Formation Evaluation

Sandeep Ramakrishna

Technical Advisor – Petrophysics

Wireline and Perforating

Houston

2 © 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Halliburton’s Experience in Unconventional Reservoirs

3 © 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Source Rock Reservoirs – Engineered for Success

Drill - Hydraulic Stimulation – Produce

– Drilling a well(s) specifically detailed and optimized for

a stimulation completion.

– Use optimum real-time & recorded measurements to

• Placing the wellbore for optimum Stimulation

• Evaluating the wellbore for Stimulation design

4 © 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Formation Evaluation Components

Formation Evaluation

• Mineralogy

• Porosity, permeability

• Fluid Characterization (typing, saturation …etc)

Geo-Chemistry

• TOC,

• Kerogen,

• Maturity ..etc

Geo-Mechanics

• Mechanical Properties

• Stress Field

• Frac. Parameters

5 © 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Coring and Sampling

– Total Organic Carbon, Pyrolysis maturity

– XRD, XRF Minerology %

– GRI Porosity and Perm (commercial Lab)

– Sorption-Desorption Isotherms (commercial Lab)

– Brinnell Hardness

– Stress Testing and Calibration

– Acid Solubility

– CST - Capillary Suction Time

6 © 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

GEM™ - Elemental Spectroscopy – accurate elemental

weight percents

The GEM tool directly measures some of the key, yet

difficult elements to quantify

Aluminum for shales / clays

Magnesium for carbonates (dolomite vs.

limestone)

Manganese measurement (clays, ankerite)

7 © 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Elementals

Mineralogy

Grain Density

Reserves

Porosity

Production

Quartz

Calcite

Pyrite

Illite

Mg Chlorite

Na Feldspar

Kerogen

XRD Data

Haynesville Shale Example

Quartz

Calcite

Pyrite

Illite

Mg Chlorite

Na Feldspar

Kerogen

XRD Data

8 © 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

DRY Rock Mineral Analysis Core XRD

9 © 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

10 © 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Brittleness Index and Brinnell Hardness

Brittle = High YM, Low PR

Ductile = Low YM, High PR

Brittle = High Brinnell Hardness

Ductile = Low Brinnell Hardness

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Woodford Marcellus Floyd Haynesville Bossier Barnett CV Lime Ohio SS Coal Eagle Ford

BH

N #

11 © 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Borehole Images from Marcellus Shale

12 © 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

SPE 115258

Shale Completion Strategy: Based on Brittleness

Index

Brittleness Fluid System Fracture Geometry Fracture Width Closure Profile

70% Slick Water

60% Slick Water

50% Hybrid

40% Hybrid

30% X-Linked

20% X-Linked

10% X-Linked

Brittleness Proppant Concentration Fluid Volume Proppant Volume

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

Liquid Production

Low

High

High

Low

Low

High

Youngs Modulus

7 E 6

6 E 6

5 E 6

4 E 6

3 E 6

2 E 6

1 E 6

Low

High

Barnett

Marcellus

Eagleford

Haynesville

Barnett

Marcellus

Eagleford

Haynesville

13 © 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

ShaleXpertTM

GEM Mineralogy

GEM Volumetrics

TOC & Kerogen

Sw

Vert vs.Horiz

PR,YM, & Stress

Pseudo

Brittleness

2D vs 3D

Stress

Anisotropy

Haynesville

Bossier

DFIT & GRI Perm,

micro vs.nano darcy

Free & Sorbed

Cumm Gas

14 © 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Vertical

SPECTRAL GAMMA

NEUTRON DENSITY

RESISTIVITY

SONIC

Horizontal

GAMMA

NEUTRON DENSITY

RESISTIVITY

Horizontal Cased

SPECTRAL GAMMA

PULSED NEUTRON

DIPOLE ACOUSTIC

ELEMENTAL-MINERALOGY

IMAGE LOG

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE

DIELECTRIC

ROTARY SIDEWALL CORES

SONIC

MUD LOG

LASERSTRAT

CORE ANALYSIS

MICROSEISMIC

TRACER SCANS

PRODUCTION LOGS

ShaleXpertTM

What logs are required?

BASIC

ENHANCEMENTS

15 © 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Thank you