togaf version 9 - haaga-helia...

TOGAF Version 9

The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF)

The Open Group

Evaluation Copy

2009 The Open Group, All Rights ReservedEvaluation Copy. Not for redistribution

Copyr ight 2009, The Open Group

All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any for m orby any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permissionof the copyr ight owners.

TOGAF Version 9

The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF)

ISBN: 978-90-8753-230-7Document Number: G091

Published by The Open Group, 2009.

Any comments relating to the material contained in this document may be submitted by email to:

[email protected]

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Contents

Part I Introduction ............................................................................... 1

Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................................. 31.1 Structure of the TOGAF Document ................................................ 31.2 Executive Overview ........................................................................ 5

Chapter 2 Core Concepts ............................................................................ 92.1 What is TOGAF? ............................................................................ 92.2 What is Architecture in the Context of TOGAF? ............................. 92.3 What Kind of Architecture Does TOGAF Deal With?...................... 102.4 Architecture Development Method ................................................. 102.5 Deliverables, Artifacts, and Building Blocks .................................... 112.6 Enterpr ise Continuum ..................................................................... 132.7 Architecture Repositor y .................................................................. 142.8 Establishing and Maintaining an Enterpr ise

Architecture Capability.................................................................... 162.9 Establishing the Architecture Capability as an

Operational Entity ........................................................................... 172.10 Using TOGAF with Other Frameworks ........................................... 182.11 TOGAF Document Categorization Model ....................................... 18

Chapter 3 Definitions .................................................................................... 23

Chapter 4 Release Notes ............................................................................. 414.1 Whats New in TOGAF 9?............................................................... 414.2 The Benefits of TOGAF 9 ............................................................... 434.3 Mapping of the TOGAF 8.1.1 Structure to TOGAF 9...................... 444.4 Mapping of TOGAF 9 Structure to TOGAF 8.1.1............................ 454.5 Using TOGAF ................................................................................. 474.5.1 Conditions of Use ........................................................................ 474.5.2 How Much Does TOGAF Cost?................................................... 474.5.3 Downloads ................................................................................... 474.6 Why Join The Open Group?........................................................... 48

Part II Arc hitecture Development Method (ADM)................ 49

Chapter 5 Introduction ................................................................................. 515.1 ADM Over view................................................................................ 515.1.1 The ADM, Enterpr ise Continuum, and Architecture

Repositor y ................................................................................... 515.1.2 The ADM and the Foundation Architecture ................................. 52

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5.1.3 ADM and Supporting Guidelines and Techniques ....................... 525.2 Architecture Development Cycle .................................................... 535.2.1 Key Points .................................................................................... 535.2.2 Basic Str ucture ............................................................................ 535.3 Adapting the ADM .......................................................................... 565.4 Architecture Governance ................................................................ 575.5 Scoping the Architecture ................................................................ 585.5.1 Enterpr ise Scope/Focus .............................................................. 605.5.2 Architecture Domains .................................................................. 615.5.3 Ver tical Scope/Level of Detail ...................................................... 615.5.4 Time Period ................................................................................. 625.6 Architecture Integration .................................................................. 635.7 Summary ........................................................................................ 65

Chapter 6 Preliminar y Phase ..................................................................... 676.1 Objectives ....................................................................................... 686.2 Approach ........................................................................................ 686.2.1 Enterpr ise .................................................................................... 696.2.2 Organizational Context ................................................................ 706.2.3 Requirements for Architecture Wor k............................................ 716.2.4 Principles ..................................................................................... 716.2.5 Management Fr ameworks ........................................................... 716.2.6 Relating the Management Frameworks....................................... 736.2.7 Planning for Enter prise Architecture/Business

Change Maturity Evaluation ........................................................ 746.3 Inputs.............................................................................................. 756.3.1 Reference Materials External to the Enterpr ise........................... 756.3.2 Non-Architectural Inputs .............................................................. 756.3.3 Architectural Inputs...................................................................... 756.4 Steps .............................................................................................. 766.4.1 Scope the Enterpr ise Organizations Impacted............................ 766.4.2 Confirm Gover nance and Support Frameworks .......................... 776.4.3 Define and Establish Enterpr ise Architecture Team

and Organization ......................................................................... 776.4.4 Identify and Establish Architecture Principles .............................. 786.4.5 Select and Tailor Architecture Framework(s) ............................... 786.4.6 Implement Architecture Tools ...................................................... 786.5 Outputs ........................................................................................... 79

Chapter 7 Phase A: Architecture Vision ............................................... 817.1 Objectives ....................................................................................... 827.2 Approach ........................................................................................ 827.2.1 General ........................................................................................ 827.2.2 Creating the Architecture Vision .................................................. 837.2.3 Business Scenar ios ..................................................................... 847.3 Inputs.............................................................................................. 847.3.1 Reference Materials External to the Enterpr ise........................... 847.3.2 Non-Architectural Inputs .............................................................. 847.3.3 Architectural Inputs...................................................................... 847.4 Steps .............................................................................................. 85

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7.4.1 Establish the Architecture Project................................................ 867.4.2 Identify Stakeholders, Concer ns, and Business

Requirements .............................................................................. 867.4.3 Confirm and Elaborate Business Goals, Business

Dr ivers, and Constraints .............................................................. 877.4.4 Evaluate Business Capabilities ................................................... 877.4.5 Assess Readiness for Business Transfor mation.......................... 877.4.6 Define Scope ............................................................................... 887.4.7 Confirm and Elaborate Architecture Principles,

including Business Principles ...................................................... 887.4.8 Develop Architecture Vision......................................................... 887.4.9 Define the Target Architecture Value Propositions

and KPIs ...................................................................................... 897.4.10 Identify the Business Transfor mation Risks and

Mitigation Activities ...................................................................... 897.4.11 Develop Enterpr ise Architecture Plans and

Statement of Architecture Wor k; Secure Approval ...................... 897.5 Outputs ........................................................................................... 90

Chapter 8 Phase B: Business Architecture ......................................... 938.1 Objectives ....................................................................................... 948.2 Approach ........................................................................................ 948.2.1 General ........................................................................................ 948.2.2 Developing the Baseline Description ........................................... 958.2.3 Business Modeling ...................................................................... 958.2.4 Architecture Repositor y ............................................................... 978.3 Inputs.............................................................................................. 988.3.1 Reference Materials External to the Enterpr ise........................... 988.3.2 Non-Architectural Inputs .............................................................. 988.3.3 Architectural Inputs...................................................................... 988.4 Steps .............................................................................................. 1008.4.1 Select Reference Models, Viewpoints, and Tools ........................ 1008.4.2 Develop Baseline Business Architecture

Descr iption................................................................................... 1038.4.3 Develop Target Business Architecture Description ...................... 1048.4.4 Perfor m Gap Analysis.................................................................. 1048.4.5 Define Roadmap Components .................................................... 1048.4.6 Resolve Impacts Across the Architecture Landscape ................. 1058.4.7 Conduct Formal Stakeholder Review .......................................... 1058.4.8 Finalize the Business Architecture .............................................. 1058.4.9 Create Architecture Definition Document .................................... 1068.5 Outputs ........................................................................................... 106

Chapter 9 Phase C: Information Systems Architectures ............... 1099.1 Objectives ....................................................................................... 1109.2 Approach ........................................................................................ 1109.2.1 Development ................................................................................ 1109.2.2 Implementation ............................................................................ 1109.3 Inputs.............................................................................................. 1119.3.1 Reference Materials External to the Enterpr ise........................... 111

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9.3.2 Non-Architectural Inputs .............................................................. 1119.3.3 Architectural Inputs...................................................................... 1119.4 Steps .............................................................................................. 1129.5 Outputs ........................................................................................... 112

Chapter 10 Phase C: Information Systems Architectures Data Architecture....................................................................... 115

10.1 Objectives ....................................................................................... 11510.2 Approach ........................................................................................ 11510.2.1 Key Considerations for Data Architecture.................................... 11510.2.2 Architecture Repositor y ............................................................... 11610.3 Inputs.............................................................................................. 11710.3.1 Reference Materials External to the Enterpr ise........................... 11710.3.2 Non-Architectural Inputs .............................................................. 11710.3.3 Architectural Inputs...................................................................... 11710.4 Steps .............................................................................................. 11810.4.1 Select Reference Models, Viewpoints, and Tools ........................ 11910.4.2 Develop Baseline Data Architecture Description ......................... 12210.4.3 Develop Target Data Architecture Description ............................. 12210.4.4 Perfor m Gap Analysis.................................................................. 12210.4.5 Define Roadmap Components .................................................... 12310.4.6 Resolve Impacts Across the Architecture Landscape ................. 12310.4.7 Conduct Formal Stakeholder Review .......................................... 12310.4.8 Finalize the Data Architecture ..................................................... 12410.4.9 Create Architecture Definition Document .................................... 12410.5 Outputs ........................................................................................... 125

Chapter 11 Phase C: Information Systems Architectures Application Architecture......................................................... 127

11.1 Objectives ....................................................................................... 12711.2 Approach ........................................................................................ 12711.2.1 Architecture Repositor y ............................................................... 12711.3 Inputs.............................................................................................. 12811.3.1 Reference Materials External to the Enterpr ise........................... 12811.3.2 Non-Architectural Inputs .............................................................. 12811.3.3 Architectural Inputs...................................................................... 12811.4 Steps .............................................................................................. 12911.4.1 Select Reference Models, Viewpoints, and Tools ........................ 13011.4.2 Develop Baseline Application Architecture

Descr iption................................................................................... 13311.4.3 Develop Target Application Architecture

Descr iption................................................................................... 13411.4.4 Perfor m Gap Analysis.................................................................. 13411.4.5 Define Roadmap Components .................................................... 13411.4.6 Resolve Impacts Across the Architecture Landscape ................. 13511.4.7 Conduct Formal Stakeholder Review .......................................... 13511.4.8 Finalize the Application Architecture ........................................... 13511.4.9 Create Architecture Definition Document .................................... 13611.5 Outputs ........................................................................................... 136

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Chapter 12 Phase D: Technology Architecture .................................... 13712.1 Objectives ....................................................................................... 13812.2 Approach ........................................................................................ 13812.2.1 Architecture Repositor y ............................................................... 13812.3 Inputs.............................................................................................. 13912.3.1 Reference Materials External to the Enterpr ise........................... 13912.3.2 Non-Architectural Inputs .............................................................. 13912.3.3 Architectural Inputs...................................................................... 13912.4 Steps .............................................................................................. 14012.4.1 Select Reference Models, Viewpoints, and Tools ........................ 14112.4.2 Develop Baseline Technology Architecture

Descr iption................................................................................... 14512.4.3 Develop Target Technology Architecture

Descr iption................................................................................... 14512.4.4 Perfor m Gap Analysis.................................................................. 14612.4.5 Define Roadmap Components .................................................... 14612.4.6 Resolve Impacts Across the Architecture Landscape ................. 14612.4.7 Conduct Formal Stakeholder Review .......................................... 14712.4.8 Finalize the Technology Architecture........................................... 14712.4.9 Create Architecture Definition Document .................................... 14712.5 Outputs ........................................................................................... 14812.6 Postscr ipt ........................................................................................ 148

Chapter 13 Phase E: Opportunities & Solutions.................................. 14913.1 Objectives ....................................................................................... 15013.2 Approach ........................................................................................ 15013.3 Inputs.............................................................................................. 15213.3.1 Reference Materials External to the Enterpr ise........................... 15213.3.2 Non-Architectural Inputs .............................................................. 15213.3.3 Architectural Inputs...................................................................... 15213.4 Steps .............................................................................................. 15313.4.1 Determine/Confir m Ke y Cor porate Change Attributes ................ 15413.4.2 Determine Business Constraints for Implementation .................. 15513.4.3 Review and Consolidate Gap Analysis Results from

Phases B to D.............................................................................. 15613.4.4 Review IT Requirements from a Functional

Perspective .................................................................................. 15713.4.5 Consolidate and Reconcile Interoperability

Requirements .............................................................................. 15813.4.6 Refine and Validate Dependencies ............................................. 15813.4.7 Confirm Readiness and Risk for Business

Tr ansfor mation............................................................................. 16013.4.8 For mulate High-Level Implementation and Migration

Strategy ....................................................................................... 16113.4.9 Identify and Group Major Wor k Packages ................................... 16213.4.10 Identify Tr ansition Architectures................................................... 16413.4.11 Create Portfolio and Project Charters and Update

the Architectures.......................................................................... 16513.5 Outputs ........................................................................................... 166

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Chapter 14 Phase F: Migration Planning................................................. 16714.1 Objectives ....................................................................................... 16814.2 Approach ........................................................................................ 16814.3 Inputs.............................................................................................. 16914.3.1 Reference Materials External to the Enterpr ise........................... 16914.3.2 Non-Architectural Inputs .............................................................. 16914.3.3 Architectural Inputs...................................................................... 16914.4 Steps .............................................................................................. 17114.4.1 Confirm Management Framework Interactions for

Implementation and Migration Plan ............................................. 17114.4.2 Assign a Business Value to Each Project.................................... 17414.4.3 Estimate Resource Requirements, Project Timings,

and Availability/Deliver y Vehicles ................................................ 17614.4.4 Prior itize the Migration Projects through the

Conduct of a Cost/Benefit Assessment and RiskValidation ..................................................................................... 177

14.4.5 Confirm Transition Architecture Increments/Phasesand Update Architecture Definition Document ............................ 179

14.4.6 Generate the Architecture Implementation Roadmap(Time-Lined) and Migration Plan ................................................. 180

14.4.7 Establish the Architecture Evolution Cycle andDocument Lessons Learned ....................................................... 182

14.5 Outputs ........................................................................................... 183

Chapter 15 Phase G: Implementation Governance............................. 18515.1 Objectives ....................................................................................... 18615.2 Approach ........................................................................................ 18615.3 Inputs.............................................................................................. 18715.3.1 Reference Materials External to the Enterpr ise........................... 18715.3.2 Non-Architectural Inputs .............................................................. 18715.3.3 Architectural Inputs...................................................................... 18715.4 Steps .............................................................................................. 18815.4.1 Confirm Scope and Prior ities for Deployment with

Development Management.......................................................... 18915.4.2 Identify Deployment Resources and Skills .................................. 18915.4.3 Guide Development of Solutions Deployment ............................. 18915.4.4 Perfor m Enter prise Architecture Compliance

Reviews ....................................................................................... 19015.4.5 Implement Business and IT Operations ...................................... 19015.4.6 Perfor m Post-Implementation Review and Close the

Implementation ............................................................................ 19015.5 Outputs ........................................................................................... 191

Chapter 16 Phase H: Architecture Change Management ................. 19316.1 Objectives ....................................................................................... 19416.2 Approach ........................................................................................ 19416.2.1 Drivers for Change....................................................................... 19516.2.2 Enterpr ise Architecture Change Management Process .............. 19616.2.3 Guidelines for Maintenance versus Architecture

Redesign ..................................................................................... 197

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16.3 Inputs.............................................................................................. 19816.3.1 Reference Materials External to the Enterpr ise........................... 19816.3.2 Non-Architectural Inputs .............................................................. 19816.3.3 Architectural Inputs...................................................................... 19816.4 Steps .............................................................................................. 20016.4.1 Establish Value Realization Process ........................................... 20016.4.2 Deploy Monitor ing Tools .............................................................. 20016.4.3 Manage Risks .............................................................................. 20116.4.4 Provide Analysis for Architecture Change

Management ................................................................................ 20116.4.5 Develop Change Requirements to Meet Perfor mance

Targets ......................................................................................... 20116.4.6 Manage Governance Process ..................................................... 20116.4.7 Activate the Process to Implement Change ................................ 20116.5 Outputs ........................................................................................... 202

Chapter 17 ADM Architecture Requirements Management............. 20317.1 Objectives ....................................................................................... 20417.2 Approach ........................................................................................ 20417.2.1 General ........................................................................................ 20417.2.2 Resources ................................................................................... 20417.3 Inputs.............................................................................................. 20517.4 Steps .............................................................................................. 20617.5 Outputs ........................................................................................... 209

Part III ADM Guidelines and Techniques .................................. 211

Chapter 18 Introduction ................................................................................. 21318.1 Guidelines for Adapting the ADM Process ..................................... 21318.2 Techniques for Architecture Development ...................................... 213

Chapter 19 Applying Iteration to the ADM .............................................. 21519.1 Over view......................................................................................... 21519.2 Iteration Cycles............................................................................... 21619.3 Two Styles of Architecture Definition .............................................. 21719.4 Mapping TOGAF Phases to Iteration Cycles.................................. 218

Chapter 20 Applying the ADM at Different Enterprise Levels ........ 22320.1 Over view......................................................................................... 22320.2 Classes of Architecture Engagement ............................................. 22420.3 Developing Architectures at Different Levels .................................. 22720.4 ADM Cycle Approaches ................................................................. 22720.4.1 Using Iterations within a Single ADM Cycle ................................ 22720.4.2 Using a Hierarchy of ADM Processes ......................................... 229

Chapter 21 Security Architecture and the ADM ................................... 23121.1 Over view......................................................................................... 23121.2 Introduction..................................................................................... 23121.3 Guidance on Security for the Architecture Domains....................... 232

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21.4 ADM Architecture Requirements Management .............................. 23321.5 Preliminary Phase .......................................................................... 23421.5.1 Security Inputs............................................................................. 23521.5.2 Security Outputs .......................................................................... 23521.6 Phase A: Architecture Vision .......................................................... 23521.6.1 Security Inputs............................................................................. 23721.6.2 Security Outputs .......................................................................... 23721.7 Phase B: Business Architecture ..................................................... 23721.7.1 Security Inputs............................................................................. 23921.7.2 Security Outputs .......................................................................... 24021.8 Phase C: Infor mation Systems Architectures ................................. 24021.8.1 Security Inputs............................................................................. 24221.8.2 Security Outputs .......................................................................... 24321.9 Phase D: Technology Architecture ................................................. 24321.9.1 Security Inputs............................................................................. 24421.9.2 Security Outputs .......................................................................... 24521.10 Phase E: Opportunities & Solutions ............................................... 24521.11 Phase F: Migration Planning .......................................................... 24621.12 Phase G: Implementation Governance .......................................... 24621.13 Phase H: Architecture Change Management ................................. 24721.14 References ..................................................................................... 248

Chapter 22 Using TOGAF to Define & Govern SOAs ......................... 24922.1 Over view......................................................................................... 24922.2 Introduction..................................................................................... 24922.3 Business-Led SOA Community ...................................................... 25022.4 Business- & Dev eloper-Led SOA Communities .............................. 25022.5 Complexities Arising from SOA ...................................................... 25222.6 How Enter prise Architecture Supports SOA................................... 25322.7 SOA and TOGAF ............................................................................ 25422.8 Guidelines for Ser vice Contract Definition...................................... 25822.8.1 Service Qualities and TOGAF ..................................................... 25822.8.2 Purpose of a Service Contract .................................................... 25822.8.3 Service Governance Considerations ........................................... 25922.9 Content and Structure of a Service Contract .................................. 26122.10 Service Contract Template ............................................................. 262

Chapter 23 Architecture Principles ........................................................... 26523.1 Introduction..................................................................................... 26523.2 Character istics of Architecture Principles ....................................... 26623.3 Components of Architecture Principles .......................................... 26623.4 Developing Architecture Principles ................................................. 26723.4.1 Qualities of Principles .................................................................. 26723.5 Applying Architecture Principles ..................................................... 26823.6 Example Set of Architecture Principles .......................................... 26923.6.1 Business Pr inciples ..................................................................... 26923.6.2 Data Pr inciples ............................................................................ 27323.6.3 Application Pr inciples .................................................................. 27823.6.4 Technology Principles .................................................................. 279

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Chapter 24 Stakeholder Management ...................................................... 28124.1 Introduction..................................................................................... 28124.2 Approach to Stakeholder Management .......................................... 28224.3 Steps in the Stakeholder Management Process ............................ 28224.3.1 Identify Stakeholders ................................................................... 28224.3.2 Classify Stakeholder Positions .................................................... 28424.3.3 Determine Stakeholder Management Approach ......................... 28524.3.4 Tailor Engagement Deliverables .................................................. 28624.4 Template Stakeholder Map............................................................. 286

Chapter 25 Architecture Patterns ............................................................... 29325.1 Introduction..................................................................................... 29325.1.1 Background ................................................................................. 29325.1.2 Content of a Patter n .................................................................... 29425.1.3 Ter minology ................................................................................. 29525.1.4 Architecture Patter ns in Use........................................................ 29625.2 US Treasur y Architecture Development Guidance (TADG) ............ 29725.2.1 TADG Patter n Content ................................................................. 29725.2.2 TADG Architecture Patter ns ........................................................ 29825.3 IBM Patter ns for e-Business ........................................................... 29825.4 Some Patter n Resources ............................................................... 300

Chapter 26 Business Scenarios.................................................................. 30126.1 Introduction..................................................................................... 30126.2 Benefits of Business Scenarios ...................................................... 30226.3 Creating the Business Scenario ..................................................... 30226.3.1 Overall Process ........................................................................... 30226.3.2 Gathering ..................................................................................... 30426.3.3 Analyzing ..................................................................................... 30526.3.4 Reviewing .................................................................................... 30526.4 Contents of a Business Scenario ................................................... 30626.5 Contributions to the Business Scenario .......................................... 30826.6 Business Scenar ios and the TOGAF ADM..................................... 30826.7 Guidelines on Developing Business Scenarios .............................. 31026.7.1 General Guidelines...................................................................... 31026.7.2 Questions to Ask for Each Area .................................................. 31026.8 Guidelines on Business Scenario Documentation.......................... 31226.8.1 Textual Documentation ................................................................ 31226.8.2 Business Scenar io Models .......................................................... 31326.9 Guidelines on Goals and Objectives .............................................. 31326.9.1 Importance of Goals .................................................................... 31326.9.2 Importance of SMART Objectives ............................................... 31326.9.3 Categories of Goals and Objectives ............................................ 31526.10 Summary ........................................................................................ 319

Chapter 27 Gap Analysis ............................................................................... 32127.1 Introduction..................................................................................... 32127.2 Suggested Steps ............................................................................ 32227.3 Example.......................................................................................... 322

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Chapter 28 Migration Planning Techniques ........................................... 32528.1 Implementation Factor Assessment and Deduction

Matr ix.............................................................................................. 32528.2 Consolidated Gaps, Solutions, and Dependencies

Matr ix.............................................................................................. 32628.3 Architecture Definition Increments Table ........................................ 32628.4 Enterpr ise Architecture State Evolution Table ................................ 32728.5 Business Value Assessment Technique ......................................... 328

Chapter 29 Interoperability Requirements ............................................. 32929.1 Over view......................................................................................... 32929.2 Defining Interoperability .................................................................. 33029.3 Enterpr ise Operating Model ........................................................... 33129.4 Refining Interoperability .................................................................. 33229.5 Determining Interoperability Requirements .................................... 33329.6 Reconciling Interoperability Requirements with

Potential Solutions .......................................................................... 33429.7 Summary ........................................................................................ 335

Chapter 30 Business Transformation Readiness Assessment...... 33730.1 Introduction..................................................................................... 33730.1.1 Business Tr ansfor mation Enablement Program (BTEP) .............. 33830.2 Determine Readiness Factors ........................................................ 33830.3 Present Readiness Factors ............................................................ 34030.4 Assess Readiness Factors ............................................................. 34130.4.1 Readiness Factor Vision.............................................................. 34230.4.2 Readiness Factor Rating ............................................................. 34230.4.3 Readiness Factor Risks & Actions............................................... 34330.5 Readiness and Migration Planning................................................. 34430.6 Marketing the Implementation Plan ................................................ 34430.7 Conclusion...................................................................................... 345

Chapter 31 Risk Management ...................................................................... 34731.1 Introduction..................................................................................... 34731.2 Risk Classification .......................................................................... 34831.3 Risk Identification ........................................................................... 34831.4 Initial Risk Assessment................................................................... 34931.5 Risk Mitigation and Residual Risk Assessment.............................. 35031.6 Conduct Residual Risk Assessment............................................... 35031.7 Risk Monitor ing and Governance (Phase G).................................. 35131.8 Summary ........................................................................................ 351

Chapter 32 Capability-Based Planning .................................................... 35332.1 Over view......................................................................................... 35332.2 Capability-Based Planning Paradigm ............................................. 35432.3 Concept of Capability-Based Planning ........................................... 35432.3.1 Capability Dimensions ................................................................. 35532.3.2 Capability Increments .................................................................. 35632.4 Capabilities in an Enterpr ise Architecture Context ......................... 35732.5 Summary ........................................................................................ 358

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Part IV Arc hitecture Content Framework .................................. 359

Chapter 33 Introduction ................................................................................. 361

Chapter 34 Content Metamodel................................................................... 36734.1 Over view......................................................................................... 36734.2 Content Metamodel Vision and Concepts ...................................... 36734.2.1 Core Content Metamodel Concepts ............................................ 36734.2.2 Over view of the Content Metamodel ........................................... 37334.3 Content Metamodel in Detail .......................................................... 37534.3.1 Core Content Metamodel ............................................................ 37634.3.2 Core Architecture Artifacts ........................................................... 37634.3.3 Full Content Metamodel .............................................................. 37734.4 Content Metamodel Extensions...................................................... 38034.4.1 Governance Extensions .............................................................. 38134.4.2 Services Extensions .................................................................... 38334.4.3 Process Modeling Extensions ..................................................... 38534.4.4 Data Extensions .......................................................................... 38734.4.5 Infrastr ucture Consolidation Extensions ...................................... 38934.4.6 Motivation Extensions.................................................................. 39134.5 Content Metamodel Objects ........................................................... 39334.6 Content Metamodel Attributes ........................................................ 39634.7 Metamodel Relationships ............................................................... 406

Chapter 35 Architectural Artifacts ............................................................. 41135.1 Basic Concepts ............................................................................... 41135.1.1 Simple Example of a Viewpoint and View ................................... 41335.2 Developing Views in the ADM ........................................................ 41435.2.1 General Guidelines...................................................................... 41435.2.2 View Creation Process ................................................................ 41535.3 Views, Tools, and Languages ......................................................... 41635.3.1 Over view...................................................................................... 41635.4 Views and Viewpoints ..................................................................... 41635.4.1 Example of Views and Viewpoints ............................................... 41635.4.2 Views and Viewpoints in Enterpr ise Architecture ........................ 41735.4.3 Need for a Common Language and Interoperable

Tools for Architecture Description ................................................ 41835.5 Conclusions .................................................................................... 41835.6 Taxonomy of Architecture Viewpoints ............................................. 41935.7 Viewpoints in the Preliminary Phase .............................................. 42035.8 Viewpoints in Phase A.................................................................... 42135.9 Viewpoints in Phase B.................................................................... 42235.10 Viewpoints in the Phase C Data Architecture................................. 42835.11 Viewpoints in the Phase C Application Architecture....................... 43135.12 Viewpoints in Phase D.................................................................... 43735.13 Viewpoints in Phase E.................................................................... 44135.14 Viewpoints for Requirements Management.................................... 44235.15 Developing a Business Architecture View ...................................... 44335.15.1 Stakeholders and Concerns ........................................................ 44335.15.2 Developing the View .................................................................... 443

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35.15.3 Key Issues ................................................................................... 44435.16 Developing an Enterpr ise Secur ity View ........................................ 44535.16.1 Stakeholders and Concerns ........................................................ 44535.16.2 Developing the View .................................................................... 44535.16.3 Basic Concepts ............................................................................ 44535.16.4 Security Generic Architecture View............................................. 44635.16.5 Security Services Allocation ........................................................ 44735.17 Developing a Software Engineering View....................................... 44935.17.1 Stakeholders and Concerns ........................................................ 44935.17.2 Key Issues ................................................................................... 45035.17.3 Conclusion................................................................................... 45835.18 Developing a System Engineering View......................................... 45935.18.1 Stakeholders and Concerns ........................................................ 45935.18.2 Key Issues ................................................................................... 45935.19 Developing a Communications Engineering View .......................... 46535.19.1 Stakeholders and Concerns ........................................................ 46535.19.2 Key Issues ................................................................................... 46535.20 Developing a Data Flow View......................................................... 47035.20.1 Stakeholders and Concerns ........................................................ 47035.20.2 Developing the View .................................................................... 47035.20.3 Key Issues ................................................................................... 47035.21 Developing an Enterpr ise Manageability View ............................... 47535.21.1 Stakeholders and Concerns ........................................................ 47535.21.2 Developing the View .................................................................... 47635.21.3 Key Issues ................................................................................... 47635.22 Developing an Acquirer View.......................................................... 47835.22.1 Stakeholders and Concerns ........................................................ 47835.22.2 Developing the View .................................................................... 47835.22.3 Key Issues ................................................................................... 478

Chapter 36 Architecture Deliverables....................................................... 48136.1 Introduction..................................................................................... 48136.2 Deliverable Descriptions ................................................................. 48236.2.1 Architecture Building Blocks ........................................................ 48336.2.2 Architecture Contract ................................................................... 48336.2.3 Architecture Definition Document ................................................ 48436.2.4 Architecture Pr inciples................................................................. 48536.2.5 Architecture Repositor y ............................................................... 48536.2.6 Architecture Requirements Specification..................................... 48636.2.7 Architecture Roadmap ................................................................. 48736.2.8 Architecture Vision ....................................................................... 48736.2.9 Business Pr inciples, Business Goals, and Business

Dr ivers ......................................................................................... 48836.2.10 Capability Assessment ................................................................ 48836.2.11 Change Request .......................................................................... 49036.2.12 Communications Plan.................................................................. 49036.2.13 Compliance Assessment ............................................................. 49136.2.14 Implementation and Migration Plan ............................................. 49236.2.15 Implementation Governance Model............................................. 49336.2.16 Organizational Model for Enterpr ise Architecture ........................ 493

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36.2.17 Request for Architecture Wor k..................................................... 49436.2.18 Requirements Impact Assessment.............................................. 49436.2.19 Solution Building Blocks .............................................................. 49536.2.20 Statement of Architecture Wor k................................................... 49536.2.21 Tailored Architecture Framework ................................................. 49636.2.22 Transition Architecture ................................................................. 497

Chapter 37 Building Blocks .......................................................................... 49937.1 Over view......................................................................................... 49937.2 Introduction to Building Blocks ....................................................... 49937.2.1 Over view...................................................................................... 49937.2.2 Generic Character istics ............................................................... 50037.2.3 Architecture Building Blocks ........................................................ 50137.2.4 Solution Building Blocks .............................................................. 50137.3 Building Blocks and the ADM ......................................................... 50237.3.1 Basic Pr inciples ........................................................................... 50237.3.2 Building Block Specification Process in the ADM........................ 50337.4 Building Blocks Example ................................................................ 50437.4.1 Introduction.................................................................................. 50437.4.2 Structure ...................................................................................... 50437.4.3 Background to the Example ........................................................ 50537.4.4 Identifying Building Block Scope ................................................. 50537.4.5 Identifying Building Block Requirements and

Constraints .................................................................................. 50937.4.6 Architecture Modeling .................................................................. 51337.4.7 Opportunity Identification............................................................. 52337.4.8 Building Block Re-Use Level ....................................................... 523

Part V Enterprise Continuum and Tools .................................. 527

Chapter 38 Introduction ................................................................................. 52938.1 Introduction..................................................................................... 52938.2 Structure of Par t V .......................................................................... 529

Chapter 39 Enterprise Continuum ............................................................. 53139.1 Over view......................................................................................... 53139.2 Enterpr ise Continuum and Architecture Re-Use ............................ 53139.3 Constituents of the Enterpr ise Continuum ...................................... 53239.4 Enterpr ise Continuum in Detail....................................................... 53339.4.1 Architecture Continuum ............................................................... 53439.4.2 Solutions Continuum ................................................................... 53739.5 Relationship between the Enterpr ise Continuum and

TOGAF ADM .................................................................................. 53939.6 Enterpr ise Continuum and Your Organization ................................ 53939.6.1 Relationships ............................................................................... 54039.6.2 Your Enterpr ise ............................................................................ 541

Chapter 40 Architecture Par titioning ........................................................ 54340.1 Over view......................................................................................... 543

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40.2 Character istics of Solutions ............................................................ 54440.3 Character istics of Architectures...................................................... 54440.4 Applying Classification to Create Par titioned

Architectures ................................................................................... 54540.4.1 Par titioning the Architecture Landscape to

Understand the State of the Enterpr ise ....................................... 54740.4.2 Par titioning Reference Models to Encourage Good

Practice and Re-Use ................................................................... 55040.4.3 Enforce Corporate Policy though Compliance with

Standards .................................................................................... 55140.4.4 Activities within the Preliminary Phase ........................................ 55340.4.5 Activities within Phases A to F..................................................... 55540.4.6 Activities within Phases G and H................................................. 55740.4.7 Content Aggregation and Integration ........................................... 557

Chapter 41 Architecture Repository ......................................................... 55941.1 Over view......................................................................................... 55941.2 Architecture Landscape .................................................................. 56141.3 Reference Librar y ........................................................................... 56141.3.1 Over view...................................................................................... 56141.4 Standards Infor mation Base ........................................................... 56241.4.1 Over view...................................................................................... 56241.4.2 Types of Standard........................................................................ 56241.4.3 Standards Lifecycle ..................................................................... 56341.4.4 Standards Classification within the Standards

Infor mation Base ......................................................................... 56341.5 Governance Log ............................................................................. 56441.5.1 Over view...................................................................................... 56441.5.2 Contents of the Governance Log................................................. 564

Chapter 42 Tools for Architecture Development.................................. 56742.1 Over view......................................................................................... 56742.2 Issues in Tool Standardization........................................................ 56742.3 Evaluation Criter ia and Guidelines ................................................. 56842.3.1 Tool Criter ia ................................................................................. 56842.3.2 General Pointers .......................................................................... 571

Part VI TOGAF Reference Models ................................................. 573

Chapter 43 Foundation Architecture: Technical ReferenceModel .............................................................................................. 575

43.1 Concepts ........................................................................................ 57543.1.1 Role of the TRM in the Foundation Architecture ......................... 57543.1.2 TRM Components ....................................................................... 57543.1.3 Other TRMs ................................................................................. 57643.2 High-Level Breakdown .................................................................... 57643.2.1 Over view...................................................................................... 57643.2.2 Por tability and Interoperability ..................................................... 57743.3 TRM in Detail.................................................................................. 578

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43.3.1 Introduction.................................................................................. 57843.3.2 TRM Entities and Interfaces ........................................................ 57943.3.3 Application Software .................................................................... 57943.3.4 Application Platfor m..................................................................... 58143.3.5 Communications Infrastr ucture.................................................... 58243.3.6 Application Platfor m Interface ...................................................... 58343.3.7 Communications Infrastr ucture Interface ..................................... 58343.3.8 Qualities....................................................................................... 58343.4 Application Platfor m Taxonomy.................................................. 58443.4.1 Basic Pr inciples ........................................................................... 58443.4.2 Application Platfor m Ser vice Categor ies ..................................... 58443.4.3 Application Platfor m Ser vice Qualities ......................................... 58943.5 Detailed Platfor m Taxonomy........................................................... 59043.5.1 Data Interchange Services .......................................................... 59043.5.2 Data Management Services ........................................................ 59243.5.3 Graphics and Imaging Services ................................................... 59343.5.4 International Operation Services ................................................. 59343.5.5 Location and Directory Ser vices.................................................. 59443.5.6 Networ k Ser vices ........................................................................ 59543.5.7 Operating System Services ......................................................... 59743.5.8 Software Engineering Services ................................................... 59843.5.9 Transaction Processing Services ................................................. 59943.5.10 User Interface Services ............................................................... 59943.5.11 Security Services ......................................................................... 60043.5.12 System and Networ k Management Services .............................. 60243.5.13 Object-Oriented Provision of Services ........................................ 604

Chapter 44 Integrated Information Infrastructure ReferenceModel .............................................................................................. 607

44.1 Basic Concepts ............................................................................... 60744.1.1 Background ................................................................................. 60744.1.2 Components of the Model ........................................................... 60844.1.3 Relationship to Other parts of TOGAF ........................................ 60844.1.4 Key Business and Technical Drivers ............................................ 60844.1.5 Status of the III-RM...................................................................... 61044.2 High-Level View.............................................................................. 61144.2.1 Derivation of the III-RM from the TRM......................................... 61144.2.2 High-Level III-RM Graphic ........................................................... 61244.2.3 Components of the High-Level III-RM ......................................... 61344.3 Detailed Taxonomy ......................................................................... 61544.3.1 Detailed III-RM Graphic ............................................................... 61544.3.2 Business Applications .................................................................. 61544.3.3 Infrastr ucture Applications ........................................................... 62044.3.4 Application Platfor m..................................................................... 62144.3.5 Qualities....................................................................................... 625

Part VII Architecture Capability Framework ............................. 627

Chapter 45 Introduction ................................................................................. 629

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45.1 Over view......................................................................................... 62945.2 Structure of Par t VII ........................................................................ 630

Chapter 46 Establishing an Architecture Capability .......................... 63146.1 Over view......................................................................................... 63146.2 Phase A: Architecture Vision .......................................................... 63246.3 Phase B: Business Architecture ..................................................... 63346.4 Phase C: Infor mation Systems Architecture Data...................... 63446.5 Phase C: Infor mation Systems Architecture

Application ...................................................................................... 63446.6 Phase D: Technology Architecture ................................................. 63446.7 Phase E: Opportunities & Solutions ............................................... 63446.8 Phase F: Migration Planning .......................................................... 63446.9 Phase G: Implementation Governance .......................................... 63546.10 Phase H: Architecture Change Management ................................. 63546.11 Requirements Management ........................................................... 635

Chapter 47 Architecture Board.................................................................... 63747.1 Role ................................................................................................ 63747.2 Responsibilities............................................................................... 63847.3 Setting Up the Architecture Board .................................................. 63947.3.1 Triggers ........................................................................................ 63947.3.2 Size of the Board ......................................................................... 63947.3.3 Board Str ucture ........................................................................... 64047.4 Operation of the Architecture Board ............................................... 64047.4.1 General ........................................................................................ 64147.4.2 Preparation .................................................................................. 64147.4.3 Agenda ........................................................................................ 641

Chapter 48 Architecture Compliance........................................................ 64548.1 Introduction..................................................................................... 64548.2 Ter minology: The Meaning of Architecture Compliance ................. 64548.3 Architecture Compliance Reviews .................................................. 64748.3.1 Purpose ....................................................................................... 64748.3.2 Timing.......................................................................................... 64848.3.3 Governance and Personnel Scenarios ........................................ 64948.4 Architecture Compliance Review Process ...................................... 64948.4.1 Over view...................................................................................... 64948.4.2 Roles ........................................................................................... 65148.4.3 Steps ........................................................................................... 65248.5 Architecture Compliance Review Checklists .................................. 65348.5.1 Hardware and Operating System Checklist ................................. 65348.5.2 Software Services and Middleware Checklist .............................. 65448.5.3 Applications Checklists ................................................................ 65548.5.4 Infor mation Management Checklists ........................................... 65848.5.5 Security Checklist ........................................................................ 65948.5.6 System Management Checklist ................................................... 66048.5.7 System Engineer ing/Overall Architecture

Checklists .................................................................................... 66148.5.8 System Engineer ing/Methods & Tools Checklist ......................... 664

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48.6 Architecture Compliance Review Guidelines .................................. 66548.6.1 Tailor ing the Checklists ................................................................ 66548.6.2 Conducting Architecture Compliance Reviews ............................ 666

Chapter 49 Architecture Contracts ............................................................ 66749.1 Role ................................................................................................ 66749.2 Contents ......................................................................................... 66849.2.1 Statement of Architecture Wor k................................................... 66849.2.2 Contract between Architecture Design and

Development Par tners ................................................................. 66949.2.3 Contract between Architecting Function and

Business Users............................................................................ 66949.3 Relationship to Architecture Governance ....................................... 670

Chapter 50 Architecture Governance ....................................................... 67150.1 Introduction..................................................................................... 67150.1.1 Levels of Governance within the Enterpr ise ................................ 67150.1.2 Nature of Governance ................................................................. 67250.1.3 Technology Governance .............................................................. 67350.1.4 IT Governance ............................................................................. 67350.1.5 Architecture Governance: Over view............................................ 67450.2 Architecture Governance Framework ............................................. 67550.2.1 Architecture Governance Framework Conceptual

Str ucture ...................................................................................... 67550.2.2 Architecture Governance Framework

Organizational Structure .............................................................. 67850.3 Architecture Governance in Practice .............................................. 68050.3.1 Architecture Governance Key Success Factors ...................... 68050.3.2 Elements of an Effective Architecture Governance

Strategy ....................................................................................... 681

Chapter 51 Architecture Maturity Models ............................................... 68351.1 Over view......................................................................................... 68351.2 Background .................................................................................... 68451.3 US DoC ACMM Framework ............................................................ 68551.3.1 Over view...................................................................................... 68551.3.2 Elements of the ACMM ................................................................ 68551.3.3 Example: Enter prise Architecture Process Maturity

Levels .......................................................................................... 68651.4 Capability Matur ity Models Integration (CMMI) .............................. 68951.4.1 Introduction.................................................................................. 68951.4.2 SCAMPI Method .......................................................................... 68951.5 Conclusions .................................................................................... 690

Chapter 52 Architecture Skills Framework............................................. 69152.1 Introduction..................................................................................... 69152.2 Need for an Enter prise Architecture Skills Framework ................... 69152.2.1 Definitional Rigor ......................................................................... 69152.2.2 Basis of an Internal Architecture Practice .................................... 69252.3 Goals/Rationale .............................................................................. 693

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52.3.1 Certification of Enterpr ise Architects ........................................... 69352.3.2 Specific Benefits .......................................................................... 69352.4 Enterpr ise Architecture Role and Skill Categories ......................... 69452.4.1 Over view...................................................................................... 69452.4.2 TOGAF Roles .............................................................................. 69452.4.3 Categories of Skills...................................................................... 69552.4.4 Proficiency Levels ........................................................................ 69652.5 Enterpr ise Architecture Role and Skill Definitions .......................... 69652.5.1 Generic Skills............................................................................... 69652.5.2 Business Skills & Methods .......................................................... 69752.5.3 Enterpr ise Architecture Skills ...................................................... 69752.5.4 Program or Project Management Skills ....................................... 69852.5.5 IT General Knowledge Skills ....................................................... 69852.5.6 Technical IT Skills ........................................................................ 69952.5.7 Legal Environment ....................................................................... 69952.6 Generic Role and Skills of the Enterpr ise Architect ........................ 70052.6.1 Generic Role................................................................................ 70052.6.2 Character ization in Ter ms of the Enterpr ise

Continuum ................................................................................... 70252.6.3 Key Character istics of an Enterpr ise Architect ............................ 70252.7 Conclusions .................................................................................... 704

Part VIII Appendices ................................................................................ 705

Appendix A Glossar y of Supplementary Definitions ........................... 707

Appendix B Abbreviations .............................................................................. 723

Index ............................................................................................... 729

List of Figures

1-1 Structure of the TOGAF Document ................................................... 32-1 Relationships between Deliverables, Artifacts, and

Building Blocks .................................................................................. 122-2 Example Architecture Definition Document .................................. 122-3 Enterpr ise Continuum ........................................................................ 132-4 TOGAF Architecture Repository Str ucture ........................................ 142-5 TOGAF Architecture Capability Over view ......................................... 165-1 Architecture Development Cycle ....................................................... 535-2 Progressive Architecture Development .............................................. 595-3 Integration of Architecture Artifacts ................................................... 636-1 Preliminary Phase ............................................................................. 676-2 Management Fr ameworks to Co-ordinate with TOGAF ..................... 726-3 Interoperability and Relationships between Management

Fr ameworks ....................................................................................... 737-1 Phase A: Architecture Vision ............................................................. 818-1 Phase B: Business Architecture ........................................................ 938-2 UML Business Class Diagram........................................................... 96

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9-1 Phase C: Infor mation Systems Architectures .................................... 10912-1 Phase D: Technology Architecture .................................................... 13713-1 Phase E: Opportunities & Solutions .................................................. 14914-1 Phase F: Migration Planning ............................................................. 16715-1 Phase G: Implementation Governance ............................................. 18516-1 Phase H: Architecture Change Management .................................... 19317-1 ADM Architecture Requirements Management ................................. 20319-1 Iteration Cycles.................................................................................. 21619-2 Activity by Iteration for Baseline First Architecture

Definition ............................................................................................ 21819-3 Activity by Iteration for Target First Architecture

Definition ............................................................................................ 21820-1 Summary Classification Model for Architecture

Landscapes ....................................................................................... 22320-2 Classes of Enterpr ise Architecture Engagement............................... 22420-3 Iterations within a Single ADM Cycle Example.................................. 22720-4 A Hierarchy of ADM Processes Example .......................................... 22922-1 Business-Led versus Developer-Led SOA Communities .................. 25022-2 TOGAF Concepts Mapped to SOA Ter minology ............................... 25424-1 Categories of Stakeholder ................................................................. 28324-2 Stakeholder Pow er Grid..................................................................... 28526-1 Creating a Business Scenario ........................................................... 30326-2 Phases of Developing Business Scenarios ....................................... 30326-3 Relative Contr ibutions to a Business Scenario .................................. 30826-4 Relevance of Requirements Throughout the ADM............................ 30827-1 Gap Analysis Example ...................................................................... 32228-1 Implementation Factor Assessment and Deduction Matrix ............... 32528-2 Consolidated Gaps, Solutions, and Dependencies Matrix ................ 32628-3 Architecture Definition Increments Table ........................................... 32628-4 Enterpr ise Architecture State Evolution Table ................................... 32728-5 Sample Project Assessment with Respect to Business

Value and Risk................................................................................... 32829-1 Business Infor mation Interoperability Matrix ...................................... 33329-2 Infor mation Systems Interoperability Matrix ...................................... 33430-1 Business Tr ansfor mation Readiness Assessment

Matur ity Model ................................................................................... 34030-2 Summary Table of Business Transfor mation Readiness

Assessment ....................................................................................... 34231-1 Risk Classification Scheme ............................................................... 34931-2 Sample Risk Identification and Mitigation Assessment

Worksheet ......................................................................................... 35032-1 Capability-Based Planning Concept .................................................. 35432-2 Capability Increments and Dimensions ............................................. 35532-3 Capability Increment Radar ............................................................ 35632-4 Relationship Between Capabilities, Enter prise

Architecture, and Projects ................................................................. 35833-1 Relationships between Deliverables, Artifacts, and

Building Blocks .................................................................................. 36233-2 Example Architecture Definition Document .................................. 36233-3 Content Metamodel Over view ........................................................... 363

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34-1 TOGAF Content Metamodel and its Extensions................................ 36834-2 Core Entities and their Relationships ................................................ 37034-3 Interactions between Metamodel, Building Blocks,

Diagrams, and Stakeholders ............................................................. 37234-4 Content Fr amework by ADM Phases................................................. 37334-5 Detailed Representation of the Content Metamodel.......................... 37434-6 Entities and Relationships Present within the Core

Content Metamodel ........................................................................... 37634-7 Content Metamodel with Extensions ................................................. 37734-8 Relationships between Entities in the Full Metamodel ...................... 37834-9 Core Content Metamodel and Predefined Extension Modules.......... 38034-10 Core Content with Governance Extensions....................................... 38034-11 Governance Extensions: Changes to Metamodel ............................. 38234-12 Services Extension: Changes to Metamodel..................................... 38434-13 Process Modeling Extensions: Changes to Metamodel .................... 38534-14 Data Extensions: Changes to Metamodel ......................................... 38734-15 Infrastr ucture Consolidation Extensions: Changes to

Metamodel ......................................................................................... 39034-16 Motivation Extensions: Changes to Metamodel ................................ 39235-1 Basic Architectural Concepts............................................................. 41135-2 Example View The Open Group Business Domains in

2008 ................................................................................................... 41435-3 Viewpoints Associated with the Core Content Metamodel

and Extensions .................................................................................. 41935-4 Abstract Security Architecture View .................................................. 44535-5 Generic Security Architecture View................................................... 44635-6 The Five-Tier Organization................................................................ 45335-7 Data Access Interface (DAI) .............................................................. 45535-8 Multiple Uses of a Data Access Interface (DAI) ................................. 45635-9 Notional Distr ibution Model................................................................ 45735-10 Basic Client/Ser ver Model ................................................................. 46035-11 Reference Model Representation of Client/Server Model ................. 46035-12 Host-Based, Master/Slave , and Hierarchic Models ........................... 46135-13 Hierarchic Model using the Reference Model.................................... 46235-14 Peer-to-Peer and Distributed Object Management Models ............... 46335-15 Communications Infrastr ucture.......................................................... 46635-16 OSI Reference Model ........................................................................ 46835-17 Communications Framework ............................................................. 46937-1 Key ADM Phases/Steps at which Building Blocks are

Evolved/Specified .............................................................................. 50337-2 Candidate Building Blocks: Business Process-Driven List ................ 50937-3 XYZ Baseline Architecture................................................................. 51037-4 Candidate Building Blocks Augmented with Technical

Functionality ...................................................................................... 51237-5 Candidate Building Blocks from the Baseline-Driven List.................. 51237-6 Baseline Architecture in TOGAF Ter ms............................................. 51337-7 Target Architecture of Functions........................................................ 51437-8 Augmented Target Architecture of Functions..................................... 51637-9 Representation of XYZ SalesApp System......................................... 51937-10 Services Map.....

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