Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

33rdrd President of the United President of the United StatesStates

1801-18091801-1809

The Age of JeffersonThe Age of Jefferson

He called his He called his election a election a “Revolution of 1800”,“Revolution of 1800”, a real a real revolution in the principles of revolution in the principles of government as great as the government as great as the Revolution of 1776Revolution of 1776

1st time in history political 1st time in history political country passed from one party country passed from one party to another without violence and to another without violence and through democratic processthrough democratic process

His Agenda as His Agenda as PresidentPresident Limit federal power, cut taxes, Limit federal power, cut taxes,

reduce debt, and costs. reduce debt, and costs. Albert GallatinAlbert Gallatin named his named his

Secretary of TreasurySecretary of Treasury Abolished internal taxesAbolished internal taxes By 1810, $40 million of $82 million By 1810, $40 million of $82 million

debt paid, despite La. Purchasedebt paid, despite La. Purchase

MoreMore

Slashed budgetsSlashed budgets and and reduced size reduced size of government.of government.

Cut spendingCut spending by reducing size of by reducing size of army, reduced size of Navy and the army, reduced size of Navy and the size of the executive staff.size of the executive staff.

Revenue for government came from Revenue for government came from custom duties and western land sales.custom duties and western land sales.

The anti-military President established The anti-military President established West Point Military AcademyWest Point Military Academy

Conflict With Judicial Conflict With Judicial BranchBranch Judiciary Act of 1801Judiciary Act of 1801, increased , increased

number of federal judges.number of federal judges. These These “Midnight Judges”“Midnight Judges” appointed appointed

by Adams, gave by Adams, gave Federalists control Federalists control of Judicial Branch.of Judicial Branch.

Jefferson attempted to use Jefferson attempted to use impeachmentimpeachment to remove these judges. to remove these judges.

UnsuccessfulUnsuccessful attempt to attempt to removeremove Supreme Court Judge, Supreme Court Judge, Samuel ChaseSamuel Chase ended the impeachment campaignended the impeachment campaign

Marbury vs, MadisonMarbury vs, Madison

Establishes the doctrine of Establishes the doctrine of judicial reviewjudicial review, Supreme Court , Supreme Court decides constitutionalitydecides constitutionality

John Marshall, appointed by John Marshall, appointed by Adams is Chief JusticeAdams is Chief Justice

Case makes Judicial Branch co-Case makes Judicial Branch co-equal with legislative and equal with legislative and executive branchesexecutive branches

““Let’s Make a Deal!” or Let’s Make a Deal!” or “Sale of the Century!”“Sale of the Century!” By 1800 people began in earnest to By 1800 people began in earnest to

pour into the West.pour into the West. Jefferson the farmer, wanted to insure Jefferson the farmer, wanted to insure

that frontier immigrants had a secure that frontier immigrants had a secure free trade route down the Mississippi.free trade route down the Mississippi.

He knew the importance of having He knew the importance of having outlets for America’s frontier farmers.outlets for America’s frontier farmers.

Jefferson sought to buy New Orleans Jefferson sought to buy New Orleans from France and asked Congress for from France and asked Congress for $9.375 million for the purchase.$9.375 million for the purchase.

““What will you take for What will you take for the whole?”the whole?” Napoleon’s minister Talleyrand offers it all Napoleon’s minister Talleyrand offers it all

to Monroe, New Orleans and the whole to Monroe, New Orleans and the whole Louisiana Territory! For $15 millionLouisiana Territory! For $15 million

Monroe and Robert Livingston knew a deal Monroe and Robert Livingston knew a deal when they saw one and said yes!when they saw one and said yes!

When Gallatin complained about his pledge When Gallatin complained about his pledge to eliminate the national debt, Jefferson to eliminate the national debt, Jefferson retorted:retorted:

……look up from your accountant’s ledgers look up from your accountant’s ledgers long enough to see the boundless western long enough to see the boundless western skies this purchase made possible.”skies this purchase made possible.”

Louisiana Purchase: Louisiana Purchase: ImportanceImportance it averted possible war with France and it averted possible war with France and

entanglement with Britain; entanglement with Britain; it more than doubled the national domain it more than doubled the national domain

and greatly encouraged western settlement; and greatly encouraged western settlement; it removed a major foreign threat from it removed a major foreign threat from

America's borders; America's borders; it established a precedent for the future it established a precedent for the future

acquisition of territories and peoples; and, acquisition of territories and peoples; and, it stimulated American nationalism.it stimulated American nationalism. The journey of Lewis and Clark established The journey of Lewis and Clark established

American claims to Oregon.American claims to Oregon.

““The Corps of Discovery”The Corps of Discovery”

Even before the treaty was approved, Jefferson Even before the treaty was approved, Jefferson was planning and organizing a military expedition was planning and organizing a military expedition to explore, map, and report on the new territory to explore, map, and report on the new territory and its borders.and its borders.

The group would be led by Capt Meriwether Lewis The group would be led by Capt Meriwether Lewis and Capt. William Clarkand Capt. William Clark

York, Clark’s slave was includedYork, Clark’s slave was included In May of 1804, Lewis and Clark and their 25 man In May of 1804, Lewis and Clark and their 25 man

crew departed from St. Louis and headed up the crew departed from St. Louis and headed up the Missouri, bound for the Pacific Ocean Missouri, bound for the Pacific Ocean

Gone 2 ½ years, travel 8000+ milesGone 2 ½ years, travel 8000+ miles September 1806 they returned to St. Louis.September 1806 they returned to St. Louis. One of greatest exploratory adventures in human One of greatest exploratory adventures in human

historyhistory