disaggregated data

Project guidelines on gender

mainstreaming

Gender mainstreaming principles are

integrated in the RWSS policy strategy

framework



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Output – EProject Implementation Arrangements

Chair of MRD’s Gender Working Group (GWG)

to sit on project steering committee

At least 2 GWG members in PMU, and each PIU

has a staff responsible for gender activities.

At least one member of the female commune

council member cooperate and oversee the

Project’s Gender Action Plan implementation at

the community level.

6 person-months of international gender & social

development consultant, 10 person-months of

national community development specialist.

Gender assurances (targets)



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Gender Mainstreaming Achievements

500,000 people have access to safe water

225,000 people have a hygienic latrine

Gender mainstreaming and Gender Action Plans in the village engagement process

7 out 20 NGO staff was women (35%)

Women’s active participation in planning, technology choice, WUHE and O&M activities in water supply and sanitation

Encourage women’s active participation in management – In 5,452 WSUGs, 44% of members are women

About 39% of participants trained in O&M were women

Gender monitoring indicators in Project Performance Monitoring Systems



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Gender Mainstreaming Achievements

Reduced transportation time and labor for water collection

Sufficient water for domestic use and personal hygiene practices

Reduced water and sanitation related diseases in the family and reduced

health care costs

More productive time and healthy conditions for income-generation

activities and family care

Better social safety and convenience through having reliable water points

close their homes (within 150 meters) and household latrines

Increased influence in the decision making process for RWSS planning

and construction through active participation in the WSUG Boards and

community construction teams

Developed skills for income generation activities



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Issues and Challenges of Gender Mainstreaming

Illiteracy is high among rural women

Strong traditional norms that assign higher status to men

Traditional gender roles

Limited time for women’s participation due to household work

Married women are reluctant to take responsibilities for the Organization Management together with men

Women hesitate to express their ideas against men’s decisions and ideas



14 THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION

Women’s Active Participation in RWSS Program ensure that

Women’s Concerns are Properly Addressed

For Household Water Security and Family Health Improvements

tonle sap rural water supply and sanitation project

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