third year and fourth year - year 2012-2013
TRANSCRIPT
THIRD YEAR (SECOND SEMESTER) YEAR 2012-2013
THIRD YEAR (SECOND SEMESTER)
SI.NO
SUBJECT
CODE COURSE TITLE PERIODS
Conta
ct
Hours
CRED
ITS
L T P
1. 10EC314 ANTENNA AND WAVE
PROPAGATION
3 - 0 3 3
2. 10EC315 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION 3 - 2 5 5
ELECTIVE -3
A 10EC345 MOBILE & CELLULAR COMMUNICATION
4 - - 4 4
B 10EC352 CPLD AND FPGA
ARCHITECTURE 4 - - 4 4
C 10EC330 NEURAL NETWORKS &
FUZZY LOGIC
4 - - 4 4
D 10EC331 MODERN DIGITAL
SIGNAL PROCESSING
4 - - 4 4
E 10EC361 TCP/IP INTERNETWORKING 4 - - 4 4
F 10EC362 HIGH SPEED NETWORKS 4 - - 4 4
ELECTIVE -4
A 10EC341 RF SYSTEM DESIGN 4 - - 4 4
B 10EC354 VLSI SUB SYSTEM DESIGN 4 - - 4 4
C 10EC332 DIGITAL IMAGE
PROCESSING
4 - - 4 4
D 10EC363 NETWORK SECURITY &
CRYPTOGRAPHY
4 - - 4 4
5. 10-OE ELECTIVE(INTER-
DISCIPLINE)
4 - - 4 4
6. 10-HS302 COMMUNICATION & SOFT
SKILLS-II
1 - 2 4 2
7. 10-MP302 MINI PROJECT 0 0 4 3 2
TOTAL 19 - 8 27 24
10EC314 ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION (Prerequisite: Electromagnetic Fields & Waves)
L T P
3 0 0
UNIT 1
RADIATION FIELDS OF WIRE ANTENNAS
Concept of vector potential, Modification for time varying, retarded case. Power radiated and radiation resistance of current element. Radiation resistance of elementary dipole with linear
current distribution, Radiation from Half-wave Dipole & Quarter-wave Monopole, Radiation
Fields, Near and Far fields. (9)
UNIT II
ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS & LOOP ANTENNAS Definitions: Radiation intensity, Directivity, Beam width, Gain and radiation resistance of
current element, Half wave dipole and folded dipole, Main lobe, side lobe level, Null depth,
Front to back Ratio, Figure of Merit, Polarization, Reciprocity Principle, Antenna efficiency,
Effective length and Effective Area, Relation between gain, Effective length and Radiation
Resistance, Relation between Effective Area and Directivity and related problems. (9)
UNIT III ANTENNA ARRAYS AND ANTENNA TYPES
Antenna Arrays: Expression for Electric field from two or three element Arrays, Uniform linear
arrays – BSA, EFA, Directivity of BSA, EFA, Related problems, Principle of Pattern
multiplication, Binomial Arrays.
Antenna Types: Yagi –Uda Antenna, V and Rhombic Antennas, Turnstile antenna, Horn antenna, Slot antenna, Micro strip antenna. (9)
UNIT IV
REFLECTOR AND LENS ANTENNAS
Focusing in paraboloid Reflectors – Geometry, Uniform and tapered illumination, Types of
feeds, Importance of F/D ratio, Cassegrain feed system, Focusing in a lens Antenna – Dielectric
lenses & metal plane Lens Antenna, Lumeberg lens, Plane Reflector, Corner reflector. (9) UNIT V
WAVE PROPAGATION
The three basic types of propagation; ground wave, space wave & sky wave propagation.
Ground wave propagation: Attenuation characteristics for Ground wave Propagation,
Summerfield analysis of Ground wave, Losses due to earth constants.
Space wave propagation: Effect of curvature of an Ideal earth, Atmospheric effects in Space-wave propagation, Radio-Horizon, Duct Propagation, Maximum range of distance for LOS.
Sky Wave Propagation: Structure of Ionospheric Propagation, Gyro frequency, Refraction and
Reflection of sky waves by Ionosphere, Critical frequency, Skip distance, Maximum unable
Frequency, Virtual height.
TEXT BOOKS
1. C.A Balanis, “Antenna Theory”, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd ed., 2001.
2. E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balamain, “Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems”. 2nd ed.,
Pearson Education,
3. G S N Raju, “Antenna and Wave Propagation”, Pearson Education.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. K D Prasad, Satya Prakashan, “Antennas & Wave Propagation”, Tech India Publications,
2. John D Kraus, “Antennas”. 2nd ed., Mc Graw-Hill,1988
3. F.E.Terman , “Radio Engineering”, MC Graw Hill
SIMULATION BOOK
1. Sophocles J. Orfanidis, “ Electromagnetic Waves and Antenna”
10EC315 DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS (Prerequisite: Analog Communications)
L T P
3 0 2
UNIT-1
ELEMENTS OF DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS: Model of Digital Communication Systems, Digital Representation of Analog Signal, Certain Issues in Digital Transmission,
Advantages of Digital Communication Systems, Bandwidth-S/N Tradeoff, Hartley Shanon Law,
Sampling Theorem
PULSE MODULATION: Types of Pulse Modulation, Generation and Demodulation of PAM,
PWM and PPM; TDM, FDM, comparison of pulse modulation techniques, Quantization Process,
Pulse Code Modulation: Encoding, Regeneration Decoding, DELTA MODULATION: Its draw backs, Adaptive delta modulation, comparison of PCM and
DM systems, noise in PCM and DM system, Differential Pulse Code Modulation. (10)
UNIT - II
BASE BAND PULSE TRANSMISSION: Matched filter, Properties, Inter-symbol interference,
Correlative level coding, Ideal Nyquist channel, Raised cosine spectrum, Duo binary signaling, Modified Duo binary signaling. (9)
UNIT III
OPTIMAL RECEPTION OF DIGITAL SIGNAL: Pulse Shaping for Optimum Transmissions, A
Baseband Signal Receiver, Probability of Error, Optimum Receiver, Optimal of Coherent
Reception, Signal Space Representation and Probability of Error, Eye Diagrams, Cross Talk.
(9) UNIT-IV
DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES: Introduction, ASK, FSK, PSK, DPSK, QPSK, M-ary
PSK, ASK, FSK (8)
UNIT-V
DIGITAL PASSBAND TRANSMISSION: Introduction, Pass band transmission model, Gram
Schmidt Orthogonalization procedure, Geometric interpretation of signals, Coherent detection of signals in noise, Probability of error, Correlation receiver, detection ,Coherent BPSK, QPSK,
BFSK, Non Coherent BFSK, DPSK.
(9)
TEXT BOOK
1.Simon Haykin, “Communication Systems’’, John Wiley & Sons, 4th Edition, 2001
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Leon W Couch II, “Digital and Analog Communication Systems”, Pearson, 2004
2. B.P Lathi, “Modern Analog and Digital Communication”, 3rd edition, Oxford Press.
3. John G. Proakis & Masoud Salehi, “Communications System Engineering”, 2nd edition,
Pearson education
SIMULATION BOOK
1.Paul Tobin, “Pspice for Digital Communications Engineering”, Morgan & Clay Pool, 2007.
2.Cory L Clark,” Labview Digital Signal Processing and Digital Communications”, McGraw Hill.
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION LAB
PART A HARDWARE
1. Carrier modulation techniques. (ASK, PSK, FSK) 2. Analog sampling and reconstruction techniques.
3. Generation and detection of TDM.
4. Generation and Detection of PCM
5. Pulse modulation and demodulation techniques
6. Delta Modulation and Demodulation.
PART B SIMULATION USING MATLAB 2011a/NI LABVIEW 2010/VisSim Comm
1. PCM with sampling, Uniform quantization & Uni-polar RZ encoding.
2. PCM with sampling, A - law encoding.
3. PCM with sampling, u -law encoding.
4. S/N for PCM u -law encoding. 5. Simulation of delta modulation.
6. Linear delta modulation for Sine wave.
7. Simulation of adaptive Delta modulation.
8. Simulation of sigma Delta modulation.
9. Simulation of PSK/FSK
10. Simulation of DPCM.
Note: Five Experiments must be chosen from each Part
SIMULATION BOOKS
1.Paul Tobin, “Pspice for Digital Communications Engineering”, Morgan & Clay Pool, 2007.
2.Cory L Clark,” Labview Digital Signal Processing and Digital Communications”, McGraw Hill.
3.John G. Proakis & Masoud Salehi, “Contemporary Communications Systems using Matlab”, PWS publishing.
10-MP302 MINI PROJECT
L T P
0 0 4
10EC345 MOBILE & CELLULAR COMMUNICATION
(Prerequisite: Digital Communications) L T P
4 0 0
UNIT – I Introduction to Mobile Communication
Evolution of Mobile Radio Communication, Examples of Wireless Communication Systems,
Cellular telephone Systems. Modern wireless communications: 2G cellular, 3G wireless networks.
Cellular concept: frequency reuse, Channel Assignment strategies, Hand off strategies,
Interference and system capacity, improving coverage and capacity in cellular systems. (9)
UNIT – II Mobile Radio Propagation
Large Scale Fading: Free space propagation model: Three basic propagation mechanisms:
Reflection, diffraction, scattering. Small Scale Fading: Multipath Propagation, Types of small scale fading, Parameters of Mobile
Multipath channels, fading effects due to multipath delay Spread and Doppler spread,
Statistical models for multipath fading channels. (9)
UNIT – III Receiver Modelling
Equalization: Fundamentals of Equalizers, Linear equalizers, nonlinear equalizers, Decision feedback equalizers, MLSE, Algorithms for adaptive equalization.
Diversity Techniques: Space diversity: MRC, EGC selection diversity, Polarization diversity,
Frequency diversity, Time diversity, Rake receiver. (9)
UNIT – IV Wireless Systems and Standards
Multiple Access Techniques: TDMA, FDMA, Spread Spectrum Techniques.
GSM: Services, Features, Architecture, channel types, Frame Structure, CDMA Digital cellular Standards IS-95. (9)
UNIT – V OFDM for Wireless Communications
Basic OFDM: FFT Implementation, Cyclic Extension, Power Spectrum, and Efficiency,
Comparison with Single-Carrier, Design Example, Baseband versus Passband.
Impairments of Wireless Channels to OFDM Signals: Time-Varying Impairments, Effect of Sampling Clock Offset, Effect of Timing Offset, Effect of Delay Spread, System Nonlinearity.
(9)
TEXT BOOKS
1.Theodore S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications Principles and Practice, 2nd
Edition, Pearson Education, 2003.
2.Ye (Geoffrey) Li, Gordon Stuber, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing for Wireless Communications, Springer, 2006
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. W. C. Y. Lee, Mobile Cellular Communications, 2nd Edition, MC Graw Hill, 1995.
2. Kamilo Feher, Wireless Digital Communications, PHI, 2003 3. Andrea Goldsmith, Wireless Communications, Cambridge University Press, 2005
4. Simon r. Saunders, Alejandro Aragon Zavala, Antennas and Propagation for Wireless
Communication Systems, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Son, 2007
10EC352 CPLD AND FPGA ARCHITECTURE
(Prerequisite: Digital Logic Design) L T P
4 0 0
UNIT – I
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC: Read Only Memory (ROM), PROM, Programmable Logic Array
(PLA)/Programmable Array Logic (PAL). Combinational circuit realization using ROM, PROM .
(9). UNIT – II
CPLDs : Sequential PLDs. PGAs – Features, Programming and applications using CPLDs,-
Altera series – Max 5000/7000 Series and ALTERA FLEX Logic – 10000 Series CPLDs. AMD’s –
CPLD (Mach 1 to 5); (9)
UNIT - III
FPGAs: Logic blocks, routing architecture, Design flow, Technology Mapping for FPGAs, Case studies – Xilinx XC4000 & ALTERA’s FLEX 8000/10000 FPGAs (9)
UNIT - IV
DESIGN TECHNIQUES, RULES, AND VERIFICATION: Objectives, Hardware Description
Languages, Top-Down Design, Synchronous Design, Floating Nodes, Bus Connection, Design
for Test, and Testing Redundant Logic, What is Verification? Simulation, Static Timing Analysis, Assertion Languages & Formal Verification. (9)
UNIT - V
ELECTRONIC DESIGN AUTOMATION TOOLS: Objectives, Simulation Software, Test Bench
Generators, In situ Tools, Synthesis Software, Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG). Scan
Insertion Software, Built-In Self-Test (BIST) Generators, Static Timing Analysis Software,
Formal Verification Software, Place and Routing Software, Programming Tools. (9)
TEXT BOOKS:
1.Michael D.Celetti “Advanced Digital Design with the Verilog HDL” Prentice Hall.
2.Bob Zeidman “Designing with FPGAs & CPLDs” Focal Press, 2002
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1.Charles H.Roth Jr “Digital System Design using VHDL” Thomson, 2008
2.Stephen Brown Zvonko Vranesic “Fundamentals of Digital Logic with VHDL Design”
McGraw-Hill, 2008
3.Dueck “Digital Design with CPLD Applications and VHDL” Thomson
4.John F Wakerly “Digital Design Principles & Practices” Prentice Hall, 2001.
10EC330 NEURAL NETWORKS & FUZZY LOGIC (Prerequisite: Nil)
L T P
4 0 0
UNIT – I
INTRODUCTION & SIMPLE NEURAL NETWORKS FOR PATTERN CLASSIFICATIONS
Introduction, Artificial Neural Networks, Historical Development of Neural Networks, Network Architecture, setting the weights, Activation functions, Learning Methods.
PERCEPTION: Architecture, Algorithm, Applications
ADALINE: Architecture, Algorithm, Applications, Mada Line (9)
UNIT – II
BACK PROPAGATION NEURAL NET Standard Back Propagation: Architecture, Algorithm, Applications
NEURAL NETWORK BASED ON COMPETITION
Fixed weight Competitive Nets: Maxnet, Mexican Hat, Hamming Net, Kohenen Self Organizing
Maps. (9)
UNIT – III
PATTERN ASSOCIATION Training Algorithm for pattern Association, Hetro Associative Memory Neural Network, Auto
Associative Net,
BAM: Architecture, Algorithm, Applications, Analysis
ADAPTIVE RESONANCE THEORY
Introduction: Basic Architecture, Basic Operation ART1, ART2: Architecture, Algorithm, Applications, Analysis
Boltzman Machine, Neocognitron: Architecture, Algorithm (9)
UNIT – IV
CRISP OR FUZZY LOGIC
Fuzzy sets: Fuzzy number, numbers, alpha – cuts inqualities, discrete Fuzzy sets
Fuzzy Arithmetic: Extension principle, interval arithmetic, Fuzzy arithmetic. Fuzzy functions: Extension principle (9)
UNIT – V
7. FUZZY PROBABILITY THEORY
Introduction, Fuzzy probability, Fuzzy conditional probability, Fuzzy independence, Fuzzy
Bayes formula. (9)
TEXT BOOKS
1.Laurene Fausett, “Fundamental of Neural Networks”, Pearson education
2.James Buckley, “Fuzzy probabilities”, Springer
REFERENCES BOOKS 1.Simon Haykin, “Neural Networks”, Pearson Education
2.P.D Wasserman, “Neural Computing Theory and Practice”, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New
York, 1989.
3.Freeman J.A. and Skapura B.M., “Neural Networks, Algorithms Applications and
Programming Techniques”, Addison-Wesely,1990.
4.Martin T Hagan,H B Demuth, M Beale, ”Neural Network Design, PWS Publishing,1996
SIMULATION BOOKS
1.S.N.Sivanandam, S.Sumathi & S.N.Deepa “ Introduction to Neural Networks using Matlab,“
MC Graw Hill, 2005.
2.S.N.Sivanandam, S.Sumathi & S.N.Deepa“ Introduction to Fuzzy Logic using Matlab,
Springers,2007.
10EC331 MODERN DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING (Prerequisite: Digital Signal Processing)
L T P
4 0 0
UNIT – I
MULTIRATE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING: Decimation by an factor D- Interpolation by a
Factor I - Sampling Rate Conversion by a Rational Factor I/D Filter Design and Implementation for sampling rate Conversion: Direct form FIR filter structures – Poly-phase filter structures -
Time Variant filter structure, Multistage Implementation of Sampling Rate Conversion-
Applications of Multi-rate Signal Processing: Design of phase shifters – interfacing of Digital
Systems with different sampling rates- Narrow band low pass filters – Digital filter banks – Sub
band coding of speech signal (10) UNIT – II
PARAMETRIC METHOD OF POWER SPECTRUM ESTIMATION: Parametric Methods for
power spectrum estimation, Relationship between Auto-Correlation and Model Parameters, AR
(Auto-Regressive) Process and Linear Prediction, Yule-Walker, Burg and Unconstrained Least
Squares Methods, Sequential Estimation, Moving Average (MA) and ARMA Models, Minimum
variance spectral estimation, Pisarenko Harmonic Decomposition Methods, MUSIC algorithm. (10)
UNIT – III
FINITE WORD LENGTH EFFECTS: Limit cycles, Overflow Oscillations, Round-off Noise in IIR
Digital Filters, Computational Output Round Off Noise, Methods to Prevent Overflow, Trade Off
Between Round Off and Overflow Noise, Measurement of Coefficient Quantization Effects through Pole-Zero Movement, Dead Band Effects. (9)
UNIT – IV
DFT FILTER BANKS AND TRANS MULTIPLIERS :DFT Filter Banks , maximally Decemated
DFT Filter Banks, trans-multiplexer UNIT – V (8)
MAXIMALLY DECEMATED FILTER BANKS :Vector spaces, two channel perfect
reconstruction conditions, lattice implementation of orthonormal filter banks. (8)
TEXT BOOKS:
1 Roberto cristi, “Modern Digital Signal Processing “, Thomson Learning
2 Proakis JG and Manolakis DG,”Digital Signal Processing Principles, Algorithms and
Application”, Pearson Education.
REFERENCES
1.Openheim AV & Schafer RW, “Discrete Time Signal Processing”, Pearson Education, Asia.
2.Raghuveer M. Rao, Ajit S Bopardikar,” Wavelet Transform, Introduction to Theory and
Applications”, Pearson Education, Asia 200.
3.Orfanadis S, “Introduction to Digital Signal Processing”, Pearson Education,
4.Sanjit K.Mitra , “DSP computer Based Approach “ 2nd Edition, MC Graw Hill 5.Hams Georg stark “Wavelet & Signal Processing”, Springer, 2005.
SIMULATION TEXT BOOKS
1.Samuel D Stearns, “Digital Signal Processing with examples in Matlab“, CRC Press, 2000.
2.ES Gopi. “Algorithm collections for Digital Signal Processing Applications using Matlab “, Springer, 2007.
3.Taan S.Elali, “Discrete Systems and Digital Signal Processing with Matlab”, CRC Press,2005.
10EC361 TCP/IP INTERNETWORKING
(Prerequisite: Computer Networks) L T P
4 0 0
UNIT I:
NETWORK MODELS: Layered Tasks, The OSI Model, Layers in OSI Model, TCP/IP Protocol
Suite, Addressing.
CONNECTING DEVICES: Passive Hubs, Repeaters, Active Hubs, Bridges, Two Layer Switches, Routers, Three Layer Switches, Gateway, Backbone Networks. (9)
UNIT II:
INTERNETWORKING CONCEPTS: Principles of Internetworking, Connectionless
Interconnection, Application Level Interconnection, Network Level Interconnection, Properties
of the Internet, Internet Architecture, Interconnection through IP Routers
TCP, UDP & IP: TCP Services, TCP Features, Segment, A TCP Connection, Flow Control, Error Control, Congestion Control, Process to Process Communication, User Datagram, Checksum,
UDP Operation, IP Datagram, Fragmentation, Options, IP Addressing: Classful Addressing,
IPV6. (9)
UNIT III:
CONGESTION AND QUALITY OF SERVICE: Data Traffic, Congestion, Congestion Control, Congestion Control in TCP, Congestion Control in Frame Relay, Source Based Congestion
Avoidance, DEC Bit Scheme, Quality of Service, Techniques to Improve QoS: Scheduling,
Traffic Shaping, Admission Control, Resource Reservation, Integrated Services and
Differentiated Services. (9)
UNIT IV:
QUEUE MANAGEMENT: Concepts of Buffer Management, Drop Tail, Drop Front, Random Drop, Passive Buffer Management Schemes, Drawbacks of PQM, Active Queue Management:
Early Random Drop, RED Algorithm. (9)
UNIT V:
STREAM CONTROL TRANSMISSION PROTOCOL: SCTP Services, SCTP Features, Packet
Format, Flow Control, Error Control, Congestion Control. Mobile Network Layer: Entities and Terminology, IP Packet Delivery, Agents, Addressing,
Agent Discovery, Registration, Tunneling and Encapsulating, Inefficiency in Mobile IP.
Mobile Transport Layer : Classical TCP Improvements, Indirect TCP, Snooping TCP, Mobile
TCP, Fast Retransmit/ Fast Recovery, Transmission, Timeout Freezing, Selective
Retransmission, Transaction Oriented TCP. (9)
TEXT BOOKS
1. TCP/IP Protocol Suite: Behrouz A Forouzan, TMH, 3rd Edition
2. Data Communication & Networking: B.A. Forouzan, TMH, 4th Edition.
REFERENCES BOOKS 1. High performance TCP/IP Networking -- Mahbub Hasan & Raj Jain PHI -2005
2. Internetworking with TCP/IP -- Douglas. E.Comer, Volume I PHI
3. Computer Networks-Larry L. Perterson and Bruce S. Davie
4. Mobile communications , Jochen schiiler, Pearson , Second Edition
10EC362 HIGH SPEED NETWORKS (Prerequisite Computer Networks)
L T P
4 0 0
UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION: A Brief Networking History, The Need for Speed & Quality of service,
Advanced TCP/IP & ATM Networks. Protocols & the TCP/IP suite: The Need for protocol Architecture, The TCP/IP protocol
Architecture, The OSI Model, Internetworking.
TCP & IP: Transmission Control Protocol, User Datagram Protocol, The Internet Protocol,
IPV6. [9]
UNIT-II Frame Relay: Packet-Switching Networks, Frame Relay Networks.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode: ATM protocol Architecture, ATM Logical connections, ATM
cells, ATM service categories, ATM Adaptation Layer.
High speed LANs: The Emergence of High sped LANs, Ethernet, Fiber Channel, Wireless LANs.
[9]
UNIT-III Queuing Analysis: How Queues behave, Why Queuing Analysis, Queuing Models, Single
Server Queues, Multiserver Queues, Examples, Queues with priorities, Networks of Queues,
Other Queuing Models, Estimating Model parameters.
Self Similar Traffic: Self Similarity, Self Similar Data Traffic, Examples of Self Similar Data
Traffic, Performance Implications of Self Similarity, Modeling & Estimation of Self Similar Data Traffic. [9]
UNIT-IV
Congestion Control in Data Networks & Internets: Effects of Congestion, Congestion &
control, Traffic Management, Congestion Control in Packet Switching Networks, Frame Relay
Congestion Control.
Link Level Flow & Error Control: The Need of Flow & Error Control, Link Control Mechanisms, ARQ Performance.
TCP Traffic Control: TCP Flow Control, TCP Congestion Control, Performance of TCP over
ATM.
Traffic & Congestion Control in ATM Networks: Requirements for ATM Traffic & Congestion
Control, ATM Traffic related Attributes, Traffic Management Frame Work, Traffic Control, ABR
Traffic Management, GFR Traffic Management. [9] UNIT-V:
Interior Routing Protocols: Internet Routing Principles, Distance vector Protocol, Link state
Protocol.Quality of service in IP networks, Integrated and differentiated services
Exterior Routing Protocols & Multicast: Path Vector Protocols-BGP and IDRP Multicasting
[9] TEXT BOOKS:
1.High Speed Networks & Internet Performance & Quality of Service, William Stallings, 2/E
Pearson.,2002
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1.Markus Hofmann and Leland Beaumont Content Networking Architecture, Protocols, and Practice Morgan Kaufmann Pub,2005
2.Adrian Farrel The Internet and Its Protocols A comparative Approach Elsevier Inc,2005
10EC341 RF SYSTEM DESIGN (Prerequisite: Electromagnetic Fields & Waves)
L T P
4 0 0
UNIT I:
INTRODUCTION: Importance of RF Design-Dimensions and Units-Frequency Spectrum-RF Behaviour of Passive
Components: High Frequency Resistors, High Frequency Capacitors, High Frequency
Inductors.-Chip Components and Circuit Board Considerations: Chip Resistors, Chip
Capacitors, and Surface Mount Inductors.
REVIEW OF TRANSMISSION LINES: Types of Transmission Lines-Equivalent Circuit representation-R, L, C, G parameters of Different Line configurations-Terminated Lossless
Transmission Lines-Special Terminations: Short Circuit, Open Circuit and Quarter Wave
Transmission Lines- Sourced and Loaded Transmission Lines: Power Considerations, Input
Impedance Matching, Return Loss and Insertion Loss. (9)
UNIT II:
SINGLE AND MULTI-PORT NETWORKS: The Smith Chart: Reflection Coefficient, Normalized Impedance-Impedance Transformation:
Standing wave Ratio, Special Transformation Conditions-Admittance Transformation-Parallel
and Series RL & RC Connections-Basic Definitions of Single and Multi-Port Networks-
Interconnecting Networks.
RF FILTER DESIGN: Scattering Parameters: Definition, Meaning, Chain Scattering Matrix, Conversion Between S-
and Z-parameters, Signal Flow Chart Modeling, Generalization-Basic Resonator and Filter
Configurations: Low Pass, High Pass, Band Pass and Band Stop type Filters-Filter
Implementation using Unit Element and Kuroda's Identities Transformations-Coupled Filters.
(9)
UNIT III: ACTIVE RF COMPONENT MODELLING:
RF Diode Models: Nonlinear and Linear Models-Transistor Models: Large Signal and Small
Signal BJT Models, Large Signal and Small Signal FET Models- Scattering Parameter, Device
Characterization. (9)
UNIT IV: MATCHING AND BIASING NETWORKS:
Impedance Matching Using Discrete Components: Two Component Matching Networks,
Forbidden Regions, Frequency Response and Quality Factor, T and Pi Matching Networks-
Amplifier Classes of Operation and Biasing Networks: Classes of Operation and Efficiency of
Amplifiers, Biasing Networks for BJT, Biasing Networks for FET. (9)
(PTO)
UNIT V:
RF TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER DESIGN:
Characteristics of Amplifiers- Amplifier Power Relations: RF Source, Transducer Power Gain, Additional Power Relations-Stability Considerations: Stability Circles, Unconditional Stability,
And Stabilization Methods-Unilateral and Bilateral Design for Constant Gain- Noise Figure
Circles- Constant VSWR Circles.
RF OSCILLATORS AND MIXERS: Basic Oscillator Model: Negative Resistance Oscillator,
Feedback Oscillator Design, Design steps, Quartz Oscillators- Fixed Frequency High Frequency
Oscillator -Basic Characteristics of Mixers: Concepts, Frequency Domain Considerations, Single Ended Mixer Design, Single and Double Balanced Mixers.
(9)
TEXT BOOKS
1.Reinhold Ludwig and Powel Bretchko,” RF Circuit Design – Theory and Applications”,
Pearson Education Asia, First Edition.
2.Joseph . J. Carr, “Secrets of RF Circuit Design”, McGraw Hill Publishers, Third Edition.
REFERENCES
1.Mathew M. Radmanesh, “Radio Frequency & Microwave Electronics”, Pearson Education
Asia, Second Edition, 2002.
2.Ulrich L. Rohde and David P. New Kirk, “RF / Microwave Circuit Design”, John Wiley & Sons
USA, 2000.
3.Roland E. Best, “Phase - Locked Loops: Design, simulation and applications”, McGraw Hill
Publishers 5TH edition 2003.
4..Devendra K.Misra ,”Radio Frequency and Microwave Communication Circuits – Analysis and
Design “John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
10EC332 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING (Prerequisite: Digital Signal Processing)
L T P
4 0 0
UNIT - I
INTRODUCTION
Origin of Digital Image Processing, Fields that uses Digital Image Processing, Fundamental steps in Digital Image Processing, Components of an Image Processing System.
DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTLS: Elements of Visual perception, Image sampling and
Quantization, Basic relationships between Pixels, Linear and Non-linear operations. (9)
UNIT - II
DIGITAL IMAGE TRANSFORMS Image Transforms – The Discrete Fourier Transform, Walsh, Hadamard, Discrete Cosine
Transform, Haar Transform, The Slant Transform, (9)
UNIT - III
IMAGE ENHANCEMENT IN SPATIAL DOMAIN
Some basic Grey level transformations, histogram processing, enhancement using
Arithmetic/Logic operations, Smoothing Spatial Filters, Sharpening Spatial Filters. IMAGE ENHANCEMENT IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN
Introduction to Fourier Transform and the Frequency Domain, Smoothing Frequency Domain
Filters, Sharpening Frequency Domain Filters. (9)
UNIT - IV
IMAGE RESTORATION Noise models, Restoration in the presence of Noise, only Spatial Filtering, Periodic Noise
reduction by Frequency Domain Filtering, Linear, Position-Invariant Degradations, Inverse
Filtering, Wiener Filtering.
IMAGE COMPRESSION: Fundamentals – Image Compression models – Error Free
Compression, Lossy Compression. (9)
UNIT - V IMAGE SEGMENTATION:
Detection of discontinuities, Thresholding, Edge based Segmentation and Region based
Segmentation.
IMAGE REPRESENTATIONS AND DESCRIPTION
Representation schemes, Boundary Descriptors, Regional Descriptors. (9)
TEXT BOOKS
1.Rafael C Gonzalez, Richard E Woods,” Digital Image Processing”, Second Edition, Pearson
Education Asia, 2002. (Chapter 3)
2.Gonzalez. R & Woods B.E.,” Digital Image Processing”, Addison Wesley Longman Pearson
Education, 2000. (Chapter 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
REFERENCE BOOKS
1.Milan Sonka, Vaclav Hlavac and Roger Boyle, Image Processing Analysis and Machine Vision,
Thomson learning, Second Edition, 2001.
2.William J Prati, “Digital Image Processing”, John Wiley & sons
10EC354 VLSI SUB SYSTEM DESIGN (Prerequisite: VLSI Design)
L T P
4 0 0
UNIT I
DESIGN METHODOLOGY: Structured design strategies; Hierarchy; PLAs; Standard-cell
Design; Full-custom Design; Physical Design Styles; Design Economics. (8) UNIT II
DATAPATH SUBSYSTEMS: Adders; Comparators; Counters; Shifters; Multipliers; Power and
Speed Trade-off. (9)
UNIT III
MEMORY AND ARRAY SUBSYSTEMS: SRAM, DRAM, ROM, Registers, Queues, PLAs; Memory Peripherals; Reliability; Power dissipation in Memories. (9)
UNIT IV
INTERCONNECT: Transmission lines; RC delay models; Capacitive parasitics; Resistive
parasitics; Crosstalk; Advanced Interconnect Techniques.
TIMING: Timing classification; Timing Issues; Synchronous design; Self-timed circuit design;
Power distribution. (9) UNIT V
CLOCK: Arbiters; Clock Synthesis; PLLs; Clock generation; Clock distribution; Synchronous Vs
Asynchronous Design.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES: Custom Arrays; Semicustom and Structured Arrays;
Custom circuit Design; Cell-based design methodology; Implementation platform. (10)
TEXT-BOOK:
1.Neil Weste and K. Eshragian, “Principles of CMOS VLSI Design: A System Perspective”
Person Education
REFERENCE BOOKS: 1.Jan M. Rabaey, “Digital Integrated Circuits”; Pearson Education, 2003
2.Wayne Wolf, “Modern VLSI Design System on Silicon” 2nd ed. Person Education
10EC363 NETWORK SECURITY & CRYPTOGRAPHY (Prerequisite Computer Networks)
L T P
4 0 0
UNIT I
OVERVIEW: Services, Mechanisms & Attacks, The OSI security Architecture, A Model for
Network Security. CLASSICAL ENCRYPTION TECHNIQUES: Symmetric Cipher model,Substitution
Techniques, Transposition Techniques, Rotor machines, Steganography.
BLOCK CIPHERS & THE DATA ENCRYPTION STANDARD: DES, Differential and Linear
Cyptanalysis, Block Cipher Modes of Operations.
ADVANCED ENCRYPTION STANDARD: Evaluation Criteria, AES Cipher. (9)
UNIT II
Contemporary Symmetric Ciphers: Triples DES, Blowfish, RC5, Characteristics of
Advanced Symmetric Block Ciphers.
Introduction to Number Theory: Fermat’s and Euler’s Theorems.
PUBLIC-KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY & RSA: principles of Public Key Cryptosystems. RSAAlgorithm. (9)
UNIT III
KEY MANAGEMENT: Deffie-Hellman Key Exchange, Elliptic Curve Arithmetic and
Cryptography. Message Authentication & Hash functions: Authentication
Requirements, Authentication Functions, Message Authentication Codes, hash Functions.
HASH ALGORITHMS: MD5 Message Digest Algorithm, Secure hash Algorithm.
(9)
UNIT IV:
DIGITAL SIGNATURES & AUTHENTICATION: Digital Signatures, Authentication Protocols,
Digital Signature Standards. AUTHENTICATION APPLICATIONS: Kerberos, X.509 Authentication Service.
ELECTRONIC MAIL SECURITY: Pretty Good Privacy, S/MIME. (9)
UNIT V:
IPSECURITY, WEB SECURITY: Overview, Architecture, Authentication Header,
Encapsulating Security Payload, Combining Security Associations, Key Management. Firewalls: Firewall Design Principles, Trusted Systems. (9)
TEXT BOOK
1. William Stallings; “Cryptography and Network Security”, Third Edition, Pearson Education
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Kahate; “Cryptography and Network Security”,PHI
2. Charlie Kaufman, Radia Perlman, Mike Speciner; “Network Security “; 2nd Edition,
FOURTH YEAR
YEAR -2012-2013
IV/IV B.TECH(ECE), 2nd SEMESTER COURSE STRUCTURE
S.NO
SUBJECT
CODE
COURSE TITLE PERIODS
CO
NT
AC
T
HO
UR
S
CRE
DITS
L T P
1. 09-EC416
(Core Subject)
MICROWAVE
ENGINEERING
3 1 2 6 5
2. 09-EC417
(Core Subject)
OPTICAL
COMMUNICATION
3 1 2 6 5
ELECTIVE-5
09-EC432 DIGITAL IMAGE
PROCESSING
4 - - 4 4
09-EC455 DESIGN FOR
TESTABILITY
4 - - 4 4
09-EC444 RADAR AND
NAVIGATIONAL AIDS
4 - - 4 4
09-EC447 SATELLITE
COMMUNICATION
4 - - 4 4
4. 09- MANAGEMENT ELECTIVE 4 - - 4 4
TOTAL 22 2 4 23
09-EC416 MICROWAVE ENGINEERING (Prerequisite: Electromagnetic Fields & Waves)
L T P
3 1 2
UNIT –I INTRODUCTION: Limitations of Conventional tubes at Microwave frequencies,
Klystron: Velocity – modulation process. Bunching process, output power and beam loading,
Multicavity Klystron amplifiers: beam current density, output current and output power of two cavity Klystron, reflex Klystron, Velocity modulation, Power output and efficiency.
(10)
UNIT –II MICROWAVE TUBES: Traveling Wave tubes, Microwave crossed field tubes:
Cylindrical Magnetron, CFA and BWO (Qualitative analysis only).
(8) UNIT – III
MICROWAVE PASSIVE COMPONENTS: Wave guide bends and twists, wave guide Tees, Tee
junction parameters, fields and currents in tee junctions, theorems on Tee junctions, shunt or
H-plane tee, series of E-plane Tee, Equivalent circuit of magic tee, applications of magic tee.
Directional couplers, coupler parameters, directional couplers in use, applications of
directional couplers, Ferrite Devices, Faraday Rotation Isolator, Circulator, Gyrator (elementary principles only), Attenuators, microwave resonators, rectangular and cylindrical cavity
resonators.
(9)
UNIT-1V
MICROWAVE SOLID-STATE DEVICES: Microwave tunnel diode, Avalanche transit time diodes: Read diode, IMPATT diode, TRAPATT diode, Gunn Effect diodes and modes of operation,
BARITT Diode, Strip and Microstrip
(8)
UNIT-V
MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS: Scattering Matrix–Significance, Formulation and Properties,
S Matrix Calculations for – 2 port Junctions, E plane and H plane Tees, Magic Tee, Circulator and Isolator, Illustrative Problems. Description of Microwave Bench – Different Blocks and their
Features, Errors and Precautions, Microwave Power Measurement, Bolometers Measurement of
Attenuation, Frequency Standing Wave Measurements –Measurement of Low and High VSWR,
Cavity Q, Impedance Measurements.
(10)
TEXT BOOKS 1.GSN Raju,” Microwave Engineering”, IK International Publications
2.Samuel Y Liao,” Microwave Devices and Circuits” Pearson Education
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. ML Sisodia & GS Raghuvamshi, “Microwave Circuits and Passive Devices”. 2. RE Collin, “Foundations for Microwave Engineering”, IEEE Press Series, 2003
3. Mathew. R. Radmanesh, “RF & Microwave Engineering”,PHI-2001
4. David M. Pozar, “Microwave and RF Design of Wireless systems” , John Willey
5. Peter A. Rizzi,” Microwave Engineering Passive Circuits,”PHI
MICROWAVE LAB
Microwave Experiments:
1. Measurement of Gain of an Waveguide Horn Antenna
2. Measurement of low VSWR using Microwave Bench.
3. Measurement of high VSWR using Microwave Bench
4. Verification of the Expression 222 111 cgo
5. Measurements of unknown impedance using Microwave Bench. 6. Determination of radiation pattern of an waveguide horn antenna
7.Determination of a given Directional Coupler characteristics
09-EC417 OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS (Prerequisite: Electromagnetic Fields & Waves)
L T P
3 1 2
UNIT – I
INTRODUCTION: Historical development, Elements of an Optical Fiber transmission link. Advantages of Optical Fibers, Applications of Optical Fiber, Ray Theory Transmission, Total
internal reflection, Acceptance angle, Critical Angle, Numerical Aperture, Fiber types: Step
Index, Graded Index: Modes of Propagation: single mode and multimode fibers, fiber materials,
Fiber Fabrication (9)
UNIT – II TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF OPTICAL FIBERS: Attenuation, absorption,
scattering and bending losses in fibers, Dispersion: Inter-model and intra-model.
FIBER OPTIC COMPONENTS. splicing, connectors, connection losses, Fiber Optic couplers,
Fiber Optic Switches (9)
UNIT – III
OPTICAL SOURCES AND DETECTORS LED’S: Principles of Light Emission, Light Emitting Diodes: Simple structure and
characteristics
LASER: Principle, Simple structures and its characteristics.
DETECTORS: Principles of photo detection. PIN Photodiode, Avalanche Photodiode and their
characteristics, Noise sources (9)
UNIT – IV
OPTICAL FIBER SYSTEMS: Optical Transmitter Circuits, Optical Receiver Circuit, Digital
System planning considerations, Advanced Multiplexing Strategies, Optical power budgeting.
(9)
UNIT – V
OPTICAL FIBER MEASUREMENTS: Numerical Aperture, attenuation, refractive index,
cutback and OTDR. Advanced Optical Systems And Fiber Measurements: Fiber Optic LAN’s,
FDDI, Feature Concepts,
(9)
TEXT BOOKS 1. Keiser G,” Optical Fiber Communication”, McGraw-Hill
2. John M Senior, ”Optical Fiber Communications: Principles and Practice”, 2nd Edition, PHI.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1.J C Palais ,” Fiber Optic Communications”, 2nd Edition, PHI 2.W. Tomasi ,” Advanced Electronic Communication Systems”, PHI
OPTICAL COMMUNICATION LAB
Fiber Optics Experiments:
1. Fiber Optics Cable: Numerical Aperture Measurements
2. Measurement of Coupling and Bending Losses of a Fiber
3. Analog Link Setup using a Fiber 4. Digital Link Setup using a Fiber
5. Setup of Time Division Multiplexing using Fiber Optics
6. Characteristics of Light Sources / Detectors
7. Study of pulse amplitude modulation using fiber optics.
8. Study of pulse width modulation using fiber optics
9. Study of Pulse Position Modulation using Fiber optics
09EC444 RADAR AND NAVIGATIONAL AIDS (Prerequisite: Microwave Engineering)
L T P
4 0 0
UNIT – I:
INTRODUCTION, Basic Radar , Advantage of Basic Radar, Block Diagram of Pulse Radar,
simple form of Radar equation, Detection of signals in noise, Receiver noise and signal to noise ratio, integration of Radar pulses, RCS: RCS of simple targets, RCS of multiple targets, PRF
and Range Ambiguities, Doppler Effect, Limitations of CW Radar, FMCW Radar, Altimeter.
(9)
UNIT – II:
MTI RADAR, Delay line cancellers: Frequency response of single delay line cancellers, Clutter Attenuation, MTI improvement factor, N-pulse delay line canceller, Non recursive and
Recursive filters, staggered PRF, Doppler filter banks
TRACKING:Types of tracking Radar Systems, Sequential Lobing Radar, Conical Scan and
Mono pulse Tracking Radar (9)
UNIT – III:
Super heterodyne Receiver, Types of Duplexers and receiver protectors, types of Displays, Radomes.
ELECTRONIC WARFARE: Objectives an definitions, Noise jamming, Types of Electronic
counter measures and Electronic counter to counter measures, Stealth applications.
(9)
UNIT – IV Elementary ideas of Navigational Aids, DME, VOR, DVOR, TACAN ,ILS, MLS, GPS, Automatic
Direction Finder, Hyperbolic Navigational (LORAN,DECA,OMEGA) (9)
UNIT V
RADAR STUDIES OF THE ATMOSPHERE: Introduction, MST radar, Scattering Mechanism,
Meteor Wind Radar, Over The Horizon Radar: Introduction, Surface Wave Radar, Sky wave
Radar, The Over-The-Horizon Radar Equation (9)
TEXT BOOKS:
1.Merrill I Skolnik, “ Introduction to Radar Systems”, 3rd Edition, TMH, 2003
2. GSN Raju,”Radar Engineering and Fundamentals of Navigational Aids”, I K International
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Peyton Z Peebles Jr, “Radar Principles”, John Wiley Inc., 2004
2. Hamish Meikie,” Modern Radar Systems”, Artech House
3. AK Sen and Dr AB Bhattacharya, “Radar Systems and Radio Aids to Navigation”
SIMULATION BOOK 1. Bassem R.Mahafza “Radar systems Analysis and design using Matlab” Chapman & Hall
09EC455 DESIGN FOR TESTABILITY L T P
4 0 0
UNIT I BASIC CONCEPTS
Reliability Concepts, Failure and Faults, Reliability and Failure rate, Relation between
Reliability and Meantime between failure, Maintainability and Availability, Reliability of series,
Parallel and Parallel-Series combinational circuits. (9)
UNIT II FAULT DIAGNOSIS AND TOLERANCE Fault Classes and Models, Fault Diagnosis and Testing, Test Generation, Fault Table Method,
Path-Sensitization Method, Kohavi Algorithm, Fault-Tolerance Techniques, Fault-Tolerance
VLSI Processor Arrays. (9)
UNIT III DESIGN FOR TESTABILITY
Basic concepts of Testability-Controllability and Observability, Reed Muller’s Expansion
technique, OR-AND-OR Design, PLA Minimization, Faults in PLAs. (9) UNIT IV BUILT-IN SELF TEST
BIST Concepts - Test Pattern Generation for BIST – Specific BIST Architectures –
CSBL,BEST,RTS,LOCST,STUMPS,CBIST,CEBS,RTD,SST,CATS,Memory Test architecture. (9)
UNIT V FAULT DIAGNOSIS
Logic Level Diagnosis - Diagnosis by UUT reduction - Fault Diagnosis for Combinational Circuits - System Level Diagnosis. (9)
TEXT BOOKS
1. Parag K. Lala, "Digital Circuit Testing and Testability", Prentice-Hall.
2. Nripendra N.Biswas,”LOGIC DESIGN THEORY”, Prentice-Hall.
REFERENCES
1.M. Abramovici, M.A. Breuer and A.D. Friedman, "Digital Systems and Testable Design", Jaico
Publishing House, 2002.
2. M.L. Bushnell and V.D. Agrawal, "Essentials of Electronic Testing for Digital, Memory and
Mixed-Signal VLSI Circuits", Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002. 3.A.L. Crouch, "Design Test for Digital IC's and Embedded Core Systems", Prentice-Hall
International, 2002.
09EC447 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION (Prerequisite: Digital Communications)
L T P
4 0 0
UNIT I
INTRODUCTION: Basic Concepts of Satellite Communications, Frequency Allocations for
Satellite Services, Applications. Orbital Mechanics and Launchers: Orbital mechanics of LEO, MEO and GSO, Orbital
elements, Locating the Satellite with respect to the Earth, Look Angle determination, Orbital
Effects in Communication Systems Performance. (9)
UNIT II
SATELLITE SUBSYSTEMS: Attitude and Orbit Control System, Telemetry, Tracking, Command and Monitoring, Power Systems, Communication Subsystems, Satellite Antennas.
(6)
UNIT III
SATELLITE LINK DESIGN: Basic Transmission Theory, System Noise Temperature and G/T
Ratio, Design of Down Links, Up Link Design, Design Of Satellite Links For Specified C/N,
System Design Examples. Earth Station Technology: Introduction, Transmitters, Receivers, Antennas, Tracking
Systems, Terrestrial Interface, Primary Power Test Methods. (10)
UNIT VI
MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES: Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Inter-
modulation, Calculation of C/N, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frame Structure, Satellite Switched TDMA Onboard Processing, Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA).Comparison between CDMA, FDMA & TDMA. Spread Spectrum Techniques, DSSS,
DSSS with CBPSK, Processing gain, Probability of error, FHSS: Slow frequency hopping, Fast
frequency hopping. (10)
UNIT V
SATELLITE NAVIGATION & GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM : Radio and Satellite Navigation, GPS Position Location Principles, GPS Receivers and Codes, Satellite Signal
Acquisition, GPS Navigation Message, GPS Signal Levels, GPS Receiver Operation, GPS C/A
Code Accuracy, Differential GPS.
(10)
TEXT BOOKS
1.Timothy Pratt, Charles Bostian and Jeremy Allnutt Satellite Communications, WSE, Wiley Publications, 2nd Edition, 2003.
2.L.Pritchard, Robert A Nelson and Henri G.Suyderhoud,”Satellite Communications
Engineering – Wilbur, 2nd Edition, Pearson Publications, 2003.
REFERENCES 1. M. Richharia, »Satellite Communications: Design Principles »BS Publications, 2nd Edition.
2. D.C Agarwal ,”Satellite Communication, Khanna Publications, 5th Ed.
3. Dennis Roddy Satellite Communications , McGraw Hill, 4th Edition, 2009.
4. Robert M Gagliardi, Satellite Communications, DTS Publishers Ltd.
5. Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, 4th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2004
09EC432 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING (Prerequisite: Digital Signal Processing)
L T P
4 0 1
UNIT - I
INTRODUCTION:
Origin of Digital Image Processing, Fields that uses Digital Image Processing, Fundamental steps in Digital Image Processing, Components of an Image Processing System.
DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTLS: Elements of Visual perception, Image sampling and
Quantization, Basic relationships between Pixels, Linear and Non-linear operations. (9)
UNIT - II
DIGITAL IMAGE TRANSFORMS Image Transforms – The Discrete Fourier Transform, Walsh, Hadamard, Discrete Cosine
Transform, Haar Transform, The Slant Transform, (9)
UNIT - III
IMAGE ENHANCEMENT IN SPATIAL DOMAIN:
Some basic Grey level transformations, histogram processing, enhancement using
Arithmetic/Logic operations, Smoothing Spatial Filters, Sharpening Spatial Filters. IMAGE ENHANCEMENT IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN:
Introduction to Fourier Transform and the Frequency Domain, Smoothing Frequency Domain
Filters, Sharpening Frequency Domain Filters. (9)
UNIT - IV
IMAGE RESTORATION: Noise models, Restoration in the presence of Noise, only Spatial Filtering, Periodic Noise
reduction by Frequency Domain Filtering, Linear, Position-Invariant Degradations, Inverse
Filtering, Wiener Filtering.
IMAGE COMPRESSION: Fundamentals – Image Compression models – Error Free
Compression, Lossy Compression. (9)
UNIT - V IMAGE SEGMENTATION:
Detection of discontinuities, Thresholding, Edge based Segmentation and Region based
Segmentation.
IMAGE REPRESENTATIONS AND DESCRIPTION
Representation schemes, Boundary Descriptors, Regional Descriptors. (9)
TEXT BOOKS
1.Rafael C Gonzalez, Richard E Woods,” Digital Image Processing”, Second Edition, Pearson
Education Asia, 2002. (Chapter 3)
2.Gonzalez. R & Woods B.E.,” Digital Image Processing”, Addison Wesley Longman Pearson
Education, 2000. (Chapter 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
REFERENCE BOOKS
1.Milan Sonka, Vaclav Hlavac and Roger Boyle, Image Processing Analysis and Machine Vision,
Thomson learning, Second Edition, 2001.
2.William J Prati, “Digital Image Processing”, John Wiley & sons