three new species of oribatid mites of the genus pergalumna (acari: oribatida: galumnidae) from...

Biologia 69/4: 489—497, 2014Section ZoologyDOI: 10.2478/s11756-014-0332-5

Three new species of oribatid mites of the genus Pergalumna(Acari: Oribatida: Galumnidae) from India

Sergey G. Ermilov1, Tapas Chatterjee2, Mrinal Kumar Das3 & Sabitry Bordoloi3

1Tyumen State University, Tyumen 625003, Russia; e-mail: [email protected] School of Learning, I.S.M. Annexe, P.O. – I.S.M., Dhanbad-826004, Jharkhand, India;e-mail: [email protected] of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, P.O. Gorchuk, Guwahati 781035, Assam,India; e-mail: das [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract: Three new oribatid mite species of the genus Pergalumna (Galumnidae) are described from growing mosseson rocks near a water stream in India. Pergalumna paraclericata sp. n. is very similar morphologically to Carinogalumnaclericata (Berlese, 1914), however, it differs from the latter by the structure of lamellar lines and number of notogastralporose areas. Pergalumna minipora sp. n. is very similar morphologically to Pergalumna bifissurata Hammer, 1972, however,it differs from the latter by the body size and the presence of prodorsal ridges and a median pore. Pergalumna paracattienicasp. n. is very similar morphologically to Pergalumna cattienica Ermilov & Anichkin, 2011, however, it differs from the latterby the number of notogastral porose areas and the body integument on the ventral plate.

Key words: oribatid mites; new species; Pergalumna; India

Introduction

The present study is based on oribatid mite materialcollected by Mrinal Kumar Das (third author) in 2012from localities in India. In the course of taxonomic iden-tification of this material, we found three new species,belonging to the genus Pergalumna Grandjean, 1936.The main purpose of our paper is to describe and illus-trate these species under the names Pergalumna para-clericata sp. n., P. minipora sp. n. and P. paracattienicasp. n.Pergalumna is a genus that was proposed by

Grandjean (1936) with Oribata nervosa Berlese, 1914as type species. Currently, it comprises more than 120species having a cosmopolitan distribution. The maingeneric characters of Pergalumna are summarized byErmilov et al. (2013). An identification key to manyspecies of this genus has been presented by Balogh &Balogh (2002).At present, Pergalumna-species is poorly known in

the Indian fauna. Only six identified species have beenfound earlier (for example: Venkata Raju et al. 1981;Sanyal & Bhaduri 1986; Sanyal 2000; Subías 2004; Ba-yartogtokh & Chatterjee 2010).

Material and methods

Pergalumna paraclericata sp. n. (holotype: male; twoparatypes: male and female), Pergalumna minipora sp. n.(holotype: female; two paratypes: male and female) andPergalumna paracattienica sp. n. (holotype: female; three

paratypes: two males and female) were examined: India,27◦02′13′′ N, 92◦36′05′′ E, Arunachal Pradesh, Tippi (Roadside stream near Panjoli watershed), 259 m a.s.l., growingmosses on rocks near water stream, collected by Mrinal Ku-mar Das (30.05.2012).

Specimens were studied in lactic acid, mounted in tem-porary cavity slides for the duration of the study, and thenstored in 70% alcohol in vials. Body length was measured inlateral view, from the tip of rostrum to the posterior edgeof ventral plate. Notogastral width refers to the maximumwidth in dorsal aspect. General terminology used in this pa-per follows that summarized by Norton and Behan-Pelletier(2009).

Pergalumna paraclericata sp. n. (Figs 1, 2)

Diagnosis. Body size: 1278–1311× 976–1045 µm. Ros-trum with large rectangular wavy ledge. Prodorsal setaeand sensilli long, setiform. Anterior notogastral mar-gin not developed medially. Three pairs of notogastralporose areas oval. Median pore present. Ano-adanal se-tae rather long. Postanal porose area absent.

Description. Measurements. Body length: 1278 µm(holotype), 1294 µm, 1311 µm (two paratypes); noto-gaster width: 996 µm (holotype), 976 µm, 1045 µm (twoparatypes).Integument. Body color brown. Body surface with

microgranulate cerotegument. Pteromorphs with dis-tinct wrinkles.Prodorsum. Rostrum with large rectangular wavy

ledge. Rostral (ro, 98–110 µm), lamellar (le, 159–

c©2014 Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences

490 S.G. Ermilov et al.

Fig. 1. Pergalumna paraclericata sp. n.: A – body dorsally; B – body ventrally (gnathosoma and legs not illustrated); C – rostrumdorso-anteriorly; D – prodorsum dorso-laterally; E – prodorsum dorso-ventrally; F – pteromorpha. Scales 300 µm (A, B, D, E), 50 µm(C), 200 µm (F).

172 µm) and interlamellar (in, 176–190 µm) setae andsensilli (ss, 176–190 µm) setiform, indistinctly barbed.Exobothridial setae absent. Lamellar (L) and sublamel-lar lines (S ) well developed, parallel. Porose areas Adpresent, elongate, ribbon-shaped, narrow.Notogaster. Anterior notogastral margin not de-

veloped medially. Dorsophragmata (D) of medium size.Notogastral setae represented by 11 pairs of alveoli (apair of additional alveoli lx present). Three pairs ofporose areas developed, oval, similar in size (Aa, A1,A3, 77–102 × 36–45 µm), without distinct borders.Alveoli of setae la inserted laterally to Aa. Porose ar-eas Aa located between setae la and lm, and are re-moved from them on equal distance. Median pore (mp)

located little posteriorly to horizontal level of arrange-ment of A1. Lyrifissures im located antero-laterally toA1. Others lyrifissures located typical for Pergalumna.Opisthonotal gland openings (gla) located laterally toA1.Gnathosoma. Subcapitulum longer than wide (332

× 282 µm). Subcapitular setae h, m and a similar inlength (57 µm), setiform, slightly barbed. Adoral se-tae (or1, or2, 32 µm) setiform, barbed. Palps (249 µm)with setation 0–2–1–3–9(+ω). Solenidion attached toeupathidium (acm). Chelicerae (381 µm) with twobarbed setae; cha (149 µm) longer than chb (83 µm).Tragardh’s organ (Tg) long, conical.Epimeral and lateral podosomal regions. Setal for-

Three new species of Pergalumna from India 491

Fig. 2. Pergalumna paraclericata sp. n.: A – anterior part of right half of subcapitulum ventrally; B – palptarsus; C – anterior partof chelicera; D – left genital plate; E – left anal plate and adanal setae; F – tarsus of left leg IV, antiaxial view. Scales 50 µm (A, F),20 µm (B), 100 µm (C, D, E).

Table 1. Leg setation and solenidia of Pergalumna paraclericata sp. n. (same data for Pergalumna minipora sp. n. and Pergalumnaparacattienica sp. n.)

Leg Trochanter Femur Genu Tibia Tarsus

I v’ d, (l), bv” (l), v’, σ (l), (v), φ1, φ2 (ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv), v’, (pl), l”, e, ω1, ω2II v’ d, (l), bv” (l), v’, σ (l), (v), φ (ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv), ω1, ω2III v’ d, ev’ l’, σ l’, (v), φ (ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv)IV v’ d, ev’ d, l’ l’, (v), φ ft”, (tc), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv)

Explanations: Roman letters refer to normal setae (e – famulus), Greek letters refer to solenidia. One apostrophe (’) marks setae onanterior and double apostrophe (”) setae on posterior side of the given leg segment. Parentheses refer to a pair of setae.

mula: 3–1–3–3. Setae 1a, 2a and 3a represented by alve-oli, other setae of medium size (53–65 µm; sometimessome up to 82 µm) Discidia (dis) and circumpedal cari-nae (cp) distinct.Anogenital region. Six pairs of genital (g1–g6, 53–

65 µm), one pair of aggenital (ag, 53–65 µm), twopairs of anal (an1, an2, 102–123 µm) and three pairs ofadanal (ad1–ad3, 102–123 µm) setae setiform, smooth.Anterior edge of genital plates with two setae. Adanalsetae ad3 inserted postero-laterally to lyrifissures iad.Postanal porose area absent.

Legs. Three claws of each leg slightly different insize, smooth. Homology of setae and solenidia indi-cated in Table 1. Morphology of leg segments, setaeand solenidia typical for Pergalumna (e.g., Engelbrecht1972; Ermilov & Anichkin 2011).

Type deposition. The holotype is deposited in the collec-tion of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy ofSciences, St. Petersburg, Russia; one paratype is depositedin the collection of the Siberian Zoological Museum, Novosi-birsk, Russia; one paratype is in the personal collection ofthe first author.


Fig. 3. Pergalumna minipora sp. n.: A – body dorsally; B – body ventrally (gnathosoma and legs not illustrated); C – rostrumdorso-anteriorly; D – prodorsum dorso-laterally; E – pteromorpha. Scales 300 µm (A, B), 50 µm (C), 200 µm (D, E).

Etymology. The prefix para is Latin meaning “near”and refers the similarity between the new species andthe species Carinogalumna clericata (Berlese, 1914).

Remarks. Pergalumna paraclericata sp. n. is clearlydistinguishable from other known species of the genusPergalumna by the combination of the following char-acters, namely: rostrum with large ledge; prodor-sal setae long; sensilli setiform; anterior notogastralmargin not developed; notogaster with three pairsof oval porose areas; anal and adanal setae ratherlong.

In having the rostrum with wavy ledge, prodor-sal setae long, setiform sensilli and anterior notogas-tral margin not developed, the new species is similarto Carinogalumna clericata (Berlese, 1914) from theNeotropical region (see Berlese 1914; Mahunka 1992;Pérez-Ínigo & Baggio 1994), however it clearly differsfrom the latter by the structure of lamellar lines (bent,parallel to sublamellar lines versus straight, divergingfrom sublamellar lines in C. clericata) and the presenceof three pairs of notogastral porose areas (versus fourpairs in C. clericata).


Fig. 4. Pergalumna minipora sp. n.: A – anterior part of right half of subcapitulum ventrally; B – palptarsus; C – anterior part ofchelicera; D – left genital plate; E – left anal plate, adanal setae and postanal porose area; F – ovipositor; G – anterior part of tarsusof right leg I, antiaxial view. Scales 50 µm (A, C, D, E, G), 20 µm (B), 100 µm (F).

Pergalumna minipora sp. n. (Figs 3, 4)

Diagnosis. Body size: 1162–1278 × 898–1012 µm.Rostrum pointed. Prodorsum with two longitudinal,thin ridges. Rostral and lamellar setae and sen-silli long, setiform. Interlamellar setae representedby alveoli. Anterior notogastral margin not devel-oped medially. Three pairs of notogastral porose areassmall, rounded. Median pore and postanal porose areapresent.

Description.Measurements. Body length: 1278 µm(holotype), 1162 µm, 1245 µm (two paratypes); noto-gaster width: 979 µm (holotype), 898 µm, 1012 µm (twoparatypes).Integument. Body color brown. Body surface with

microgranulate cerotegument. Pteromorphs with dis-tinct wrinkles. A transverse striate band located poste-riorly to anal plates.Prodorsum. Rostrum pointed. Rostral (135–143

µm) and lamellar (147–155 µm) setae and sensilli (159–


168 µm) setiform, indistinctly barbed. Interlamellarsetae represented by alveoli. Exobothridial setae ab-sent. Prodorsum with two longitudinal, thin ridges (r).Lamellar and sublamellar lines well developed, parallel.Porose areas Ad present, elongate oval.Notogaster. Anterior notogastral margin not devel-

oped medially. Dorsophragmata of medium size. Noto-gastral setae represented by 11 pairs of alveoli (a pair ofadditional alveoli lx present). Three pairs of porose ar-eas developed, rounded, small, similar in size (Aa, A1,A3, 20–28 µm), with distinct borders. Alveoli of se-tae la inserted laterally to Aa. Porose areas Aa locatednear to lm, and are removed from la. Median pore lo-cated posteriorly to horizontal level of arrangement ofA1. Lyrifissures im located laterally to A1. Others lyri-fissures located typical for Pergalumna. Opisthonotalgland openings located postero-laterally to A1.Gnathosoma. Subcapitulum longer than wide

(265 × 232 µm). Subcapitular setae h, m and a andadoral setae similar in length (36 µm), slightly barbed.Palps (199 µm) with setation 0–2–1–3–9(+ω). Soleni-dion attached to eupathidium. Chelicerae (348 µm)with two barbed setae; cha (110 µm) longer than chb(61 µm). Tragardh’s organ long, conical.Epimeral and lateral podosomal regions. Setal for-

mula: 1–0–2–3. Setae setiform, thin, smooth; 4a, 4b (24–28 µm) shorter than others (57–65 µm). Discidia andcircumpedal carinae distinct.Anogenital region. Six pairs of genital, one pair of

aggenital, two pairs of anal and three pairs of adanalsetae similar in length, short (24–28 µm), setiform,smooth. Anterior edge of genital plates with two se-tae. Adanal setae ad3 inserted antero-laterally to lyrifis-sures iad. Postanal porose area (Ap) present, oval (28–32 × 10–12 µm). Ovipositor (547 × 166 µm) with threelobes (215) and cylindrical distal part (332). Four se-tae of each lobe (ψ1, τ1, 77 µm; ψ2, τa, τb, τc, 49 µm)straight, smooth. Six coronal setae (k) short (16 µm),thin, smooth.Legs. Three claws of each leg little differ in size,

smooth. Homology of setae and solenidia indicated inTable 1. Morphology of leg segments, setae and soleni-dia typical for Pergalumna (for example: Engelbrecht1972; Ermilov & Anichkin 2011).

Type deposition. The holotype is deposited in the collec-tion of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy ofSciences, St. Petersburg, Russia; one paratype is depositedin the collection of the Siberian Zoological Museum, Novosi-birsk, Russia; one paratype is in the personal collection ofthe first author.

Etymology. The specific name “minipora” refers tothe presence of small median pore on notogaster.

Remarks. In having the combination of morphologicalcharacters (rostrum pointed; rostral and lamellar setaewell developed; interlamellar setae represented by alve-oli; sensilli setiform; anterior notogastral margin not de-veloped; notogaster with three pairs of rounded poroseareas, presence of postanal porose area), Pergalumna

minipora sp. n. is similar to Pergalumna bifissurataHammer, 1972 from Polynesia and Galapagos Islands(see Hammer 1972), however it clearly differs from thelatter by the larger body length (1162–1278 µm versus620 µm in P. bifissurata), and the presence of prodorsalridges and median pore (versus absent in P. bifissurata).

Pergalumna paracattienica sp. n. (Figs 5, 6)

Diagnosis. Body size: 597–680 × 431–498 µm. Ros-trum pointed. Prodorsal setae and sensilli long, seti-form. Anterior notogastral margin not developed. Threepairs of notogastral porose areas rounded or oval. Me-dian pore and postanal porose area absent. Genitalplates striate. A pair of transversal striate bands lo-cated between genital and anal plates.

Description. Measurements. Body length: 630 µm(holotype), 597–680 µm (three paratypes); notogasterwidth: 464 µm (holotype), 431–498 µm (three para-types).Integument. Body color brown. Body surface with

microgranulate cerotegument (prodorsal granules littlelarger than on notogaster and ventral plate). Ptero-morphs with distinct wrinkles. Genital plates with sev-eral long, longitudinal striae. A transverse striate bandlocated posteriorly to anal plates; a pair of transversalstriate bands located between genital and anal plates.Prodorsum. Rostrum pointed. Rostral (61–69 µm),

lamellar (110–123 µm) and interlamellar (147–159 µm)setae setiform, barbed. Sensilli (118–127 µm) setiform,with short cilia. Exobothridial setae absent. Lamellarand sublamellar lines well developed, parallel. Poroseareas Ad absent.Notogaster. Anterior notogastral margin not de-

veloped. Dorsophragmata long. Notogastral setae rep-resented by 10 pairs of alveoli. Three pairs of poroseareas (Aa, A1, A3) developed, similar in size, rounded(12–16 µm) or oval (16–20 × 12), with distinct bor-ders. Porose areas Aa located between setae la and lm,and are removed from them on equal distance. Medianpore absent. Lyrifissures im located antero-laterally toA1. Other lyrifissures located typical for Pergalumna.Opisthonotal gland openings located laterally to A1.Gnathosoma. Subcapitulum longer than wide (164

× 135 µm). Subcapitular setae h, m and a similar inlength (32 µm), slightly barbed. Adoral setae (12 µm)setiform, barbed. Palps (114 µm) with setation 0–2–1–3–9(+ω). Solenidion attached to eupathidium. Che-licerae (192 µm) with two barbed setae; cha (57 µm)longer than chb (36 µm). Tragardh’s organ long, coni-cal.Epimeral and lateral podosomal regions. Setal for-

mula: 1–0–2–3. Setae short (12–16 µm), setiform, thin,slightly barbed. Discidia and circumpedal carinae dis-tinct.Anogenital region. Six pairs of genital and one pair

of aggenital setae short (12–16 µm), setiform, slightlybarbed. Anterior edge of genital plates with two setae.Two pairs of anal (28–32 µm) and three pairs of adanal


Fig. 5. Pergalumna paracattienica sp. n.: A – body dorsally; B – body ventrally (gnathosoma and legs not illustrated); C – rostrumdorso-anteriorly; D – prodorsum dorso-laterally; E – pteromorpha. Scales 200 µm (A, B), 50 µm (C), 100 µm (D, E).

setae (ad1, ad2, 45–57 µm, ad3, 28–36 µm) setiform,barbed. Adanal setae ad3inserted postero-laterally tolyrifissures iad. Postanal porose area absent.Legs. Three claws of each leg slightly serrate on

dorsal side. Central claw thicker than the other two.Homology of setae and solenidia indicated in Table 1.Morphology of leg segments, setae and solenidia typi-cal for Pergalumna (for example: Engelbrecht 1972; Er-milov & Anichkin 2011).

Type deposition. The holotype is deposited in the collec-tion of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy ofSciences, St. Petersburg, Russia; one paratype is depositedin the collection of the Siberian Zoological Museum, Novosi-

birsk, Russia; two paratypes are in the personal collectionof the first author.

Etymology. The prefix para is Latin meaning “near”and refers the similarity between the new species andthe species Pergalumna cattienica Ermilov & Anichkin,2011.

Remarks. In having the combination of morpholog-ical characters (rostrum pointed; prodorsal setae welldeveloped; sensilli setiform; anterior notogastral mar-gin not developed; adanal setae ad1, ad2 rather long),Pergalumna paracattienica sp. nov. is similar to Per-galumna cattienica Ermilov & Anichkin, 2011 from


Fig. 6. Pergalumna paracattienica sp. n.: A – anterior part of left half of subcapitulum ventrally; B – palptarsus; C – anterior part ofchelicera; D – left genital plate; E – left anal plate and adanal setae; F – anterior part of tarsus of left leg IV, antiaxial view. Scales50 µm (A, E), 20 µm (B, C, D), 10 µm (F).

Vietnam (see Ermilov & Anichkin 2011), however itclearly differs from the latter by the presence of threepairs of notogastral porose areas (versus four pairs in P.cattienica) and striae on genital plates and on ventralplate (versus absent in P. cattienica).

Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge anonymous reviewers for thevaluable comments. The work of third and fourth authors(MKD and SB) is supported by the Department of Sci-ence and Technology (DST), Govt. of India, grant no.NRDMS/11/1328/07.

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Received April 30, 2013Accepted December 3, 2013

three new species of oribatid mites of the genus pergalumna (acari: oribatida: galumnidae) from...

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