The United Kingdom of The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Great Britain and

Northern Ireland: 19Northern Ireland: 19thth centurycentury

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Moscow, 2012Moscow, 2012

The King The King George III of the George III of the United Kingdom United Kingdom ((1760-1820)1760-1820)

The King George IV of The King George IV of the United Kingdom the United Kingdom (1820-1830)(1820-1830)

The King Will iam IV The King Will iam IV of the United of the United Kingdom (1830-Kingdom (1830-1837)1837)

The Queen The Queen Victoria (1837-Victoria (1837-1901)1901)

Britain’s power was depend Britain’s power was depend on:on:

it had enough coal, iron and steel for its own enormous industry and could even export them in large quantities to Europe;

strong banking system; railway system.

The foreign policy of UK:The foreign policy of UK:

a"balance of power" which would prevent any single nation from becoming too strong;

a free market in which its own industrial and trade superiority would give Britain a clear advantage.

Britain’s wars:Britain’s wars: The war with Napoleon;The war with Napoleon; The “Opium Wars” (1839);The “Opium Wars” (1839); The War in Afghanistan (1839 -1842); The Crimean war; "Indian Mutiny" (1857); The invasion of Egypt (1882); The invasion of Sudan (1884); The South African war (1899 – 1902).

Trade unions:Trade unions:

Since 1824 workers had been allowed to join together in unions.

“Tolpuddle Martyrs”; The “Chartists” (People's Charter in 1838); “Co-operative Movement” was started in 1844

a by a few Chartists and trade unionists.

Polit iciansPolit icians

Robert Peel He was a

British Conservative statesman who served as Prime Minister of the UK (1834-1835, 1841-1846). While Home Secretary, Peel helped create the modern concept of the police force, leading to officers being known as "bobbies" (in England) and "Peelers" (in Northern Ireland). As Prime Minister Peel issued the Tamworth Manifesto (1834) during his brief first stint in office, leading to the formation of the Conservative Party out of the shattered Tory Party; in his second stint he repealed the Corn Laws.

Lord Canning Charles John

Canning, (1812–1862), known as The Viscount Canning from 1837 to 1859, was an English statesman and Governor-General of India during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

Henry Palmerston He was a British statesman who

served twice as Prime Minister in the mid-19th century. Popularly nicknamed "The Mongoose", he was in government office almost continuously from 1807 until his death in 1865, beginning his parliamentary career as a Tory and concluding it as a Liberal.

He is best remembered for his direction of British foreign policy through a period when Britain was at the height of its power, serving terms as both Foreign Secretary and Prime Minister. Some of his aggressive actions, now sometimes termed liberal interventionist, were greatly controversial at the time, and remain so today.

Will iam Ewart Gladstone He was a

British Liberal statesman. In a career lasting over 60 years, he served as Prime Minister 4 separate times, more than any other person. Gladstone was also Britain's oldest Prime Minister. He had also served as Chancellor of the Exchequer 4 times. Gladstone is famous for his oratory, for his rivalry with the Conservative Leader Benjamin Disraeli and his poor relations with Queen Victoria.

ThinkersThinkers

William Booth. He started a new religious movement, the Salvation Army, to "make war" on poverty. His book “In Darkest England and rhe Way Out”.

Charles Darwin. “The Origin of Species” (1857)

"Arts and Crafts Movement", whose members turned away from the new

middle-class values, and looked to pre-industrial handcraft and to nature for

inspiration.

““ArtichokeArtichoke” ” MorrisMorris andand JJ..HH. . DearleDearle

William Morris design for Trellis wallpaper (1862)

Why did Britain lose the advantages at the end of 19 th century it had over other countries at the

t ime of the Great Exhibit ion of 1851?

Other countries, Germany particularly, had greater natural wealth , including coal and iron, and wheat producing lands;

Most British people invested their money abroad rather than in building up home industry;

Public schools, the private system of education for the richer middle class, did not encourage business or scientific studies.

The end.The end.