think green

A Presentation on

THINK GREEN“Environmental Awareness”

PADMA DHAR GARGM. Tech (NIT – JAIPUR)

Pollution

Pollution is the introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment

Major types of pollution:• Water pollution• Air pollution• Land pollution• Noise pollution

Water Pollution

Causes of water pollutionPoint

sources

Waste from factories

Waste from sewage system

Waste from power plants

Waste from underground coalmines

Waste from oil wells

Non-point sources

Carried by rain and snow from land

Fertilizers runoff

Deposition of air pollutants

Storm water drainage

Effects of water pollution

Air pollution

Causes of air pollution

• Incomplete combustion from heaters furnaces and vehicles

• Burning fossil fuels

• Motor vehicles and industries

• Sulfur containing compounds of fossil fuels

• Burning of fossil fuels

• Deforestation

Carbon dioxide

Sulfur dioxide

Carbon monoxide

Nitrogen oxides

Causes of air pollution

• Wild fire• Methane from live

stock• Volcanic eruptions

• Air-conditioning and refrigerants

• Diesel engines• Power plants• Windblown dust• Wood stoves

• Metal refineries• Battery

manufacturers

Lead Particulate matter

Natural pollutantsCFCs

Consequences of Air Pollution

Greenhouse Effect

Global Warming

Acid Rain

Acid Rain Effects

Ozone Layer Depletion

Ozone Layer Depletion Effects

• Effects on humans• Decreased immunity• Skin cancer• Eye damage• Increased production of

vitamin D

• Effects on crop• Reduction in crop yield

• Effects on marine life• Lower fish harvests

Land Pollution

Causes of Land Pollution• Construction

• Agriculture

• Domestic waste

• Industrial waste

Effects of Land Pollution• Deforestation• Reduced animal

shelter• Soil degradation• Ground water

pollution• Animals and birds

fatality• Intoxication of

fruits, vegetables and crop

Noise Pollution

Causes of Noise Pollution

Noise pollution sources

Stationary

Mobile

Traffic Industrial Construction Neighborhood

Effects of Noise Pollution

Singrauli

Son river

POWER PLANT DETAIL UNIT MW

SSTPP NTPC ltd. 2000 Existing

VSTPP (NTPC) NTPC ltd. 4260 Existing

RhSTPP (NTPC) NTPC ltd. 3000 Existing

Sasan ultra mega power project

Reliance power ltd. 3960 Under construction

Chitrangi power project Reliance power ltd. 3960 Under construction

Mahan super thermal power project

Essar global 1800 Under construction

Mahan captive thermal power plant

Hindalco industries Ltd. 900 Under construction

Jaypee nigrie super thermal power project

Jaypee group 2640 Under construction

DB power M.P.Limited Dainik bhaskar 1320 Under construction

Renu sagar Hindalco industries Ltd. 960 Existing

Anpara UPSEB Govt. of U.P. 1630 Existing

LANCO power anpara LANCO power 1200 Existing

Anpara D BHEL & Govt. of U.P. 1200 Under construction

Air quality standards in IndiaPollutants Time-weighted

averageIndustrial areas Residential

rural and other areas

Sensitive areas

Sulphur Dioxide(SO2)

Annual average

24 hours

80 µg/m3

120 µg/m3

60 µg/m3

80 µg/m3

15 µg/m3

30 µg/m3

Oxide of Nitrogen as (NOx)

Annual average

24 hours

80 µg/m3

120 µg/m3

60 µg/m3

80 µg/m3

15 µg/m3

30 µg/m3

Suspended particulate matter (SPM)

Annual average

24 hours

360 µg/m3

500 µg/m3

140 µg/m3

200 µg/m3

70 µg/m3

100 µg/m3

Respire-able particulate matter (RPM)

Annual average

24 hours

120 µg/m3

150 µg/m3

60 µg/m3

100 µg/m3

50 µg/m3

75 µg/m3

Source: Air Pollution Control in India: Getting the Prices Right by Maureen Cropper, Shama Gamkhar, Kabir Malik, Alex Limonov, and Ian Partridge, January 3, 2012

Emission standards in IndiaCapacity` Pollutant Emission limit

Coal based thermal power plant

Below 210 MW Particulate matter 350 mg/Nm3

Above 210 MW Particulate matter 150 mg/Nm3

Units located in protective areas irrespective of generation capcity

Particulate matter 150 mg/Nm3

Power generation capacity Stack height (meters)

Less than 200/210 MW H = 14 (Q) 0.3 Where Q is emission rate of SO2 in kg/hrH = stack height in meters

200/210 MW or less than 500 MW

220

500 MW and above 275


Distribution of deaths attribution to emission in India

(In 2008) Pollutants No. of deaths

Total deaths per plant PM 2.5 29

SO2 499

NOx 123

Total 659

Deaths per ton of emission

PM 2.5 0.023

SO2 0.010

Nox 0.009


SHARDA DEVELOPMENT & ENVIRONMENT COORDINATION

COMMITTEE, SINGRAULI

Regd. NGO with Govt. of India

Objectives of• To eradicate the ill-effects of development and effecting our environment directly

or indirectly.

• To bring positive changes in the society by public awareness.

• To reduce the side effects of the rapid development and commercialization on agricultural sector through better use of technology.

• To curb the root cause for the growth of bacteria, viruses’ causing seasonal diseases is to be prevented.

• To provide technical monitoring of pollution.

• To reduce domestic pollution.

• To compensate pollution by increasing green area.

Plantation of trees

Trees:

• Help to settle out, trap and hold particle pollutants (dust, ash, pollen and smoke) that can damage human lungs.

• Absorb CO2 and other dangerous gasses and, in turn, replenish the atmosphere with oxygen.

• Produce enough oxygen on each acre for 18 people every day.

• Absorb enough CO2 on each acre, over a year's time, to equal the amount you produce when you drive your car 26,000 miles.

How trees help reduce pollution

Collection and disposal of domestic waste

• Distribution of dustbins to each house.

• Collection and proper disposal of domestic waste with the help of Nagar Nigam.

• Recycling of the waste as much as possible.

• Every year, around 500 billion (500,000,000,000) plastic bags are used worldwide.

• India's plastics consumption is one of the highest in the world.

Plastic

Non-biodegradable

Kills animal life

Pollutes and degrades environment

Has adverse effects on human health

• The daily used polybag contains lead and cadmium.

• lead and cadmium are toxic elements which can adversely effect human body.

• If burnt, releases Hydrogen Cyanide, a carcinogenic gas.

Contributes all types of pollution

Polythene Bag Substitute

Polythene Bag Substitute

JUTE BAGS PAPER BAGS

Why should we shift from Polythene Bags?

• Non biodegradable• If dumped in the soil

causes harm to the plant life

• Threatens the life in the water bodies

• Polythene is harmful for animals if swallowed

How are Jute Bags made?

• Jute bags are manufactured from natural jute and can be bought at a very cheap price starting from Rs.20

Advantages Of Jute bag

• Biodegradable• One of the strongest

natural fibers• Relatively cheap to buy• Durable• Jute crops require little

water• Jute has low pesticide

and fertilizer needs.

Advantages Of Jute bag

Advantages Of Paper Bags

• 100% reusable, recyclable and biodegradable.

• Can be made at home too.

• A renewable resource - comes from trees.

• Require less energy than plastic to be recycled

• Pose less of a threat to wildlife

Other Remedies

• Fabric biodegradable bags.

• Foldable a cotton bags for Ladies.

• Reusable Nylon bags.

• Donate old news papers to make paper bags and packets.

• Use a wicker basket.

Fly Ash

Fly Ash based bricks

Structures made from Fly Ash bricks

ThenNow

Structures made from Fly Ash

Germany Spain Denmark

Greece France

Comparison of fly ash based bricks with clay burn bricks

Sl. No. Items Conventional clay burnt

bricks

Fly Ash based bricks

1. Dimension in mm(LXWXH)

250mmX125mmX75mm

190mmX90mmX90mm

230mmX110mmX75

2. Colour Red Grey Grey3. Basic Ingredient earth or clay fly ash fly ash4. Density (gm/cc) 1.60-1.70 1.80-1.90 1.80-1.905. Dry weight(in kgs) 3.75-4.00 2.80-2.90 3.3- 3.56. Common building bricks

compressive strength (kg/cm2)

50-65 70-90 75-100

7. Water absorption (in %) 15-25 10-15 10-15

8. Breakage 5-7 1/2 percent Less than 1%

Less than 1%

THANK YOU ALL

FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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