“To take up the Cross”

THE CRUSADES

The reasons and causes for the Crusades as a whole

The reasons and causes for each individual Crusade

The results and effects of the Crusades

How we understand the Crusades as Catholics

UNIT THEMES

When is something worth fighting for?

With you partner:

Feudal System Bellicose Society and CultureImpending threat of Muslims/ Muslim occupation of the Holy Land.Immensely strong religious duties and bond to Christendom Great Schism just happened in 1054

Background

Read Pope Urban II’s address at Clermont.

1. Why is he calling for a Crusade?

2. Who is his audience ;who is this call to?

3. What is happening to Christians in the east?

Pope Urban II call to Crusade 1095

DEUS VULT!

Protect the Eastern Rite Catholic churchesRegain the Holy Land

Shrines, Relics, Holy Places, etc.Counter Muslim threat

Causes for the Crusades

Service to country and ReligionAdventure Looking to increase wealth and/or status Plenary Indulgence (removal of effects of sin)Chance for martyrdom (straight to heaven if

you die)Pilgrimage to the Holy LandDuty (Feudal System)

Why go on Crusade as an individual?

Byzantine Emperor asked Pope Urban II for help against Seljuk (Turkish) Muslims

Pope Urban II called the Council of Clermont in 1095

Crusade called to reclaim Byzantine territory and “free Jerusalem”

Seen as an act of faith in Jesus, a way to promote Christian unity and protect pilgrims

Battle cry: “Deus vult” (God wills it)Battle dress: a cross of red fabric

The First Crusade 1096-1099

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=oIVAhQBoDKjtwM&tbnid=t7CiJBxv_yL32M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.medievaltymes.com/courtyard/first_crusade.htm&ei=xtN2UpDRDsX52QWovoDAAw&bvm=bv.55819444,d.b2I&psig=AFQjCNFqnxUz3ChrhjNZ1GnkpAdHvx-XlQ&ust=1383605567803800

SUCCESS!!!Jerusalem is captured, Christians now have control of the Holy Land!Divided into 4 new fiefs: Kingdom of Jerusalem County of TripoliCounty of Edessa,Principality of AntiochAccess to Holy Land!

First Crusade Conclusion

Difficult to control Many Christians

went back to Europe

Military Orders created to help.

Mixing of Muslim and Christian culture.

Outremer States

City of Edessa is attacked by Muslims – Christians respond. King Louis VII (France) & Emperor Conrad II (Holy Roman Empire/Germany) lead the 2nd Crusade. Set out to capture Damascus in order to defend Jerusalem.FAILURE – Thought to be due to the sins and moral laxity of Christendom

Second Crusade 1147-1149

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=g3R-88XTEbEo5M&tbnid=NNbxEa2KjefkqM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.medievaltymes.com/courtyard/second_crusade.htm&ei=e9h2UoqzGqHW2QW8p4GoBA&bvm=bv.55819444,d.b2I&psig=AFQjCNEQqLOcH1o2M2Z_EdmqHzVgIYvuDw&ust=1383606766785828

Saladin- Great Muslim leader who has united his people and preaches jihad against the Christians. Takes Jerusalem in 1187Christians respond with the 3rd Crusade!

Richard the Lionhearted (England), Emperor Frederick Barbarossa (Germany), King Philip (France). SUCCESS?!... Sort of: Richard the Lionhearted and Saladin make a Truce. Christians are granted safe and tax free passage to the Holy Land.

Third Crusade 1189-1192

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=RX3RD6C8qZ2cUM&tbnid=0lOK4qItJaveNM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.medievaltymes.com/courtyard/third_crusade.htm&ei=8912UrSxBOWq2QWFzYDYBA&bvm=bv.55819444,d.b2I&psig=AFQjCNEjro80Qs2yP5MQ_30VGFTrLfIujw&ust=1383608176782593

Describe a time that you were disobedient. What happened?

TEAMBUILDING TUESDAY

Christians sack Constantinople!WHY?!Crusaders indebted to Venetian tradersPolitical reasonsMisguided emotions and anger. - Did not help the East and West conflict…

Fourth Crusade 1201-1204

Unofficial CrusadesPeople’s Crusade – Peter the Hermit

encouraged the regular people of Europe to go on Crusade and free the Holy Land most were killed

Children’s Crusade – 1000s of children were encouraged by their parents to walk to Jerusalem and free it most starved to death as they walked towards the ocean, others were sold into slavery

Other Crusades

Crusades 5-9Peoples CrusadeChildren’s CrusadeWendishNorthern CrusadesAlbigensianAragonese

Other Crusades

Military Orders Knights TemplarProtected pilgrims as the traveled.

Knights Hospitaller Took care of pilgrims and Crusaders.

Positive 1. Renewed Christian faith, 2. Strengthened the influence of the Papacy and the Church3. Promoted knighthood and chivalry4. United Christians 5. Eastern products: paper, silk, spices; Developed international trade and travel6 . Recovery of relics, land and Churches7. Arabic numerals8. Warded off Muslim Invasion

1. The abuses of some of the Crusaders gave the Church a bad name2. The attack upon fellow Christians in Constantinople made bad feelings between East and West worse (4th Crusade)3. The unsuccessful Crusades made some Christians bitter4. The Crusades were not permanently successful

Effects of the Crusades Negative