Thomas Thomas Jefferson’s Jefferson’s PresidencyPresidency

1801-18091801-1809

Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson -- author of the Thomas Jefferson -- author of the Declaration of Independence and the Declaration of Independence and the Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom, Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom, third president of the United States, and third president of the United States, and founder of the University of Virginia -- founder of the University of Virginia -- voiced the aspirations of a new America voiced the aspirations of a new America as no other individual of his era. As public as no other individual of his era. As public official, historian, philosopher, and official, historian, philosopher, and plantation owner, he served his country plantation owner, he served his country for over five decades.for over five decades.

The Election of 1800The Election of 1800

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQmtEc-6E-Y&feature=related

The BeginningThe Beginning

March 4, 1801March 4, 1801 Thomas Jefferson is Thomas Jefferson is

the first President the first President inaugurated in the inaugurated in the new capital city of new capital city of Washington D.C.Washington D.C.

He delivers his first He delivers his first inaugural address. inaugural address. This address outlines This address outlines what he feels are the what he feels are the essential principles essential principles of government. of government.

First Inaugural AddressFirst Inaugural Address

Essential Principles of GovernmentEssential Principles of Government ““equal and exact justice to all men”equal and exact justice to all men” ““peace, commerce, and honest friendship peace, commerce, and honest friendship

with all nations”with all nations” ““the support of state governments”the support of state governments” ““the preservation of general government”the preservation of general government” punishment for those who choose to revoltpunishment for those who choose to revolt compliance with the decisions of the compliance with the decisions of the

majoritymajority

First Inaugural AddressFirst Inaugural Address

Essential Principles of Government Essential Principles of Government Cont…Cont… ““a well disciplined militia”a well disciplined militia” honest payment of debtshonest payment of debts maintaining a sound economymaintaining a sound economy proper distribution of informationproper distribution of information freedom of religionfreedom of religion freedom of the pressfreedom of the press

First Term CabinetFirst Term Cabinet

Cabinet of President Thomas Jefferson

March 4, 1801-March 3, 1805 (Term 1)

State James Madison

TreasurySamuel DexterAlbert Gallatin (from May 14, 1801)

War Henry Dearborn

NavyBenjamin StoddertRobert Smith (from July 27, 1801)

Attorney General Levi Lincoln

Barbary WarsBarbary Wars May 1801May 1801

Pasha of Tripoli Pasha of Tripoli declares war with the declares war with the United States United States because President because President Jefferson refused to Jefferson refused to make the immediate make the immediate payment of $225,000 payment of $225,000 and the annual and the annual payment of $25,000.payment of $25,000.

On the 20On the 20thth Jefferson Jefferson sent the first naval sent the first naval fleet to the area.fleet to the area.

The ships included the The ships included the President, President, Philadelphia, Essex Philadelphia, Essex and Enterprise.and Enterprise.

Map of the Barbary WarsOriginal Map can be found at:

http://www.mariner.org/usnavy/caption_pages/

06a_BarbaryWars.htm

Barbary WarsBarbary Wars

In his first annual In his first annual message, Jefferson message, Jefferson addresses the addresses the Barbary Wars.Barbary Wars. He justifies his actions He justifies his actions

of sending a naval of sending a naval fleet to the fleet to the Mediterranean.Mediterranean.

He also outlines the He also outlines the reasons the Pasha of reasons the Pasha of Tripoli declared war Tripoli declared war with the United with the United States. States.

Map of TripoliOriginal map can be found at:

http://historic-cities.huji.ac.il/libya/tripoli/tripoli.html

Barbary WarsBarbary Wars 1803 – Jefferson faces 1803 – Jefferson faces

much criticism for his much criticism for his decisions made regarding decisions made regarding the war the war

The Philadelphia runs The Philadelphia runs aground in the Tripoli aground in the Tripoli Harbor and it crew and Harbor and it crew and captain are taken captivecaptain are taken captive

He is forced to make He is forced to make several command several command changes.changes. 1801- Commodore Richard 1801- Commodore Richard

DaleDale 1802 – Commodore Richard 1802 – Commodore Richard

MorrisMorris 1803 – Commodore Edward 1803 – Commodore Edward

PreblePreble

Nautical Map of Tripoli Original map can be found at:

http://historic-cities.huji.ac.il/libya/tripoli/maps/roux_1764_pl_55.html

Barbary WarsBarbary Wars Realizing that there was Realizing that there was

no way to recapture the no way to recapture the Philadelphia, Commodore Philadelphia, Commodore Preble devises a plan to Preble devises a plan to destroy the shipdestroy the ship

February 4, 1804 the February 4, 1804 the Philadelphia was Philadelphia was destroyed.destroyed.

August 3, 1804 the first August 3, 1804 the first attack against Tripoli took attack against Tripoli took place when the place when the Constitution’s guns fired Constitution’s guns fired on the city. on the city.

September 1804 – the final September 1804 – the final battle took place in the battle took place in the Tripoli HarborTripoli Harbor

September 1804 – September 1804 – Commodore Barron arrived Commodore Barron arrived with backup for Commodore with backup for Commodore PreblePreble Commodore Barron, who is Commodore Barron, who is

senior in rank to Preble, senior in rank to Preble, continued the blockade and continued the blockade and started looking for a new way started looking for a new way to peaceto peace

Shortly after Commodore Shortly after Commodore Barron arrive, Commodore Barron arrive, Commodore Preble retiredPreble retired

June 4, 1805 after the Pasha June 4, 1805 after the Pasha of Tripoli had been replaced, of Tripoli had been replaced, a treaty was made with the a treaty was made with the United States and the United States and the prisoners were released.prisoners were released.

History Behind the History Behind the Barbary WarsBarbary Wars

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sB5BNDyGq1c&feature=related v=sB5BNDyGq1c&feature=related

Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase April 30, 1803April 30, 1803

Robert Livingston & Robert Livingston & James Monroe signed James Monroe signed the Louisiana Purchase the Louisiana Purchase Treaty in ParisTreaty in Paris

The United States paid The United States paid $15 million for the $15 million for the land, roughly 4 cents land, roughly 4 cents per acreper acre

The purchase added The purchase added 828,000 square miles 828,000 square miles of land west of the of land west of the Mississippi to the Mississippi to the United StatesUnited States

July 4 the Louisiana July 4 the Louisiana Purchase is publicly Purchase is publicly announcedannounced Original treaty can be found at:

http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/american_originals_iv/sections/louisiana_purc

hase_treaty.html

Maps of the Louisiana Maps of the Louisiana PurchasePurchase

The original maps can be found at: The original maps can be found at: http://www.washington.edu/uwired/outreach/cspn/hstaa432/lesson_4/louisiana.html

Lewis and Clark Lewis and Clark ExpeditionExpedition

January 18, 1803January 18, 1803 Jefferson asks Jefferson asks

Congress for funds to Congress for funds to explore the land west explore the land west of the Mississippiof the Mississippi

His goal is to find a His goal is to find a water route to the water route to the PacificPacific

May 1804May 1804 Meriwether Lewis Meriwether Lewis

and William Clark and William Clark depart on the depart on the expeditionexpedition

Map of Lewis and Clark’s RouteOriginal map can be found at:

http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/archive/maptrack_b.html

Lewis and Clark Lewis and Clark ExpeditionExpedition

January 18, 1803January 18, 1803 Jefferson sends a Jefferson sends a

secret message to secret message to congress regarding the congress regarding the Lewis and Clark Lewis and Clark ExpeditionExpedition

In this message In this message Jefferson asks for Jefferson asks for permission to establish permission to establish trading with the trading with the IndiansIndians

The original message can be found The original message can be found at: at: http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=17php?flash=true&doc=17

The Louisiana PurchaseThe Louisiana Purchase

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=THXjdVcQ4Is

Second Inaugural Second Inaugural AddressAddress

Delivered on March 4, 1805Delivered on March 4, 1805 Stresses the importance of American Stresses the importance of American

neutrality in matters of foreign affairsneutrality in matters of foreign affairs Outlines the Louisiana Purchase and Outlines the Louisiana Purchase and

the processes by which the original the processes by which the original inhabitants of the land will become inhabitants of the land will become citizens of the United Statescitizens of the United States

Stresses the importance of harmony Stresses the importance of harmony amongst all inhabitants of Americaamongst all inhabitants of America

Embargo Act of 1807Embargo Act of 1807 1803 - Renewal of the Napoleonic Wars 1803 - Renewal of the Napoleonic Wars

between France and Great Britain between France and Great Britain America was once again trapped between America was once again trapped between

the two nationsthe two nations Jefferson wanting to stay neutral proposed Jefferson wanting to stay neutral proposed

an embargo on all foreign tradean embargo on all foreign trade This was highly unsuccessful and This was highly unsuccessful and

devastated the American Economydevastated the American Economy The Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 was put The Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 was put

in place to repeal the unsuccessful in place to repeal the unsuccessful Embargo ActEmbargo Act

22ndnd Term Cabinet Term Cabinet

March 4, 1805-March 3, 1809 (Term 2)

State James Madison

Treasury Albert Gallatin

War Henry Dearborn

Navy Robert Smith

Attorney GeneralJohn BreckinridgeCaesar Augustus Rodney (from January 20, 1807)

22ndnd Term in Office Term in Office

His second term, a time when he His second term, a time when he encountered more difficulties on both encountered more difficulties on both the domestic and foreign fronts, is the domestic and foreign fronts, is most remembered for his efforts to most remembered for his efforts to maintain neutrality in the midst of the maintain neutrality in the midst of the conflict between Britain and France; conflict between Britain and France; his efforts did not avert war with his efforts did not avert war with Britain that would eventually come in Britain that would eventually come in 1812.1812.

Life after the PresidencyLife after the Presidency Jefferson was succeeded as president in 1809 by his friend Jefferson was succeeded as president in 1809 by his friend

James Madison, and during the last seventeen years of his James Madison, and during the last seventeen years of his life, he remained at Monticello. life, he remained at Monticello.

During this period, he sold his collection of books to the During this period, he sold his collection of books to the government to form the nucleus of the Library of Congress. government to form the nucleus of the Library of Congress.

Jefferson embarked on his last great public service at the Jefferson embarked on his last great public service at the age of seventy-six, with the founding of the University of age of seventy-six, with the founding of the University of Virginia. He spearheaded the legislative campaign for its Virginia. He spearheaded the legislative campaign for its charter, secured its location, designed its buildings, charter, secured its location, designed its buildings, planned its curriculum, and served as the first rector.planned its curriculum, and served as the first rector.

Jefferson’s DeathJefferson’s Death

Jefferson died on July 4, 1826, just hours before his close friend John Adams, on the fiftieth anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence.