n tt nghip i hcTi liu tham khoMC LC

MC LCiDANH MC HNH VivDANH MC BNG BIUviTHUT NG VIT TTviiM U1CHNG I TNG QUAN V GIAO DIN V TUYN 3G WCDMA UMTS21.1. GII THIU21.2. KIN TRC GIAO THC CA GIAO DIN V TUYN WCDMA41.3. CC KNH CA WCDMA51.3.1. Cc knh logic51.3.2 Cc knh truyn ti51.3.3 Cc knh vt l61.4. CC THNG S LP VT L V QUY HOCH TN S91.4.1. Cc thng s lp vt l91.4.2. Bng tn v quy hoch tn s101.5. IU KHIN CNG SUT TRONG WCDMA141.5.1. iu khin cng sut vng kn ng ln141.5.2. iu khin cng sut vng trong ng ln151.5.3. iu khin cng sut vng ngoi ng ln151.5.4. iu khin cng sut vng kn ng xung161.6. CC KIU CHUYN GIAO TRONG WCDMA161.6.1. Chuyn giao cng161.6.2. Chuyn giao mm/mm hn171.7. C IM K THUT TRM GC181.7.1. S tng qut my pht v my thu181.7.2. c im k thut trm gc191.8. KT LUN CHNG I22CHNG II THIT K TRM GC-NODEB CHO 3G WCDMA UMTS232.1. GII THIU232.1. KIN TRC C S CA 3G WCDMA UMTS BTS262.2. VN THIT K BNG GC282.2.1. Cc chc nng bng gc282.2.2. Cc kha cnh thit k bng gc292.2.3. Thit k phin x l bng gc pht (TXBBB )302.2.4. Thit k phin x l bng gc thu (RAXBBB)322.3. TRM GC A CHUN A BNG V CNG NGH V TUYN C NH NGHA BNG PHN MM352.3.1. Gii thiu352.3.2. Nguyn l c s ca cc my pht thu a bng362.3.3. Kin trc u pht thu v tuyn a bng (MBFE)372.3.4. Kin trc tng qut ca mt h thng v tuyn SDR402.3.5. Kin trc nn tng bng gc a chun422.3.6. V tuyn kh lp trnh li bng phn mm442.4. B KHUCH I CNG SUT A SNG MANG (MCPA)462.4.1. Cc k thut khuch i cng sut v tuyn472.4.2. Cc cng ngh MCPA cho WCDMA472.4.3. MCPA sa mo thun472.4.4. MCPA vi lm mo ngc trong min s522.5. TRM GC PHN B (DBS)582.5.1. Chuyn t kin trc BS tp trung sang kin trc BS phn b582.5.2. Hai gii php DBS592.5.3. Cc cu hnh mng DBS602.6. CU HNH MNG BBU V RRU TRONG MNG DBS642.7. KT LUN CHNG II65CHNG III THIT B HUAWEI 3900 NODEB663.1. GII THIU663.2. HUAWEI BTS3900663.2.1. Cc c tnh chnh663.2.2. Kin trc chung ca BTS3900673.2.3. n v x l WRFU673.2.4. n v x l BBU693.3. HUAWEI DBS3900713.3.1. Cc c tnh chnh713.3.2. Cu trc h thng DBS3900713.3.3. Cu trc phn v tuyn t xa DBS3900723.3.4. Cu trc BBU trong DBS3900743.4. KT LUN CHNG III74CHNG IV TRIN KHAI NODE-B CHO MNG 3G TI VIT NAM764.1. TRIN KHAI NODE-B TI MOBIFONE764.2. TRIN KHAI NODE-B TI VINAPHONE784.3. KT LUN CHNG IV82KT LUN83TI LIU THAM KHO84

n tt nghip i hcMc Lc

Phm Vn An Lp D06VT1iDANH MC HNH V

Hnh 1. 1: Kin trc h thng 3G WCDMA UMTS2Hnh 1. 2: Kin trc giao thc ca giao din v tuyn WCDMA4Hnh 1. 3: Ghp cc knh truyn ti ln knh vt l9Hnh 1. 4: Phn b tn s cho WCDMA/FDD. a) Cc bng c th dng cho WCDMA FDD ton cu; b) Bng tn IMT-200011Hnh 1. 5: Cp pht bng tn WCDMA/FDD12Hnh 1. 6: Th d cp pht bng tn cho nm nh khai thc ti Vng Quc Anh13Hnh 1. 7: Nguyn l iu khin cng sut vng kn ng ln15Hnh 1. 8: Nguyn l iu khin cng sut vng kn ng xung16Hnh 1. 9: Th d v gii thut SHO17Hnh 1. 10: S khi my pht (a) v my thu (b) v tuyn18

Hnh 2. 1: Kin trc chung ca mt BTS26Hnh 2. 2: Kin trc BTS vi cc ti nguyn c dng chung27Hnh 2. 3: M hnh chuyn i knh (sp xp knh)28Hnh 2. 4: Cc khi chc nng x l ng xung30Hnh 2. 5: Thc hin phin TXBBB cho mt phng ngi s dng31Hnh 2. 6: Cc khi chc nng x l ng ln ca TXB32Hnh 2. 7: Thc hin RAXB34Hnh 2. 8: Kin trc tng qut ca MBFE37Hnh 2. 9: Thc hin ca: a) u pht, b) u thu39Hnh 2. 10: Ph ca bin i nng tn trc tip: a) t IF khng, b) t IF thp39Hnh 2. 11: Thc hin pht/thu bin i qua trung tn (IF).40Hnh 2. 12: Kin trc tng qut ca mt my pht thu s41Hnh 2. 13: Kin trc phn mm ca mt h thng v tuyn SDR42Hnh 2. 14: Kin trc phn cng ca bng gc43Hnh 2. 15: Khi nim th vin SDR phn cp x l tn hiu bng gc43Hnh 2. 16: M hnh v tuyn kh lp li cu hnh45Hnh 2. 17: MCPA sa mo trc thun48Hnh 2. 18: Nguyn l lm mo trc49Hnh 2. 19: Thit k b khuch i cng sut49Hnh 2. 20: nh ngha hiu sut51Hnh 2. 21: S khi ca MCPA s dng lm mo trc s52Hnh 2. 22: Nguyn l lm mo trc s (DPD)54Hnh 2. 23: S khi ca mt h thng DPD thch ng hon chnh54Hnh 2. 24: ng cong hiu sut RU s dng DPD55Hnh 2. 25: T l d knh ln cn o c i vi RU21 ca Ericssion56Hnh 2. 26: Nguyn l b khuch i cng sut Doherty56Hnh 2. 27: ng cong hiu nng b khuch i Doherty l tng57Hnh 2. 28: ng cong hiu sut ph thuc Pout i vi RU s dng DPD v Doherty PA58Hnh 2. 29: So snh phng n BTS (a) thng thng v BTS phn b (b)58Hnh 2. 30: Hai phng n DBS.60Hnh 2. 31: Mng quang ring im n im thu thp s liu di ng61Hnh 2. 32: Gii php s dng mng quan th ng gi61Hnh 2. 33: Cu hnh khch sn nodeB vi BBU phn tn62Hnh 2. 34: Cu hnh khch sn nodeB vi BBU t tp trung62Hnh 2. 35: Tin ti s dng h tng PON gi63Hnh 2. 36: Gii php PON gi hon ton63Hnh 2. 37: Gii php WDM chng ln PON gi64Hnh 2. 38: Cc cu hnh mng BBU i vi mng DBS.64Hnh 2. 39: Cc cu hnh mng ca RRU trong mng DBS65

Hnh 3. 1: S khi BTS390067Hnh 3. 2: Cu trc h thng ca BTS390067Hnh 3. 3: S khi WRFU (n v x l v tuyn)68Hnh 3. 4: S khi mule BBU69Hnh 3. 5: Cu trc h thng DBS390072Hnh 3. 6: Cu trc phn v tuyn t xa kt hp gia RRU v SRXU73

n tt nghip i hcDanh mc hnh v

DANH MC BNG BIU

Bng 1. 1: Danh sch cc knh vt l6Bng 1. 2: Cc thng s lp vt l WCDMA9Bng 1. 3: Bng tn10Bng 1. 4: Cu hnh DB-DC-HSDPA10Bng 1. 5: Khong cch tn s Tx-Rx11Bng 1. 6: Cp pht tn s 3G ti Vit Nam14Bng 1. 7: Cng sut u ra danh nh ca trm gc20Bng 1. 8: dung sai bc iu khin cng sut pht20Bng 1. 9: Di bc iu khin cng sut c kt hp ti my pht21Bng 1. 10: nhy tiu chun ca BS21Bng 1. 11: Kh nng la chn knh21

Bng 2. 1: Cc bng tn c chn thc hin MBFE37Bng 2. 2: Thng s k thut MCPA51

Bng 3. 1: Cc cu hnh s dng WRFU khng phn tp pht.68Bng 3. 2: Kh nng x l ca BBU70Bng 3. 3: Cc cu hnh RRU73Bng 3. 4: Cc cu hnh kt ni BBU v RRU in hnh74

Bng 4. 1: S lng nodeB trin khai ti trung tm VMS5 v VMS1 trong 2 giai on76Bng 4. 2: S lng nodeB trin ti cc tnh thuc trung tm 1&5 trong 2 giai on77Bng 4. 3: D kin pht trin nodeB Vinaphone79Bng 4. 4: NodeB ti cc thnh ph ln79Bng 4. 5: 100 NodeB u tin ca Vinaphone79

n tt nghip i hcDanh mc bng biu

THUT NG VIT TT

3GThird GenerationTh h th ba

3GPP3G Partnership Project n cc i tc 3G

ACEAntenna Coupling EquipmentThit b ghp ng ten

ACLRAdjacent Channel Leakage RatioT l d knh ln cn

ASICApplication Specific Integrated CircuitMch tch hp ng dng ring

ATMAsynchronous Transfer ModeCh truyn d b

BBUBase Band Unitn v bng gc

BCCHBroadcast Control ChannelKnh iu khin qung b

BERBit Error RateT l li bit

BSCBase Station ControllerB iu khin trm gc

BTSBase Tranceiver StationTrm thu pht gc

CDMACode Division Multiple Accessa truy nhp phn chia theo m

CNCore NetworkMng li

CRCCyclic Redundancy CheckKim tra vng d

CSCircuit SwitchChuyn mch knh

DB-DC-HSDPADual Band-Dual Cell HSPDAHSDPA a bng a

DBSDistributed Base StationTrm gc phn b

DCCHDedicated Control ChannelKnh iu khin ring

DCHDedicated ChannelKnh ring

DPCCHDedicated Physycal Control ChannelKnh iu khin vt l ring

DPDDigital Predistortion mo trc s

DPDCHDedicated Physical Data ChannelKnh s liu vt l ring

DS-CDMADirect Sequence CDMACDMA chui trc tip

DSPDigital Signal ProcessorB x l tn hiu s

DTCHDedicated Traffic ChannelKnh lu lng ring

E2REnd to End ReconfigurabilityKh cu hnh li u cui ti u cui

EGPRSEnhanced GPRSGPRS tng cng

EIREquipment Identify RegisterB ghi nhn dng thit b

FACHForward Access ChannelKnh truy nhp ng xung

FDDFrequency Division DuplexGhp song cng phn chia theo tn s

FPGAField Programable Gate ArrayMng cng kh lp trnh theo ng dng

GGSNGateway GPRS Support NodeNt h tr GPRS cng

GSMGlobal System For Mobile CommunicationsH thng thng tin di ng ton cu

HHOHard HandoverChuyn giao cng

HLRHome Location RegisterB ghi nh v thng tr

HOHandoverChuyn giao

HSDPAHigh Speed Downlink Packet AccessTruy nhp gi ng xung tc cao

HSUPAHigh Speed Uplink Packet AccessTruy nhp gi ng ln tc cao

IMT-2000International Mobile Telecommunications 2000Thng tin di ng quc t 2000

IuGiao din c s dng thng tin gia RNC v mng li

LNALow Noise AmplifierB khuch i tp m nh

LTELong Term EvolutionPht trin di hn

LUPLook up TableBng tra cu

MACMedium Access Controliu khin truy nhp mi trng

MBFEMulti-band Front Endu thu pht a bng

MCPAMulti Carrier Power AmplifierB khuch i cng sut a sng mang

MIMOMulti Input Multi OutputNhiu u vo nhiu u ra

MSCMobile Services Switching CenterTrung tm chuyn mch cc dch v di ng

NCONumerical Control OscilatorB dao ng iu khin s

PAPower AmplifierB khuch i cng sut

PARRPeak to Average Power RatinoT s cng sut nh trn cng sut trung bnh

PCCHPaging Common ChannelKnh tm gi chung

PCHPaging ChannelKnh tm gi

PDCPPacket-Data Convergence ProtocolGiao thc hi t s liu gi

PONPassive Optical NetworkMng quang th ng

PSPacket SwitchChuyn mch gi

PSTNPublic Switched Telephone NetworkMng in thoi chuyn mch cng cng

RATRadio Access TechnologyCng ngh truy nhp v tuyn

RFRadio FrequencyTn s v tuyn

RLCRadio Link ControllerB iu khin lin kt v tuyn

RNCRadio Network ControllerB iu khin mng v tuyn

RPReference Pointim tham chun

RRCRadio Resource Controliu khin ti nguyn v tuyn

RRURemote Radio Unitn v v tuyn t xa

SDRSoftware Defined RadioV tuyn nh ngha bng phn mm

SGSNServing GPRS Support NodeNt h tr GPRS phc v

SHOSoft HandoverChuyn giao mm

SIRSignel to Interference RatioT l tn hiu trn nhiu

TDDTime Division DuplexGhp song cng phn chia theo thi gian

TETerminal EquipmentThit b u cui

TPCTransmit Power Controliu khin cng sut pht

UMTSUniversal Mobile Telecommunications SystemH thng thng tin di ng ton cu

UPEUUniversal Power and Evironment Interface Unitn v giao din mi trng v cng sut ton cu

USIMUMTS SIMNhn dng thu bao UMTS

UTRANUMTS Terrestrial Radio Access NetworkMng truy nhp v tuyn mt t UMTS

UTRPUniversal Transmission Procesing Unitn v x l truyn dn quc t

UuGiao din c s dng thng tin gia nt B v UE

WBBPWCDMA Base Band Processing Unitn v x l bng gc WCDMA

WCDMAWideband Code Division Multiple Access WCDMA bng rng

WPWork PackageGi cng ngh

WRFUWCDMA Radio Filter Unitn v lc v tuyn WCDMA

n tt nghip i hcThut ng vit tt

M U

Ngy nay thng tin di ng l ngnh cng nghip vin thng pht trin nhanh nht, c bit l ti Vit Nam hai nm gn y c bc thay i mnh m khi h thng 3G WCDMA UMTS c a vo s dng. WCDMA l mt cng ngh s dng giao din v tuyn theo tiu chun 3GPP trong cc h thng thng tin di ng th h 3. BTS (hay nodeB) l phn t thc hin giao din v tuyn vi u cui di ng 3G (UE). Trong tng lai, LTE l bc pht trin vi tc s liu cao hn s c a vo s dng. Do trong thi im hin ti, vic thit k nodeB phi p ng c cho c GSM, UMTS v LTE.Cc th h thng tin di ng tng lai sau 3G s h tr tch hp v ng tn ti nhiu cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn (RAT) trong cng mt mi trng v tuyn a hp. Chng hn mi trng ny l mt h thng n nht cho php u cui di ng c th truy nhp bng nhiu cng ngh truy nhp khc nhau nh GSM, EGPRS, WCDMA , HSPA, LTE, WiMAX . Khi nim kh lp li cu hnh (l mt pht trin ca SDR) cho php d dng thc hin mi trng ni trn. Vi khi nim ny, cc u cui di ng v cc phn t mng c th ch ng chn v thch ng n mt RAT ph hp trong mt vng dch v c th v ti mt thi im c th. n ny nghin cu thit k trm gc (nodeB) cho 3G WCDMA UMTS gm ni dung chnh sau: Chng I: Tng quan v giao din v tuyn 3G WCDMA UMTS v mt s c tnh k thut ca trm gc theo tiu chun 3GPP Chng II: Nghin cu vn thit k nodeB cho 3G WCDMA UMTS vi cc cng ngh mi phc v tt cho nhu cu thc tin. Chng III: Gii thiu cc thit b nm trong lot sn phm nodeB 3900 ca Huawei. Chng IV: Tnh hnh trin khai nodeB cho mng 3G ti Vit NamTrong sut thi gian lm n em nhn c s gip tn tnh ca gia nh, thy c v bn b. Em xin gi li cm n chn thnh ti thy gio TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, ngi trc tip hng dn gip em thm nhiu kin thc v t liu hon thnh n ny. Em xin chn thnh cm n gia nh, thy c, bn b v ngi thn gip , ng vin em trong sut thi gian lm n.

H Ni ngy 03 thng 12 nm 2010Sinh vin thc hinPhm Vn An n tt nghip i hcM u

Phm Vn An Lp D06VT14CHNG I TNG QUAN V GIAO DIN V TUYN 3G WCDMA UMTS

1.1. GII THIUWCDMA UMTS l mt trong cc tiu chun ca IMT-2000 nhm pht trin ca GSM cung cp cc kh nng cho th h ba. WCDMA UMTS s dng mng a truy nhp v tuyn trn c s W-CDMA v mng li c pht trin t GSM/GPRS. Mng 3G WCDMA lc u s l mng kt hp gia cc vng chuyn mch gi (PS) v chuyn mch knh (CS) truyn s liu gi v ting. Cc trung tm chuyn mch gi s l cc chuyn mch s dng cng ngh ATM. Trn ng pht trin n mng ton IP, chuyn mch knh s dn c thay th bng chuyn mch gi. Cc dch v k c s liu ln thi gian thc (nh ting v video) cui cng s c truyn trn cng mt mi trng IP bng cc chuyn mch gi. Hnh 1. 1 di y cho thy th d v mt kin trc tng qut ca thng tin di ng 3G kt hp c CS v PS trong mng li.

UE (User Equipment): Thit b ngi dng TE (Terminal Equipment): Thit b u cuiUSIM (UMTS Subcriber Identify Module): M un nhn dng thu bao UMTSRNC (Radio Network Controller): B iu khin mng v tuynMSC/VLR: Trung tm chuyn mch dch v di ng/B ghi nh v tm trHnh 1. 1: Kin trc h thng 3G WCDMA UMTSMng truy nhp v tuyn mt t UMTS (UTRAN) l lin kt gia ngi s dng v CN. N gm cc phn t m bo cc cuc truyn thng UMTS trn v tuyn v iu khin chng. UTRAN c nh ngha gia hai giao din. Giao din Iu gia UTRAN v CN, gm hai phn: IuPS cho min chuyn mch gi v IuCS cho min chuyn mch knh; giao din Uu gia UTRAN v thit b ngi s dng. Gia hai giao din ny l RNC v nodeB.WCDMA c th c hai gii php cho giao din v tuyn: ghp song cng phn chia theo tn s (FDD: Frequency Division Duplex) v ghp song cng phn chia theo thi gian (TDD: Time Division Duplex). C hai giao din ny u s dng tri ph chui trc tip (DS-CDMA). Gii php th nht s c trin khai rng ri cn gii php th hai ch yu s c trin khai cho cc nh (Micro v Pico).Gii php FDD s dng hai bng tn 5 MHz vi hai sng mang phn cch nhau 190 MHz: ng ln c bng tn nm trong di ph t 1920 MHz n 1980 MHz, ng xung c bng tn nm trong di ph t 2110 MHz n 2170 Mhz. Mc d 5 MHz l rng bng danh nh, ta cng c th chn rng bng t 4,4 MHz n 5 MHz vi nc tng l 200 KHz. Vic chn rng bng ng n cho php ta trnh c nhiu giao thoa nht l khi khi 5 MHz tip theo thuc nh khai thc khc. Gii php TDD s dng cc tn s nm trong di 1900 n 1920 MHz v t 2010 MHz n 2025 MHz; y ng ln v ng xung s dng chung mt bng tn.Giao din v tuyn ca W-CDMA hon ton khc vi GSM v GPRS, W-CDMA s dung phng thc tri ph chui trc tip vi tc chip l 3,84 Mcps. Trong WCDMA mng truy nhp v tuyn c gi l UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network). Cc phn t ca UTRAN rt khc vi cc phn t mng truy nhp v tuyn ca GSM. V th kh nng s dng li cc BTS v BSC ca GSM l rt hn ch. Mt s nh sn xut cng c k hoch nng cp cc GSM BTS cho WCDMA, trong mng 3G chng c gi l cc nodeB. i vi cc nh sn sut ny c th ch tho ra mt s b thu pht GSM t BTS v thay vo cc b thu pht mi cho WCDMA. Mt s rt t nh sn sut cn lp k hoch xa hn. H ch to cc BSC ng thi cho c GSM v WCDMA. Tuy nhin a phn cc nh sn sut phi thay th GSM BSC bng RNC mi cho WCDMA.W-CDMA s dng rt nhiu kin trc ca mng GSM, GPRS hin c cho mng ca mnh. Cc phn t nh MSC, HLR, SGSN, GGSN c th c nng cp t mng hin c h tr ng thi WCDMA v GSM. Giao din v tuyn ca WCDMA/FDD c xy dng trn ba kiu knh: knh logic, knh truyn ti v knh vt l. Knh logic c hnh thnh trn c s ng gi cc thng tin t lp cao trc khi sp xp vo knh truyn ti. Nhiu knh truyn ti c ghp chng vo knh vt l. Knh vt l c xy dng trn cng ngh a truy nhp CDMA kt hp vi FDMA/FDD. Mi knh vt l c c trng bi mt cp tn s v mt m tri ph. Ngoi ra knh vt l ng ln cn c c trng bi gc pha. Trong phn di y ta trc ht ta xt kin trc giao thc ca giao din v tuyn sau ta s xt giao din v tuyn ca WCDMA/FDD, sau s xt cc knh ny.1.2. KIN TRC GIAO THC CA GIAO DIN V TUYN WCDMAGiao din v tuyn bao gm 3 lp giao thc: Lp vt l (L1). c t cc vn lin quan n giao din v tuyn nh iu ch v m ha, tri ph v.v Lp lin kt ni s liu (L2). Lp khun s liu vo cc khi s liu v m bo truyn dn tin cy gia cc nt ln cn hay cc thc th ng cp. Lp mng (L3). c t nh a ch v nh tuyn.

Hnh 1. 2: Kin trc giao thc ca giao din v tuyn WCDMALp 2 c chia thnh cc lp con: MAC (Medium Access Control: iu khin truy nhp mi trng) v RLC (Radio link Control: iu khin lin kt), PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol: Giao thc hi t s liu gi) v BMC Broadcast/Multicast Control: iu khin qung b/a phng ).Lp 3 v RLC c chia thnh hai mt phng: mt phng iu khin (C-Plane) v mt phng ngi s dng (U-Plane). PDCP v BMC ch c mt phng U.Trong mt phng C lp 3 bao gm RRC (Radio Resource Control: iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn) kt cui ti RAN v cc lp con cao hn: MM (Mobility Management) v CC (Connection Management), GMM (GPRS Mobility Management), SM (Session Management) kt cui ti mng li (CN).Lp vt l l phn rt quan trng trong h thng UTRAN, n l lp thp nht trong m hnh giao thc giao din v tuyn WCDMA. Lp vt l c s dng truyn dn giao din v tuyn. Mi knh vt l lp ny c xc nh bng mt t hp tn s, m ngu nhin ho (m nh knh) v pha (ch cho ng ln). Cc knh c s dng vt l truyn thng tin ca cc lp cao trn giao din v tuyn, tuy nhin cng c mt s knh vt l ch c dnh cho hot ng ca lp vt l. truyn thng tin giao din v tuyn, cc lp cao phi chuyn cc thng tin ny qua lp MAC n lp vt l bng cch s dng cc knh logic. MAC sp xp cc knh ny ln cc knh truyn ti trc khi a n lp vt l lp ny sp xp chng ln cc knh vt l.1.3. CC KNH CA WCDMA1.3.1. Cc knh logicNi chung cc knh logic (LoCH: Logical Channel) c chia thnh hai nhm: Cc knh iu khin (CCH: Control Channel) truyn thng tin iu khin, bao gm knh iu khin qung b (BCCH), knh iu khin tm gi (PCCH), knh iu khin ring (DCCH). Cc knh lu lng (TCH: Traffic Channel) truyn thng tin ca ngi s dng, bao gm knh lu lng ring (DTCH) v knh lu lng chung (CTCH).1.3.2 Cc knh truyn tiCc knh lgic c lp MAC chuyn i thnh cc knh truyn ti. Tn ti hai kiu knh truyn ti: cc knh ring v cc knh chung. im khc nhau gia chng l: knh chung l ti nguyn c chia s cho tt c hoc mt nhm cc ngi s dng trong , cn knh ring c n nh ring cho mt ngi s dng duy nht. Cc knh truyn ti chung bao gm: BCH (Broadcast channel: Knh qung b), FACH (Fast Access Channel: Knh truy nhp nhanh), PCH (Paging Channel: Knh tm gi), DSCH (Down Link Shared Channel: Knh chia s ng xung), CPCH (Common Packet Channel: Knh gi chung). Knh ring ch c mt knh duy nht l DCH (Dedicated Channel: Knh ring). Knh truyn ti chung c th c p dng cho tt c cc ngi s dng trong hoc cho mt ngi hoc nhiu ngi c th. Khi knh truyn ti chung c s dng pht thng tin cho tt c cc ngi s dng th knh ny khng cn c a ch. Chng hn knh BCH pht thng tin qung b cho tt c cc ngi s dng trong . Khi knh truyn ti chung p dng cho mt ngi s dng c th, th cn pht nhn dng ngi s dng trong bng (trong bn tin s c pht). Knh PCH l knh truyn ti chung c s dng tm gi mt UE c th s cha thng tin nhn dng ngi s dng bn trong bn tin pht.Mi knh truyn ti u i km vi mt ch th khun dng truyn ti (TFI: Transport Format Indicator) ti mi thi im m cc knh truyn ti s nhn c s liu t cc mc cao hn. Lp vt l kt hp thng tin TFI t cc knh truyn ti khc nhau vo ch th kt hp khun dng truyn ti (TFCI). TFCI c pht trn knh iu khin thng bo cho my thu rng knh no hin khun dng truyn ti m (DTFD: Blind Transport Format Detection) c thc hin bng kt ni vi cc knh ring ng xung. My thu m TFCI nhn c cc TFI. Sau cc TFI ny c chuyn n cc lp cao hn cho cc knh truyn ti tch cc kt ni.1.3.3 Cc knh vt lMt knh vt l c coi l t hp ca tn s, m ngu nhin, m nh knh v c pha tng i (i vi ng ln). Knh vt l (Physical Channel) bao gm cc knh vt l ring (DPCH: Dedicated Physical channel) v knh vt l chung (CPCH: Common Physical Channel). Cc knh vt l c tng kt bng 1.1

Bng 1. 1: Danh sch cc knh vt lTn knhng dng

DPCH (Dedicated Physical Channel: Knh vt l ring)Knh hai chiu ng xung/ng ln c n nh ring cho UE. Gm DPDCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel: Knh vt l iu khin ring) v DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel: Knh vt l iu khin ring). Trn ng xung DPDCH v DPCCH c ghp theo thi gian vi ngu nhin ha phc cn trn ng ln c ghp m I/Q vi ngu nhin ha phc.

DPDCH (Dedicated Physical Data Channel: Knh vt l s liu ringKhi s dng DPCH, mi UE c n nh t nht mt DPDCH. Knh c s dng pht s liu ngi s dng t lp cao hn.

DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel: Knh vt l iu khin ring)Khi s dng DPCH, mi UE ch c n nh mt DPCCH. Knh c s dng iu khin lp vt l ca DPCH. DPCCH l knh i km vi DPDCH cha: cc k hiu hoa tiu, cc k hiu iu khin cng sut (TPC: Transmission Power Control), ch th kt hp khun dng truyn ti. Cc k hiu hoa tiu cho php my thu nh gi hng ng xung kim ca knh v tuyn v thc hin tch sng nht qun. Cc k hiu ny cng cn cho hot ng ca anten thch ng (hay anten thng minh) c bp sng hp. TPC iu khin cng sut vng kn nhanh cho c ng ln v ng xung. TFCI thng tin cho my thu v cc thng s tc thi ca cc knh truyn ti: cc tc s liu hin thi trn cc knh s liu khi nhiu dch v c s dng ng thi. Ngoi ra TFCI c th b b qua nu tc s liu c nh. Knh cng cha thng tin hi tip hi tip (FBI: Feeback Information) ng ln m bo vng hi tip cho phn tp pht v phn tp chn la.

PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel: Knh vt l truy nhp ngu nhin)Knh chung ng ln. c s dng mang knh truyn ti RACH .

PCPCH (Physical Common Packet Channel: Knh vt l gi chung)Knh chung ng ln. c s dng mang knh truyn ti CPCH.

CPICH (Common Pilot Channel: Knh hoa tiu chung)Knh chung ng xung. C hai kiu knh CPICH: P-CPICH (Primary CPICH: CPICH s cp) v S-CPICH (Secondary CPICH: CPICH th cp). P-CPICH m bo tham chun nht qun cho ton b UE thu c SCH, P-CCPCH, AICH v PICH v cc knh nay khng c hoa tiu ring nh cc trng hp knh DPCH. Knh S-CPICH m bo tham kho nht qun chung trong mt phn hoc on cho trng hp s dng anten thng minh c bp sng hp. Chng hn c th s dng S-CPICH lm tham chun cho S-CCPCH (knh mang cc bn tin tm gi) v cc knh DPCH ng xung.

P-CCPCH (Primary Common Control Physical Channel: Knh vt l iu khin chung s cp)Knh chung ng xung. Mi c mt knh truyn BCH.

S-CCPCH (Secondary Common Control Physical Channel: Knh vt l iu khin chung th cp)Knh chung ng xung. Mt c th c mt hay nhiu S-CCPCH. c s dng truyn PCH v FACH.

SCH (Synchrronization Channel: Knh ng b)Knh chung ng xung. C hai kiu knh SCH: SCH s cp v SCH th cp. Mi ch c mt SCH s cp v th cp. c s dng tm .

PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel: Knh vt l chia s ng xung)Knh chung ng xung. Mi c nhiu PDSCH (hoc khng c). c s dng mang knh truyn ti DSCH.

AICH (Acquisition Indication Channel: Knh ch th bt)Knh chung ng xung i cp vi PRACH. c s dng iu khin truy nhp ngu nhin ca PRACH.

PICH (Page Indication Channel: Knh ch th tm gi)Knh chung ng xung i cp vi S-CCPCH (khi knh ny mang PCH) pht thng tin kt cui cuc gi cho tng nhm cuc gi kt cui. Khi nhn c thng bo ny, UE thuc nhm kt cui cuc gi th n s thu khung v tuyn trn S-CCPCH

AP-AICH (Access Preamble Acquisition Indicator Channel: Knh ch th bt tin t truy nhp)Knh chung ng xung i cp vi PCPCH iu khin truy nhp ngu nhin cho PCPCH

CD/CA-ICH (CPCH Collision Detection/ Channel Assignment Indicator Channel: Knh ch th pht hin va chm CPCH/n nh knh)Knh chung ng xung i cp vi PCPCH. c s dng iu khin va chm PCPCH

CSICH (CPCH Status Indicator Channel: Knh ch th trng thi CPCH)Knh chung ng xung lin kt vi AP-AICH pht thng tin v trng thi kt ni ca PCPCH

TFI= Transport Format Indicator: Ch th khun dng truyn tiTFCI= Transport Format Combination Indicator: Ch th kt hp khun dng truyn tiHnh 1. 3: Ghp cc knh truyn ti ln knh vt lHnh 1. 3 cho thy vic ghp hai knh truyn ti ln mt knh vt l v cung cp ch th li cho tng khi truyn ti ti pha thu.1.4. CC THNG S LP VT L V QUY HOCH TN S1.4.1. Cc thng s lp vt l

Bng 1. 2: Cc thng s lp vt l WCDMAW-CDMA

S a truy nhpDS-CDMA bng rng

rng bng tn (MHz)5/10/15/20

Mnh ph200 kHz

Tc chip (Mcps)(1,28)/3,84/7,68/11,52/15,36

di khung10 ms

ng b gia cc nodeBD b/ng b

M ha sa liM turbo, m xon

iu ch DL/ULQPSK/BPSK

Tri ph DL/ULQPSK/OCQPSK (HPSK)

B m ha thoiCS-ACELP/(AMR)

T chc tiu chun3GPP/ETSI/ARIB

DL: Downlink: ng xung; UL: Uplink: ng lnOCQPSK (HPSK): Orthogonal Complex Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (Hybrid PSK) = kha chuyn pha vung gc trc giaoCS-ACELP: Conjugate Structure-Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction = D bo tuyn tnh kch thch theo m li s cu trc phc hp3GPP: Third Generation Parnership Project: n ca cc i tc th h baETSI: European Telecommunications Standards Institute: Vin tiu chun vin thng Chu uARIB: Association of Radio Industries and Business: Lin hip cng nghip v kinh doanh v tuyn.

1.4.2. Bng tn v quy hoch tn s1.4.2.1. Bng tnUTRA/FDD c thit k vn hnh trn cc cp bng tn sau:Bng 1. 3: Bng tnBng hot ngTn s ng lnUE pht, NodeB thuTn s ng xungUE thu, NodeB pht

I1920 - 1980 MHz2110 -2170 MHz

II1850 -1910 MHz1930 -1990 MHz

III1710-1785 MHz1805-1880 MHz

IV1710-1755 MHz2110-2155 MHz

V824 - 849MHz869-894MHz

VI830-840 MHz875-885 MHz

VII2500 - 2570 MHz2620 - 2690 MHz

VIII880 - 915 MHz925 - 960 MHz

IX1749.9 - 1784.9 MHz1844.9 - 1879.9 MHz

X1710-1770 MHz2110-2170 MHz

XI1427.9 - 1447.9 MHz1475.9 - 1495.9 MHz

XII698 - 716 MHz728 - 746 MHz

XIII777 - 787 MHz746 - 756 MHz

XIV788 - 798 MHz758 - 768 MHz

XVD trD tr

XVID trD tr

XVIID trD tr

XVIIID trD tr

XIX830 845 MHz875 -890 MHz

XX832 - 862 MHz791 - 821 MHz

XXI1447.9 - 1462.9 MHz1495.9 - 1510.9 MHz

i vi truy cp gi ng xung tc cao bng kp, kp (DB-DC-HSDPA) c thit k vn hnh trn cc cp bng tn sau:Bng 1. 4: Cu hnh DB-DC-HSDPACu hnh DB-DC-HSDPA Bng ng lnBng ng xung

1I hoc VIIII v VIII

2II hoc IVII v IV

3I hoc VI v V

Khong cch tn s pht v thu c cho bng di:Bng 1. 5: Khong cch tn s Tx-RxBng hot ngKhong cch tn s Tx-Rx

I190 MHz

II80 MHz

III95 MHz

IV400 MHz

V45 MHz

VI45 MHz

VII120 MHz

VIII45 MHz

IX95 MHz

X400 MHz

XI48 MHz

XII30 MHz

XIII31 MHz

XIV30MHz

XIX45 MHz

XX41 MHz

XXI48 MHz

1.4.2.2. Quy hoch tn s

Hnh 1. 4: Phn b tn s cho WCDMA/FDD. a) Cc bng c th dng cho WCDMA FDD ton cu; b) Bng tn IMT-2000Cc bng tn s dng cho WCDMA FDD trn ton cu c cho trn hnh 1. 4a. WCDMA s dng phn b tn s quy nh cho IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications-2000) (hnh 1. 4b) nh sau. chu u v hu ht cc nc chu bng tn IMT-2000 l 260 MHz (1920-1980 MHz cng vi 2110-2170 MHz) c th s dng cho WCDMA/ FDD. Bng tn s dng cho TDD chu u thay i, bng tn c cp theo giy php c th l 25 MHz cho s dng TDD 1900-1920 (TDD1) v 2020-2025 MHz (TDD2). Bng tn cho cc ng dng TDD khng cn xin php (SPA= Self Provided Application: ng dng t cp) c th l 2010-2020 MHz. Cc h thng FDD s dng cc bng tn khc nhau cho ng ln v ng xung vi phn cch l khong cch song cng, cn cc h thng TDD s dng cng tn s cho c ng ln v ng xung.UMTS quy nh khai thc song cng phn chia theo tn s l ch tiu chun cho thng tin thoi v s liu. Hot ng ng thi v lin tc ca cc mch in pht v thu l cc thay i ng k nht so vi hat ng ca GSM.Bng tn cho hat ng FDD cho cc bng I, II v III c cho trn hnh 1. 5. Bng I (B1) l n nh bng chnh Chu u. Quy nh dnh hai cp pht 60MHz vi khong cch song cng chun 190MHz, tuy nhin quy nh cng cho php song cng kh bin, trong khong cch pht thu nm trong khong 130 n 250MHz. H thng song cng kh bin t ra cc yu cu b sung i vi thit k my pht thu v cc b t tn s my pht v my thu phi hot ng c lp vi nhau. Bng II (B2) ti s dng bng hin c ca h thng thng tin di ng c nhn v d nh s dng M m bo ng tn ti UMTS v GSM. Khong cch song cng ch bng 80MHz i vi bng II v th t ra cc yu cu kh khn hn i vi phn cng ca my thu pht.

Hnh 1. 5: Cp pht bng tn WCDMA/FDD

Hnh 1. 6 cho thy cp pht bng thng theo u thu ti Vng Quc Anh. Ph tn c chia cho nm nh khai thc nh sau: Cp php A (Hutchison) nhn cp pht bng kp 14,6 MHz (tng ng 35MHz vi bng bo v nh hn) Cp php B Vodafon) nhn cp pht bng kp 14,8MHz (tng ng 35MHz vi bng bo v nh hn) Cp php C (BT3G) nhn cp pht bng kp 10MHz (25MHz) v bng n 5MHz ti 1910 MHz Cp php D (One2One) nhn cp pht bng kp 10MHz (25MHz) v bng dn 5MHz ti 1900MHz Cp php E (Orange) nhn cp pht bng kp (25MHz) v bng n 5MHz ti 1905MHz.

Hnh 1. 6: Th d cp pht bng tn cho nm nh khai thc ti Vng Quc AnhTi Vit Nam bng tn 3G c cp pht tn s theo tm khe tn s nh cho trong bng 1. 6, trong hai hoc nhiu nh khai thc c th cng tham gia xin cp pht chung mt khe.L do cp pht cc knh 5MHz khc nhau ti cc nc khc nhau l ch cc nh khai thc phi quy hoch m v phi trnh vic s dng cc m gy ra nhiu knh ln cn trong cng mt nc hoc cc nh khai thc khc trong nc lin k. V th cn phi nghin cu quan h gia cc t hp m tri ph v hot ng ca cc knh ln cn.

Bng 1. 6: Cp pht tn s 3G ti Vit NamKhe tn s

FDDTDD

BSTx*BSRx**BSTx/BSRx

A2110-2125 MHz1920-1935 MHz1915-1920 MHz

B2125-2140 MHz1935-1950 MHz1910-1915 MHz

C2140-2155 MHz1950-1965 MHz1905-1910 MHz

D2155-2170 MHz1965-1980 MHz1900-1905 MHz

* BSTx: my pht trm gc** BSRx: my thu trm gc1.5. IU KHIN CNG SUT TRONG WCDMACDMA rt nhy cm vi iu khin cng sut: h thng WCDMA hot ng bnh thng, cn c mt c ch iu khin cng sut tt duy tr t s tn hiu trn nhiu (SIR) ti mc cho php. V nhiu ngi s dng cng truyn ng thi trn cng mt tn s, nn mc nhiu ph thuc vo s lng ngi s dng. Tn ti hai kiu iu khin cng sut:1. iu khin cng sut vng h: cho cc knh chung2. iu khin cng sut vng kn: cho cc knh ring DPDCH/DPCCH v chia s DSCHiu khin cng sut vng h thng c UE trc khi truy nhp mng v nodeB trong qu trnh thit lp ng truyn v tuyn s dng c lng cng sut cn pht trn ng ln da trn cc tnh ton tn hao ng truyn trn ng xung v t s tn hiu trn nhiu yu cu.iu khin cng sut vng kn c nhim v gim nhiu trong h thng bng cch duy tr cht lng thng tin gia UE v UTRAN (ng truyn v tuyn) gn nht vi mc cht lng ti thiu yu cu i kiu dch v m ngi s dng i hi. iu khin cng sut vng kn bao gm hai phn: iu khin cng sut nhanh vng trong tc 1500 Hz v iu khin cng sut chm vng ngoi tc 10-100Hz.1.5.1. iu khin cng sut vng kn ng lnS iu khin cng sut vng kn ng ln cc cho trn hnh 1. 7. iu khin cng sut vng trong da trn so snh t l tn hiu trn nhiu (SIR) c tnh vi SIR ch, cn iu khin cng sut vng ngoi da trn so snh t s li khi (Block Error Rate: BLER) c tnh vi BLER ch.

Hnh 1. 7: Nguyn l iu khin cng sut vng kn ng ln1.5.2. iu khin cng sut vng trong ng lnPhng php iu khin cng sut nhanh vng kn ln nh sau (xem hnh 1.7). NodeB thng xuyn c tnh t s tn hiu trn nhiu thu c (SIR= Signal to Interference Ratio) trn hoa tiu ng ln trong UL DPCCH v so snh n vi t s SIR ch (SIRch). Nu SIRctnh cao hn SIRch th nodeB thit lp bit iu khin cng sut trong DPCCH TPC=0 lnh UE h thp cng sut (Ty vo thit lp cu hnh: 1dB chng hn) , tri li n thit lp bit iu khin cng sut trong DPCCH TPC=1 ra lnh UE tng cng sut (1dB chng hn). Chu k o-lnh-phn ng ny c thc hin 1500 ln trong mt giy (1,5 KHz) W-CDMA. Tc ny s cao hn mi s thay i tn hao ng truyn v thm ch c th nhanh hn phainh nhanh khi MS chuyn ng tc thp.1.5.3. iu khin cng sut vng ngoi ng lniu khin cng sut vng ngoi thc hin iu chnh gi tr SIRch nodeB cho ph hp vi yu cu ca tng ng truyn v tuyn t c cht lng cc ng truyn v tuyn nh nhau. Cht lng ca cc ng truyn v tuyn thng c nh gi bng t s bit li (BER: Bit Error Rate) hay t s khung li (FER= Frame Error Rate). L do cn t li SIRch nh sau. SIR yu cu (t l vi Ec/N0) chng hn l FER=1% ph thuc vo tc ca MS v c im truyn nhiu ng. Nu ta t SIRch ch cho trng hp xu nht (cho tc cao nht) th s lng ph dung lng cho cc kt ni tc thp. Nh vy tt nht l SIRch th ni xung quanh gi tr ti thiu p ng c yu cu cht lng. thc hin iu khin cng sut vng ngoi, mi khung s liu ca ngi s dng c gn ch th cht lng khung l CRC. Nu kim tra CRC cho thy BLERctnh> BLERch th SIRch s b gim i mt nc bng SIR, tri li n s c tng ln mt nc bng SIR. L do t iu khin vng ngoi RNC v chc nng ny thc hin sau khi thc hin kt hp cc tn hiu chuyn giao mm.1.5.4. iu khin cng sut vng kn ng xung

Hnh 1. 8: Nguyn l iu khin cng sut vng kn ng xungiu khin cng sut vng kn c minh ha trn hnh 1. 8. UE nhn c BLER ch t lp cao hn do RNC thit lp cng vi cc thng s iu khin khc. Da trn BLER ch nhn c t RNC, n thc hin iu khin cng sut vng ngoi bng cch tnh ton SIR ch cho iu kin cng sut vng kn nhanh ng xung. UE c tnh SIR ng xung t cc k hiu hoa tiu ca DL DPCCH . c tnh SIR ny c so snh vi SIR ch. Nu c tnh ny ln hn SIR ch, th UE thit lp TPC=0 trong UL DPCCH v gi n n nodeB, tri li n thit lp TPC=1. Tc diu khin cng sut vng trong l 1500Hz.1.6. CC KIU CHUYN GIAO TRONG WCDMAChuyn giao l qu trnh c thc hin khi UE c kt ni v tuyn duy tr cht lng truyn dn. Trong WCDMA c th c chuyn giao cng hoc chuyn giao mm.1.6.1. Chuyn giao cngChuyn giao cng (HHO: Hard Handover) ca WCDMA cng ging nh ca GSM. UE ch ni n mt nodeB. Khi thc hin HO n mt nodeB khc, kt ni n nodeB c c gii phng. Tt c cc kt ni s dng knh FACH (knh khng s dng iu khin cng sut v dnh cho cc gi ngn) hay DSCH (knh ph hp nht cho cc dch v chuyn mch gi) u s dng HHO. Ngoi ra HHO s dng cho: HO gia cc h thng (gia UTRAN v GSM). HO gia cc tn s sng mang khc nhau ca UTRAN.1.6.2. Chuyn giao mm/mm hnChuyn giao mm (hoc mm hn) s dng nhiu kt ni t mt UE n nhiu nodeB. Danh sch cc nodeB tham gia vo kt ni vi UE trong chuyn giao mm/mm hn c gi l tp tch cc. C th quy nh c kch thc cc i ca tp tch cc. Thc cht chuyn giao l qu trnh trong mt (on ) hoc c kt np vo tp tch cc hoc b loi ra khi tp tch cc. nh k hoc ti cc s kin bo co (s kin 1A, 1B v 1C chng hn), SRNC nhn c kt qu o t UE a ra quyt nh chuyn giao. Sau khi quyt nh chuyn giao, SRNC gii bn tin lp li cu hnh lin kt v tuyn c ng b n cc nodeB lin quan v ng thi gi bn tin RRC v lp li cu hnh knh vt l n UE cc nodeB ny v UE thc hin chuyn giao. Chuyn giao mm cho php tng s ng truyn thu c trn ng xung v ng ln nh vy tng t s tn hiu trn nhiu (SIR: Signal to Interference Ratio): Ec/I0 (Ec l nng lng chip cn I0 l mt ph cng sut nhiu) v lng tng ny c gi l li chuyn giao. S tng qut SHO c cho trn hnh 1. 9.

R1a, R1b l di bo co cho cc s kin 1a v 1b c thit lp bi RNC; H1a, H1b l hng s tr c quy nh cho cc s kin 1a v 1bHnh 1. 9: Th d v gii thut SHO Lc u. Ch c 1 v 2 nm trong tp tch cc. Ti s kin A. (Ec/I0)P-CPICH1 > (Ec/I0)P-CPICH3- (R1a-H1a/2) trong (Ec/I0)P-CPICH1 l t s tn hiu trn nhiu knh hoa tiu ca 1 mnh nht, (Ec/I0)P-CPICH3 l t s tn hiu trn nhiu knh hoa tiu ca 3 nm ngoi tp tch cc, R1a l hng s di bo co (do RNC thit lp), H1a l thng s tr s kin v (R1b-H1a/2) 1 ca s kt np cho s kin 1A. Nu bt ng thc ny tn ti trong khong thi gian T th 3 c kt np vo tp tch cc. Ti s kin C. (Ec/I0)P-CPICH4 > (Ec/I0)P-CPICH2 +H1c, trong (Ec/I0)P-CPICH4 l t s tn hiu trn nhiu ca 4 nm ngoi tp tch cc v (Ec/I0)P-CPICH2 l t s tn hiu trn nhiu ca 2 ti nht trong tp tch cc, H1c l thng s tr s kin 1C. Nu quan h ny tn ti trong thi gian T v tp tch cc y th 2 b loi ra khi tp tich cc v 4 s th ch ca n trong tp tch cc. Ti s kin B. (Ec/I0)P-CPICH1 < (Ec/I0)P-CPICH3- (R1b+H1b) trong (Ec/I0)P-CPICH1 l t s tn hiu trn nhiu knh hoa tiu ca 1 yu nht trong tp tch cc, (Ec/I0)P-CPICH3 l t s tn hiu trn nhiu ca 3 mnh nht trong tp tch cc v R1b l hng s di bo co (do RNC thit lp), H1b l thng s s tr v (R1b+H1b) l ca s loi cho s kin 1C. Nu quan h ny tn ti trong khong thi gian T th 3 b loi ra khi tp tch cc.1.7. C IM K THUT TRM GC1.7.1. S tng qut my pht v my thu

Hnh 1. 10: S khi my pht (a) v my thu (b) v tuynHnh 1. 10 cho thy s khi ca my pht v my thu v tuyn trong W-CDMA. Lp 1 (lp vt l) b sung CRC cho tng khi truyn ti (TB: Transport Block) l n v s liu gc cn x l nhn c t lp MAC pht hin li pha thu. Sau s liu c m ho knh v an xen. S liu sau an xen c b sung thm cc bit hoa tiu v cc bit iu khin cng sut pht (TPC: Transmit Power Control)), c sp xp ln cc nhnh I v Q ca QPSK v c tri ph hai lp (tri ph v ngu nhin ho). Chui chip sau ngu nhin ho c gii hn trong bng tn 5 MHz bng b lc Niquist cosin tng cn hai (h s dc bng 0,22) v c bin i vo tng t bng b bin i s vo tng t (D/A) a ln iu ch vung gc cho sng mang. Tn hiu trung tn (IF) sau iu ch c bin i nng tn vo sng v tuyn (RF) trong bng tn 2 GHz, sau c a ln khuych i trc khi chuyn n anten pht vo khng gian.Ti pha thu, tn hiu thu c b khuych i i tp m thp (LNA) khuych i, c bin i vo trung tn (IF) thu ri c khuych i tuyn tnh bi b khuych i AGC (t iu khuych). Sau khuych di AGC tn hiu c gii iu ch c cc thnh phn I v Q. Cc tn hiu tng t ca cc thnh phn ny c bin i vo s ti b bin i A/D, c lc bi b lc Nyquist cosine tng cn hai v c phn chia theo thi gian vo mt s thnh phn ng truyn c cc thi gian tr truyn sng khc nhau. My thu RAKE chn cc thnh phn ln hn mt ngng cho trc). Sau gii tri ph cho cc thnh phn ny, chng c kt hp bi b kt hp my thu RAKE, tn hiu tng c gii an xen, gii m knh (gii m sa li), c phn knh thnh cc khi truyn ti TB v c pht hin li. Cui cng chng c a n lp cao hn.1.7.2. c im k thut trm gcNhng c tnh k thut di y cho trm thu pht gc da trn mt s tiu chun ca 3GPP TS 25.104 V9.4.0 thng qua vo thng 6 nm 2010. y l nhng yu cu c bn cho vic thit k nt B trong mng 3G. Cc yu cu ny p dng cho trm gc din dng, trm gc c trung bnh, trm gc ni ht v trm gc ti nh. Trm gc din rng s dng trong cc ln vi mc tn tht nh nht do kt ni t BS ti UE c 70 dB. Trm gc c trung bnh s dng trong cc nh hn vi mc tn tht nh nht do kt ni t BS ti UE c 53 dB. V tng t vi trm gc ni ht l vo khong 45 dB.1.7.2.1. i vi my phtNhng tiu chun ny dnh cho b ghp ng ten my pht n, trong trng hp phn tp pht, truyn DB-DC-HSDPA hoc MIMO, cc yu cu trn dnh cho tng b ghp ng ten pht. Mt BS h tr DC-HSDPA, DB-DC-HSDPA pht cho hai cng lc, trong BS h tr DC-HSDPA pht cho hai cng lc trn cc tn s sng mng lin k nhau. Cng sut u ra ca trm gcCng sut u ra (Pout) cc i ca my trm gc l cng sut trung bnh ca mt sng mang a vo mt ti vi tr khng ngang bng vi tr khng danh nh ca my pht.Cng sut u ra danh nh (PRAT) ca trm gc l mc cng sut trung bnh trn mt sng mang m nh sn sut ghi trn b ghp ng ten. Cng sut ny cho bng 1.7.Cng sut u ra cc i (Pmax) ca BS l mc gi tr trung bnh trn mt sng mang c o ti b ghp ng ten trong iu kin quy chiu trn l thuyt. Trong iu kin tiu chun cng sut u ra cc i ca BS duy tr mc chnh lch +2 dB, -2 dB so vi cng sut u ra danh nh ca nh sn sut. Mc chnh lch ti a cho php l +2.5 dB, -2.5 dB.Bng 1. 7: Cng sut u ra danh nh ca trm gcLoi BSPRAT

Trm gc c trung bnh< +38 dBm

Trm gc ni ht< + 24 dBm

Trm gc ti nh< + 20 dBm (khng phn tp pht hoc MIMO)< + 17 dBm (c phn tp pht hoc MIMO)

iu khin cng sutiu khin cng sut c s dng hn ch nhiu. Ti my pht s dng b iu khin cng sut cht lng c bn ti ng xung.My pht BS c kh nng iu khin cng sut vng lp trong ng xung hiu chnh cng sut u ra my pht ca mt m knh tng ng vi k hiu iu khin cng sut pht ti ng ln. Cng sut c thay i theo tng bc tng ng vi cc lnh iu khin cng sut ca knh. Thay i cng sut u ra kt hp l yu cu thay i ton b cng sut pht trn ng xung ca knh s p ng nhiu lnh iu khin cng sut tng ng vi knh s .My pht BS c kh nng thit lp cng sut min s vng lp trong vi mt bc bt buc l 1 dB v cc bc ty chnh 0.5, 1.5, 2.0 dB. dung sai ca bc iu khin cng sut vng lp trong c cho bng 1. 8. dung sai ca thay i cng sut u ra kt hp nh c iu khin cng sut vng lp trong c cho bng 1.9.Bng 1. 8: dung sai bc iu khin cng sut phtLnh iu khin cng sut ng xung dung sai bc iu khin cng sut pht

Bc 2 dBBc 1.5 dBBc 1 dBBc 0.5 dB

LowerUpperLowerUpperLowerUpperLowerUpper

Tng (lnh TPC "1")+1.0 dB+3.0 dB+0.75 dB+2.25 dB+0.5 dB+1.5 dB+0.25 dB+0.75 dB

Gim (lnh TPC "0")-1.0 dB-3.0 dB-0.75 dB-2.25 dB-0.5 dB-1.5 dB-0.25 dB-0.75 dB

Bng 1. 9: Di bc iu khin cng sut c kt hp ti my phtLnh iu khin cng sut ng xungMy pht kt hp iu khin cng sut vi bc thay i sau 10 lnh bng nhau lin tip

Bc 2 dBBc 1.5 dBBc 1 dBBc 0.5 dB

LowerUpperLowerUpperLowerUpperLowerUpper

Tng (lnh TPC "1")+16 dB+24 dB+12 dB+18 dB+8 dB+12 dB+4 dB+6 dB

Gim (lnh TPC "0")-16 dB-24 dB-12 dB-18 dB-8 dB-12 dB-4 dB-6 dB

1.7.2.2. i vi my thu Tiu chun nhyc tnh quan trng, cho thy cht lng ca my thu l nhy my thu. N th hin h s tn hiu trn tp m nh nht m my thu c th nhn dng v khi phc tn hiu. Di y l cc thng s v nhy my thu ca mt s trm gc:Bng 1. 10: nhy tiu chun ca BSLoi BSTc s liu knh o mu nhy tham chun ca BS (dBm)BER

Wide Area BS12.2 kbps-121BER khng vt qu 0.001

Medium Range BS12.2 kbps-111BER khng vt qu 0.001

Local Area / Home BS12.2 kbps-107BER khng vt qu 0.001

La chn knh ln cnBng 1. 11: Kh nng la chn knhThng sWide Area BSMedium Range BSLocal Area / Home BSHome BSn v

Tc s liu12.212.212.212.2kbps

Cng sut trung bnh tn hiu mun c-115-105-101-91dBm

Cng sut trung bnh tn hiu knh ln cn-52-42-38-28dBm

Khong cch knh5555MHz

La chn knh ln cn l kh nng m my thu c th thu c tn hiu tn s mong mun trong s c mt ca tn s knh ln cn. Yu cu ti thiu BS c th nhn din knh mong mun trong s c mt ca knh ln cn c cho bng 1.11 (vi BER khng qu 0.001). 1.8. KT LUN CHNG I n tt nghip i hcChng I: Giao din v tuyn 3G WCDMA UMTSTrong chng u tin gii thiu v giao din v tuyn ca h thng 3G WCDMA UMTS. Theo ta thy c v tr ca mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t trong kin trc mng 3G. M hnh giao thc giao din v tuyn WCDMA gm 3 lp, trong lp vt l l lp thp nht v rt quan trng trong h thng UTRAN. Cng trong chng ny gii thiu cc knh ca WCDMA cng cc thng s lp vt l v phn b tn s. CDMA rt nhy cm vi iu khin cng sut: h thng WCDMA hot ng bnh thng, cn c mt c ch iu khin cng sut tt duy tr t s tn hiu trn nhiu (SIR) ti mc cho php. Do cc vn iu khin cng sut vng kn v vng h c cp ti. Cui cng l cc kiu chuyn giao trong WCDMA v cc c im k thut trm gc (nodeB) theo 3GPP. Qua to iu kin thun li cho vic nghin cu thit k nodeB cho 3G WCDMA UMTS chng tip theo.CHNG II THIT K TRM GC-NODE B CHO 3G WCDMA UMTS

2.1. GII THIUWCDMA l mt cng ngh s dng giao din v tuyn theo tiu chun 3GPP trong cc h thng thng tin di ng th h 3. Giao din ny h tr tc s liu ln n 2Mbps trn sng mang c bng tn 5MHz. Hin nay HSPA c a ra vi tc s liu nh 14,4Mbps cho R5 HSDPA v 5,7Mbps cho R6 HSUPA. BTS (hay nodeB) l phn t thc hin giao din v tuyn vi u cui di ng 3G (UE). pht trin mt mng v tuyn vi vng ph v hiu nng tt, cn trin khai hng nghn BTS. V th gi thnh cc BTS chim t l ln nht trong tng gi thnh xy dng mng. Mi BTS bao gm phn x l tn hiu v tuyn v phn x l tn hiu bng gc. Phn x l tn hiu v tuyn lm vic nh mt thit b thu pht trong b khuch i cng sut v tuyn (RF PA: Radio Frequency Power Amplifier) l phn t quan trng nht. B khuch i cng sut tuyn tnh chim 1/3 gi thnh ca ton b BTS v RF PA l khi tiu th cng sut chnh ca BTS. gim gi thnh BTS, cn a ra phng php hiu sut gim gi thnh khi RF PA i vi tng BTS. iu ny i hi s dng PA c bng thng rng, tnh nng tuyn tnh cao v hiu sut cao. Cng ngh PA s hiu sut cao DPD+Doherty (DPD: Digital Predistortion) p ng cc yu cu trn. Cng ngh DPD cho php lm mo tn hiu trc trong min s. V lm mo trc hot ng ngc vi mo do PA gy ra, nn u ra PA t c tuyn tnh cao. Cng ngh PA Doherty c hai phn chnh: b khuch i chnh (hay b khuch i sng mang) v b khuch i nh. B khuch i chnh hot ng lin tc trong khi b khuch i nh ch lm vic ti mt gi tr nh c thit lp trc. B khuch i chnh lm vic trong trng thi gn bo ha t c hiu sut cao nht v n khuch i hu ht cc tn hiu. B khuch i nh ch lm vic ti gi tr nh v phn ln thi gian khng tiu th cng sut. Di tuyn tnh ca quan h gia u ra v u vo c m rng ng k so vi vng tuyn tnh ca mt b khuch i n v iu ny cho php t c hiu sut cao hn so vi trng hp cc tn hiu phi c t trong vng tuyn tn ca mt b khuch i cng sut n.Hin nay cc nh sn xut a ra QTRU mt kiu n v v tuyn (RFU) da trn cng ngh a sng mang. Mi QTRU h tr x l su tn hiu v tuyn. Cng ngh kt hp trung tn (IF) s cng c s dng. Su tn hiu v tuyn c kt hp trong QTRU v khng cn b kt hp c lp. Cng sut ca su tn hiu RF c th c chia s ci thin hiu nng. QTRU da trn cng ngh a sng mang c cng kch thc nh DTRU nhng c dung lng gp ba ln DTRU.Phn li ca cng ngh WCDMA c thc hin trong bng gc ca trm gc. Tn hiu WCDMA c tri ph bi mt m tri ph tc chip cao 3,84Mcps trn bng tn 5MHz. Tc ny cao hn nhiu so vi GSM v cdma2000. V th x l cc tn hiu cn trin khai mt cng ngh tin tin hn trong bng gc ca WCDMA. Cng ngh bng gc WCDMA s dng cc cng ngh vi mch mi nht: ASIC, DSP v FPGA.Rt nhiu yu cu t ra i vi nn tng bng gc va h tr cc thc hin k thut WCDMA v ng thi tha mn cc nh khai thc xt t quan im qun l mng v tuyn. L li ca WCDMA, nn nn tng bng gc phi c kh nng x l hiu sut ton b vng i ca BTS: t lc trin khai ban u vi gi thnh thp n khi m rng n cc dch v mi v pht trin lu lng. y l iu cn thit v mng lun pht trin v m rng vi nhiu ngi s dng hn v vi cc hn hp dch v ca ngi s dng u cui. Cc chc nng v tnh nng ca mng v tuyn mi cng thng xuyn c b sung thng qua phn cng v phn mm hon thin h thng. Kin trc BTS c th p ng dung lng bng gc rt ln. Chng hn RBS R3 ca Ericssion c th cung cp dung lng 1536CE trn c ng xung v ng ln t mt t my tiu chun (CE: Channel Element l mt n v x l ty thuc vo nh sn xut, i vi Ericssion n tng ng vi ti nguyn bng gc (phn cng v phn mm) cn thit pht mt knh thoi ti tc bng 30 kbps).i vi HSPA (HSDPA+HSUPA), kin trc bng gc s dng chia s ti nguyn s liu tc cao phm vi rng v mt b lp biu chung. Mt phin x l bng gc c th h tr n 45 m HSDPA. Bng cch chia s ti nguyn ng xung, c th ti u ha b lp biu t gc cng sut v lu lng ng xung kh dng. B lp biu nhanh cho php gim tr mng hay ni mt cch khc to nh hng tt ln tri nghim ca ngi s dng u cui u cui. gim gi thnh xy dng mng, cc BTS ca 3G WCDMA (nodeB) c xy dng trn kin trc phn b. Trong kin trc ny, phn x l bng gc BBU (Baseband Unit: n v bng gc) v phn x l v tuyn RRU (Remote Radio Unit: n v v tuyn t xa) c tch ring v c ni vi nhau qua mt giao din v tuyn cng cng chung (CPRI: Common Public Radio Interface) tiu chun trn c s si quang. Cc trm gc phn b (DBS: Distributed Base Station) khng ch ci thin cht lng tng th ca cc dch v mng v tuyn nh kh nng d rng cung cp vng ph rng hn trong cc mi trng khc nhau m cn h gi thnh lp t, khai thc cng vi vic gim yu cu v khng gian lp t. Tuy nhin DBS t ra cc i hi ln i vi khai thc cp nht hin trng v o kim h thng do cu trc phn b ca n. Vi s pht trin nhiu tiu chun v tuyn nh GSM/EGPRS, WLAN, WiMAX, WCDMA, HSPA, LTE v vic cc BTS phi ng thi hot ng trong nhiu bng tn dn n phi thit k cc BTS a bng a chun c th h tr c cc giao din v tuyn, cc bng tn v cc khun mu iu ch khc nhau. SDR (Software Defined Radio: v tuyn nh ngha bng phn mm) l mt cng ngh quan trng cho vic pht trin cc BTS a bng a chun. Cc gii php a chun a bng cho php cc nh cung cp thit b gim chu k nghin cu pht trin v v th gim gi thnh nghin cu cng nh rt ngn thi gian a sn phm nghin cu vo th trng. Cng ngh SDR cho php thit k cc BTS a bng a chun bng cch xy dng mt kin trc m da trn phn mm h thng v tuyn. Cc chc nng ca h thng v tuyn nh iu ch/gii iu ch, to tn hiu, m ha v cc giao thc c thc hin trn nn tng phn cng kh lp li cu hnh bng cch s dng phn mm.Cc th h thng tin di ng tng lai sau 3G s h tr tch hp v ng tn ti nhiu nhiu cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn (RAT) trong cng mt mi trng v tuyn a hp. Chng hn mi trng ny l mt h thng n nht cho php u cui di ng c th truy nhp bng nhiu cng ngh truy nhp khc nhau nh GSM, EGPRS, WCDMA , HSPA, LTE, WiMAX . Khi nim kh lp li cu hnh (l mt pht trin ca SDR) cho php d dng thc hin mi trng ni trn. Vi khi nim ny, cc u cui di ng v cc phn t mng c th ch ng chn v thch ng n mt RAT ph hp trong mt vng dch v c th v ti mt thi im c th. Tnh nng kh lp li cu hnh chn RAT khng ch gii hn cc phn t c lp t trc trong cc thit b. N cn bao hm c ti xung, ci t v xc nhn s hp l ca cc phn t phn mm cn thit cho vic lp li cu hnh. Bng cch ny, cc nh sn sut thit b c th s dng mt thit k chung cho v tuyn a chc nng nh vy m rng c th trng cho mt sn phm. i vi nh khai thc mng, kh nng tng tc gia cc mng khc nhau c tng cng v vic cp nht h thng cng nh sa cha sai li cng d dng hn. E2R (End to End Reconfigurability: kh lp li cu hnh u cui u cui) l mt n nghin cu ca IST (Information Society Technologies: Vin nghin cu cc cng ngh ca hip hi thng tin ca Chu u) nghin cu v xut chin lc li cho vic thc hin v tuyn kh lp li cu hnh bng phn mm. T chc E2R tham gia vo vic nh ngha cc tiu chun v cc c t lin quan n kh lp li cu hnh u cui u cui.2.1. KIN TRC C S CA 3G WCDMA UMTS BTSKin trc in hnh ca mt trm thu pht gc 3G WCDMA UMTS (hnh 2.1) bao gm bn phn chnh: phn v tuyn (RF: Radio Frequency), phn bng gc (BB: Baseband), phn iu khin v truyn dn. Mule RF pht/thu cc tn hiu v bin i tn hiu s vo sng v tuyn v ngc li. Mule bng gc (BB: Base Band)) x l tn hiu c m ha trc khi pht/thu n n/t mng li thng qua mule truyn dn. Khi iu khin ng vai tr iu phi ba mule ni trn. Cng nghip sn xut nh mt s im tham chun (RP: Reference Point) nhm t c gi thnh thp nht cho cc mule khc nhau. Chc nng ca trm gc c chia thnh hai phn chnh: cc chc nng mt phng iu khin v cc chc nng mt phng ngi s dng. Chc nng mt phng ngi s dng lin quan n truyn ti, bng gc v anten. Chc nng mt phng iu khin lin quan n truyn dn s liu iu khin, s liu khai thc v bo dng (O&M: Operation and Maintenance).

Hnh 2. 1: Kin trc chung ca mt BTSCc b khuch i cng sut v cc mule RF chim 50% gi thnh BTS, nn cc nh sn sut nghin cu kt hp hai chc nng ny vo mt mule duy nht c gi thnh thp hn. V th cn c mt giao din chung gia phn bng gc v phn RF c v cc sng kin cng nh cnh tranh cho vic nghin cu cc mule RF v b khuch i cng sut (PA: Power Amplifier). y chnh l l do ca vic a ra nh ngha cc cc giao din chung RP3 gia BB v phn RF. Hai giao din chung c nh ngha l: CPRI (Common Public Radio Interface: giao din v tuyn cng cng chung) v OBSAI (Open Base Station Standard Initiative: sng kin tiu chun trm gc m).Trong trng hp khi cc x l k thut khc nhau yu cu cng mt kiu ti nguyn, th tt nht l tp trung phn cng v phn mm vo mt nhm dng chung v cch ny cho php s dng ti nguyn hiu qu nht. Dng chung ti nguyn cho php tng dung lng trong cc mi trng trong c th xy ra phn b nhu cu ti nguyn khng ng nht.Tp trung ti nguyn bng gc ti mt ch cho php chia s cc ti nguyn x l tn hiu gia cc , nh t c s dng dung lng x l ca BTS ln nht. Mt nt quan trng ca dng chung l n cha ng kh nng d phng ti nguyn bng cch chia s ti nguyn chung. Trong trng hp ny lu lng c th chuyn sang ti nguyn khc ca phn ti nguyn chung cha c dng. V th tnh kh dng ca x l lu lng tng so vi trng hp khng dng chung ti nguyn.Hnh 2.2 l v d v mt kin trc BTS trong cc ti nguyn bng gc (BB) c dng chung.

Hnh 2. 2: Kin trc BTS vi cc ti nguyn c dng chungKin trc ca BTS trn hnh 2.2 bao gm hai phn: phn c th v phn khng c th . Phn c th l u pht thu v tuyn (FE: Front-End) cha cc phin pht thu (TRXB), cc phin b khuch i a sng mang v cc phin giao din anten (MCPA and AIUB), cn phn chung (khng c th ) cha cc phin x l bng gc.Trn hnh 2.2, x l bng gc c chia thnh cc phin pht bng gc (TXBBB ) v cc phin truy nhp ngu nhin v thu bng gc (RAXBBB ). TXBBB x l ng xung, n c th m ha, tri ph v iu ch. RAXBBB x l ng ln, n cho php gii iu ch, gii tri ph v gii m.2.2. VN THIT K BNG GC2.2.1. Cc chc nng bng gcCc phin bng gc c th thc hin cc chc nng lp vt l sau: Sp xp v gii sp xp cc knh vt l v cc knh truyn ti. Ghp v phn knh. M ha v gii m. Tri ph v gii tri ph. iu ch v gii iu ch. Cc th tc lp vt l v . Cc o c lp vt l.Ngoi ra cc phin bng gc trong BTS cn thc hin cc chc nng sau: Lp cu hnh trm gc v tuyn. iu khin . Phn phi thng tin h thng. Lp cu hnh lin kt v tuyn cho cc knh ring v chung. X l lung s liu Iub v. ng b v phn phi nt.

Hnh 2. 3: M hnh chuyn i knh (sp xp knh)Cc chc nng bng gc trong BTS cung cp nn tng cho cc chc nng mng v tuyn, cc chc nng lp cu hnh v cc chc nng O&M. Do , bng gc to nn nn tng x l cc knh chung v cc knh ring cho cc lp cao hn.Hnh 2.3 cho thy tng quan v xp xp (hay chuyn i) tiu chun gia cc knh logic, truyn ti v vt l. 3GPP nh ngha: Cc th tc ng b cho cc , cc knh chung v cc knh ring. Cc th tc truy nhp ngu nhin. Cc th tc iu khin cng sut vng trong v vng ngoi. ci thin hiu nng ca kt ni lin kt v tuyn, 3GPP khuyn ngh cc tng cng nh phn tp vng kn v vng h. Sau khi lp cu hnh cc phin bng gc diao din vi cc phn h khc, cc phin ny c th truyn lu lng. Nu ti lu lng trn cc phin bng gc thp, ton b hoc mt phn phin s c a vo ch tit kim cng sut gim tiu th cng sut. Tri li, khi ti lu lng qu cao, cc c ch gim st v bo v s gim nguy c mt cuc gi.2.2.2. Cc kha cnh thit k bng gcBng gc c thit k ph hp vi tiu chun 3GPP cho WCDMA. Ngoi ra kin trc bng gc c thit k p ng vi cc yu cu m bo hot ng cc trm gc. Cc yu cu ny gm: tnh linh hot cu hnh, s dng hiu qu cc ti nguyn, d trin khai, tng thch v phn cng chi c tng lai. Bng cch s dng cc cng ngh mi nht nh DSP (Digital Signal Processing: x l tn hiu s), (Field Programable Gate Array: mng cng kh lp trnh theo ng dng) v ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit: mch tch hp c dng), nh sn xut tng cng ng k lu lng v bo hiu iu khin (c nh gi theo thut ng CE: cc phn t knh cho cc knh vt l dnh ring). Trong 3GPP thut ng phn t knh (CE: Channel Element) c a ra nh gi kh nng x l tn hiu thc s ca phn bng gc BTS. CE m t ti nguyn dung lng m ngi s dng cn cho mt dch v c th, v th c th hiu n nh l dung lng phn cng ca BTS. S lng phn t knh da trn kiu lu lng v ph thuc vo cc knh mang v tuyn cng nh s lng ngi s dng ng thi knh mang v tuyn c th. CE l mt tng ng ti nguyn khng c chun ha bi 3GPP v v th n khng c nh ngha nh nhau bi cc nh sn xut. Cc nh ngha CE khc nhau v: (1) s CE cn thit cho mt dch v cho trc, (2) c cn thit ti nguyn CE cho bo hiu chung, o c trong ch nn . hay khng. CE l mt s o n gin v trc gic v dung lng ca bng gc. Theo nh ngha trong thit b ca Ericssion th phn t knh c nh ngha l ti nguyn bng gc tng ng (phn cng v phn mm) cn thit pht mt knh thai ti tc bit knh 30 kbps (lu tc bit knh l tc knh thoi sau khi c m ha knh trc khi a ln iu ch v tri ph).2.2.3. Thit k phin x l bng gc pht (TXBBB )2.2.3.1. Cc chc nng x l ng xungHnh 2.4 cho thy cc khi chc nng chnh x l ng xung. Ngoi ra mi khi cn cha cc chc nng bng gc khc khng c th hin trn hnh v. X l u tin l x l giao thc khung (FP: Frame Protocol) (c th hin pha tri). Sau khi bit khi no th cc khung s liu trn cc knh chung (knh tm gi: PCH v knh truy nhp ng xung: FACH) v cc knh ring (DCH) s n t giao din Iub, b x l giao thc khung ng b cc khung v ly ra phn ti tin ca khung s liu. Phn ti tin cha cc knh truyn ti khng c m ha.

Hnh 2. 4: Cc khi chc nng x l ng xung2.2.3.2. Thc hin phin TX bng gc (TXBBB )Hnh 2.5 cho thy thc hin TXBBB c chia thnh hai phn: b x l phin v phn cng c th phin. B x l phin iu khin phin v cc phn lu lng. Phn cng c th phin x l s liu ca ngi s dng gi n giao din v tuyn. Phn cng ny cha b x l giao din mt phng ngi s dng Iub, b x l tc k hiu, b x l tc chip v b iu khin x l lp vt l.

Hnh 2. 5: Thc hin phin TXBBB cho mt phng ngi s dngB x l giao din mt phng ngi s dng x l giao thc mt phng ngi s dng ca giao din Iub cho cc lung s liu DCH v CCH t RNC.B x l tc k hiu x l knh truyn ti (TrCH), knh truyn ti a hp c m ha (CCTrCH), knh vt l cho cc knh vt l iu khin chung s cp v th cp (P-CPCCH v S-CPCCH), knh ch th tm gi (PICH) v knh vt l ring (DPCH).B x l tc chip x l phn b cc knh vt l, to ra knh ng b (SCH), knh hoa tiu chung s cp (P-CPICH), knh ch th bt (AICH), thc hin tri ph, sp xp k hiu iu ch v pht cc chui u ra c phn b n TRX . N cng o cng sut pht m v x l tt c cc chc nng lin quan n x l sng mang / . B iu khin x l lp vt l (L1) x l cu hnh ca cc phn x l tc k hiu v v cc phn x l tc chip lin quan n iu khin cc o c, thit lp, gii phng v lp li cu hnh /cc sng mang v cc knh. Cc chc nng ca b x l giao din mt phng ngi s dng Iub v b x l lp vt l c thc hin trn cc DSP m bo tnh linh hot cho: Cc chc nng ca b iu khin Cc giao din ngoi n RNC i vi giao din s liu ca ngi s dng v Cc giao dn n b x l phin i vi giao din iu khin.

Chc nng x l tc k hiu c thc hin trong FPGA do cc vn v tr x l v cc yu cu thay i i vi thng lng s liu ca ngi s dng. N cng cung cp mt mc linh hot nht nh xt v kha cnh thay i cc yu cu i vi chc nng c thc thin.Chc nng x l tc chip c thc hin trn cc ASIC. Gii php ny cho php x l song song p ng c yu cu tr x l b gii hn. Ngoi ra n cng cho php truyn dn ng thi cc chui ra c phn b n TRX.Phin TXBBB c th x l nhiu /sng mang vi nhiu nhnh anten.2.2.4. Thit k phin x l bng gc thu (RAXBBB) Cc chc nng x l ng ln cho DCHTrn ng ln, tn hiu nhn dc t giao din v tuyn c a vo bng gc dng tn hiu s t phn v tuyn TXB ca BTS (hnh 2.6). i vi knh vt l ring (DPCH), Tn hiu n t TRX c x l trong khi chc nng ca b gii iu ch, khi ny cng cha b tm ng v my thu RAKE.

Hnh 2. 6: Cc khi chc nng x l ng ln ca TXB B tm ngTrong mi trng truyn sng a ng, my thu RAKE phi bit khi no cc tia sng n, ngha l n phi xc nh v tr ca cc tia sng a ng ny trn trc thi gian tr c th n nh cc ngn RAKE n cc v tr m ti cc phn t a ng t c mt cng sut nht nh. Nhim v ca b tm ng trong bng gc l ng b cc ngn ca my thu RAKE. My thu RAKEMy thu RAKE phn tch cc phn t a ng v kt hp nht qun chng thnh mt vect tn hiu ln m bo iu kin tch sng tt. iu ny cho php tng xc sut a ra quyt nh ng v ci thin hiu nng my thu. B kt hp on Trong qu trnh chuyn giao mm hn khi xy ra chuyn giao gia cc on cng mt BTS v trn cng mt sng mang, cc tn hiu sau tch sng c kt hp vi nhau. Cc tn hiu DPCH c phn knh v gii sp xp thnh DCH ca knh truyn ti cho bc x l tip theo trong b gii m. B gii m Tn hiu u vo b gii m bao gm cc bit mm an xen t b gii iu ch. Khi gii m thc hin cc chc nng sau: Gii an xen ln hai Gii phn on knh vt l Phn lung dch v Phi hp tc Gii an xen ln mt Gii m xon v turbo Pht hin li theo CRC. Cc chc nng x l ng ln cho RACHKhi UE tm cch kt ni vi BTS, my thu truy nhp ngu nhin s pht hin tin t cha ch k s c s dng cho phn bn tin RACH. Sau khi my thu pht hin tin t, n xc nh phn bn tin RACH s dng ch k no v c ti nguyn bng gc hay khng. Nu , n gi bn tin ng (Ack) n UE thng qua x l ng xung v bt u x l bn tin RACH theo cch ging nh trnh by trn cho DCH. Chc nng giao thc khung cho DCH v RACH (DCH FP v RACH FP)Chc nng giao thc khung cho DCH v RACH lp rp s liu giao thc khung vo cc khung vi mi khung bao gm tiu v ti tin (s liu ca ngi s dng). Sau cc khung s liu ny c gi n RNC thng qua mt phng ngi s dng Iub.RAXB khi phc thng tin nguyn gc c nhn c t tn hiu thu v tuyn cho cc knh truy nhp ngu nhin v cc knh ring. 3GPP nh ngha cc quy nh i vi hiu nng thu ng ln. nhy thu, hiu nng t s tn hiu trn nhiu v dung kng cc knh vt l xc nh c tnh ca my thu. Thc hin RAXB bng gc (RAXBBB)Phin x l ng ln bng gc (RAXBBB ) c chia thnh hai phn chnh: b x l phin (BP: Board Processor) v phn cng x l s liu c th phin (DP: Data processing). B x l phin iu khin phin v cc phn lu lng. Phn cng DP x l s liu ca ngi s dng nhn c t giao din v tuyn n giao din Iub. Hnh 2.7 cho thy cc khi trn phin RAXBBB.

Hnh 2. 7: Thc hin RAXBPhn DP cha cc khi: x l tc chip CCH, tc chip DCH, tc k hiu CCH v tc k hiu DCH.Khi x l tc chip CCH pht hin tin t, to lp ch th bt, tch v ly ra cc bn tin (RACH) cho knh truy nhp ngu nhin (PRACH) t s liu thu c trn giao din v tuyn.Khi x l tc chip DCH tch v ly ra DCH t s liu thu c (DPDCH/DPCCH) v bit iu khin cng sut trn giao din v tuyn.Khi x l tc k hiu CCH x l CCTrCH nhn c t khi x l tc chip c cc TrCH gii m trc khi gi chng n RNC thng qua giao thc khung Iub.Khi x l tc k hiu DCH x l CCTrCH nhn c t khi x l tc chip c cc TrCH gii m trc khi gi chng n RNC thng qua giao thc khung Iub.Cc gii thut v chc nng x l s liu n nh ca ngi s dng c thc hin trong phn cng c nh (ASIC) m bo dung lng cao. Tri li cc gii thut x l s liu c th thay i ca ngi s dng (chng hn anh gi knh) c thc hin trong phn cng c th thay i ti (DSP hay FPGA). Chc nng mi (do cc tng cng trong cc tiu chun 3GPP) cng c thc hin trong phn cng c th thay i ti (DSP v FPGA).Cu trc (hnh 2.7) v kt hp phn cng c nh nh vi phn cng c th thay i ti to nn kin trc chu c tng lai: nhy thu c th c ci thin bng cch cp nht cc gii thut trong phn cng c th thay i ti v phn mm Phn cng ny c chun b cho cc chc nng tng lai ca 3GPP (cc pht hnh tng lai). iu ny c ngha rng c th nng cp cc chc nng v cc m rng lp vt l ca 3GPP Tnh nng kh m rng ca DCH v CCH m bo rng c th tng dung lng tng khi bng cch s dng cc cng ngh ASIC, FPGA v DSP Cu trc khi h tr lin kt bn trong cng nh gia cc khi x l. N cng cho php t c dung lng cao hnKin trc mule cho php cc nh khai thc thay i thc hin khi cn thit. Chng hn gii php dung lng thp s s dng x l tc chip DCH/CCH ring bit dung lng thp v x l tc k hiu kt hp, trong khi gii php DCH/CCH dung lng cao s s dng x l tc chip v tc k hiu DCH ring bit, kh nh c dung lng cao v x l tc chip CCH kt hp tc k hiu.Th d mt RAXBBB c th x l 16 phn t knh (tng ng 16 knh thoi 30kbps) cho su sng mang-. 2.3. TRM GC A CHUN A BNG V CNG NGH V TUYN C NH NGHA BNG PHN MM2.3.1. Gii thiuVi s pht trin nhanh cc tiu chun nh GSM/EGPRS, WLAN, WIMAX, WCDMA/HSPA, LTE, cc trm gc v tuyn trong tng lai phi h tr c nhiu giao din v tuyn, nhu bng tn v nhiu khun dng iu ch. Cng ngh v tuyn cho php phn cng kh lp cu hnh theo nhiu tiu chun l mt thch thc ln i vi cc nh nghin cu pht trin trm gc. Cng ngh SDR (Software Defined Radio: v tuyn nh ngha bng phn mm) cung cp gii php hiu qu, t tn km xy dng cc trm gc v tuyn a mode, a bng, a chc nng. Khng tn ti mt nh ngha duy nht cho SDR. C th coi cng ngh SDR l kt hp ca cc cng ngh phn mm v phn cng m c th lp li cu hnh ca cc b phn hot ng quan trng bng cch nng cp phn mm. Ni mt cch khc xt theo ngha ca cc h thng di ng kh lp trnh hay kh lp li cu hnh, th cng ngh ny l: u cui a tiu chun, v tuyn kh tri (cognitive radio), v tuyn kh lp li cu hnh v v tuyn kin trc linh hot.Cc gii php a tiu chun, a bng cho php cc nh cung cp thit b gim chu k nghin cu pht trin v th gim gi thnh nghin cu pht trin v rt ngn thi gian a ra th trng. Ngoi ra n cho php gm chi ph bo dng, sn xut v ci thin moul (gim ga thnh). Tuy nhin chi ph phn mm cho cc gii php SDR cao hn i vi cc gii php ring. i vi nh khai thc, SDR cho php linh hot trin khai cc tiu chun v cc bng tn khc nhau. Chng hn c th s dng n nhanh chng ph sng cc vng nng/im nng bng cch s dng cc site hin c. Hin nay mt s hng sn xut tp trung nghin cu cng ngh SDR cho cc gii php a chun, a bng theo cc tiu ch sau: a bng, n chun: 1,8/2,1/2,6 GHz: WCDMA UMTS 2,5/3,5 GHz: WiMAX/IEEE 802.16e a chun trong mt tn s: 2,1 GHz: WCDMA UMTS, HSPA, LTE a chun, a bng: 1,8/2,1/2,6 GHz: WCDMA UMTS, HSPA, LTE 1,8/2,1/2,6/3,6 GHz: WCDMA UMTS, HSPA, LTE, WIMAX.Trong thng tin di ng SDR ni ln nh mt ti nng vo u nm 1990 , khi nhiu ngi nhn nhn cng ngh ny l gii php cho cc vn x l tn hiu phc tp cn thit trong cc u cui a mode/a bng hin i. Ngy nay hu ht cc thit k trm gc u hng n cc kin trc SDR.2.3.2. Nguyn l c s ca cc my pht thu a bngMt my pht thu (TRX) a bng l mt u vo v tuyn c th hot ng ti nhiu bng tn. Ta c th lin h iu ny vi FDD/WCDMA, trong mt tp cc bng tn c quy nh. Bng 2.1 cho thy cc bng tn c chn cho nghin cu u v tuyn a bng (MBFE: Multi Band Front End).

Bng 2. 1: Cc bng tn c chn thc hin MBFEBng tnTn s thuTn s pht

I1920-1980 MHz2110-2170 MHz

II1710- 1785 MHz1805 - 1880 MHz

IV1710 1755 MHz2110 2155 MHz

Bng m rng2500 2570 MHz2620 2690 MHz

MBFE phi cho php d rng thay i bng tn m khng cn thay i phn cng cc nh khai thc c th khng ch linh hot a ra cc bng tn mi m cn d dng lp li cu hnh mng v ti u mng.2.3.3. Kin trc u pht thu v tuyn a bng (MBFE) Hin nay cc u pht thu v tuyn (FE: Front-End) ca 3G WCDMA BTS u c thit c th phc v c ng 4 sng mang trn cng mt bng tn ca WCDMA, ngoi ra cc nh sn sut cng ang hng ti thit k cc BTS lm vic trong nhiu bng tn WCDMA v c cc bng tn ca cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn khc. Cc u pht thu v tuyn a bng (MBFE: Multiband Front-End) p ng c cc k vng ny, v th trong phn ny ta s xt cc MBFE.2.3.3.1. Kin trc tng qut ca mt u pht thu v tuyn a bng (MBFE)Hnh 2.8 m t cc mule trong mt u pht thu v tuyn a bng (MBFE: Multiband Front-End), mi mule ny phi tun th cc yu cu nghim ngt hn nhiu so vi cc moule trong FE n bng.

Hnh 2. 8: Kin trc tng qut ca MBFEB khuch i cng sut (cho bng tn c la chn) phi lm vic trn di bng tn rng t 1800 MHz n 2700 MHz. Thit b ghp ni anten (ACE: Antenna Coupling Equipment) chn bng cn thit (n v t anten) v cch ly phn pht (TX) v phn thu (RX) ng vai tr nh b lc song cng. B khuch i tp m thp (LNA: Low Noise Amplifier) thc hin tin khuch i tn hiu thu. Ton b hot ng ca MBFE c iu hnh bi moule iu khin. Module ny c th truyn cc lnh cng nh p ng trng thi qua hai giao din, mt qua kt ni trc tip vi u cui iu khin ti ch v mt qua kt ni ti b phn O&M ca trm gc. u pht thu v tuyn kt ni ti phn x l bng gc qua mt module giao din thch hp, ti cc k hiu c sp xp thnh mt lung bit tc cao v ngc li.Tn ti hai cu trc a bng: (1) kin trc bin i trc tip v (2) kin trc qua trung tn.2.3.3.2. Kin trc bin i trc tipTrong kin trc ny cc u thu v u pht u s dng bin i trc tip (hnh 2.9). C th lp cu hnh /lp li cu hnh u pht cho hai ch hot ng: trung tn (IF) khng hay trung tn thp ph thuc v tn s ca b giao ng iu khin s (NCO: Numerical Control Oscilator) trong u s.Khi NCO c t bng 0 (ch IF khng), sng mang c t xung quanh khng trong bng tn (hnh 2.9a, bn tri) v v th trong trng hp ny ch c th x l mt sng mang. Sau bin i (trn) vo tn s v tuyn trong bng tn v tuyn (RF), sng mang th hin i xng xung quanh tp tn s b dao ng ni (Local Oscillator) trong phn u pht tng t (hnh 2.10a, bn phi). chun b cho s dng a sng mang, sng mang cng c th c phn cch khi tn s trung tm ti IF thp c xc nh bi tn s NCO, sng mang c th c tch ring ti mt tn s trung tn thp c xc nh bi tn s NCO (hnh 2.9 b, bn phi). Trong trng hp ny, sng mang trong bng tn v tuyn s nm bn tri hoc phi ca tn s LO (hnh 2.10b, bn tri). Cc pht x do khim khuyt ca b iu ch I/Q (nh gng v d LO) phi c loi tr.Vic m rng MBFE n trm gc a chun bao gm c FDD WCDMA/ HSPA v WiMAX s t ra cc yu cu mi. B pht thu a chun/ a bng cn x l cc bng tn b sung v rng bng tn 20MHz cng nh p ng cc yu cu hiu nng cht ch hn h tr cc tn hiu OFDM cho LTE v WIMAX.

Hnh 2. 9: Thc hin ca: a) u pht, b) u thu

Hnh 2. 10: Ph ca bin i nng tn trc tip: a) t IF khng, b) t IF thp2.3.3.3. Kin trc bin i qua trung tn (IF)S ca kin trc ny c cho trn hnh 2.111. B bin i s thnh tng t (DAC) lm vic ti trung tn (IF) v u pht tng t bng rng tch ring c s dng cho qu trnh x l tn hiu tip sau trong cc thnh v tuyn (RF).

Hnh 2. 11: Thc hin pht/thu bin i qua trung tn (IF).IF s m rng phm vi x l s ra ngoi min bng gc n anten. N tng thm tnh linh hot ca h thng trong khi vn gim gi thnh sn xut. Bin i tn s s cung cp tnh linh hot cao hn v hiu nng ln hn (xt v kha cnh suy hao v chn lc) so vi tng t. Chun 4G v HSDPA s dng iu ch bin thay i: 16QAM. iu ny i hi tnh tuyn tnh cao ca b khuch i cng sut. ci thin hiu sut b khuch i, k thut tuyn tnh ha hay lm mo trc s (DPD: Digital Predistortion) c thc hin trong min s. Cc k thut DPD c pht trin cho php s dng cc b khuch i gi thnh thp hn so vi cc b khuch i tuyn tnh cao t tin. phi tuyn xy ra trong b khuch i r tin c th c hiu chnh nhn to bng cc s dng cc chc nng ca b lc thch ng trong min s.2.3.4. Kin trc tng qut ca mt h thng v tuyn SDR2.3.4.1. Kin trc phn cng ca mt my thu pht sH thng v tuyn SDR c xy dng trn c s kin trc phn cng nn tng ca mt my thu pht s nh cho trn hnh 2.12. Trn hnh 2.12 ta thy kin trc tng qut ca mt my pht thu s bao gm: u v tuyn (RFE: Radio Frequency Front-End), phn trung tn (IF: Intermediate Frequency) v phn bng gc.

Hnh 2. 12: Kin trc tng qut ca mt my pht thu sChc nng ca RFE l pht v thu tn hiu v tuyn (RF: Radio Frequency) thng qua anten. Trn ng thu, tn hiu RF c bin i thnh thn hiu IF x l tip trong phn trung tn. Trn ng pht, tn hiu IF c bin i nng tn thnh tn hiu RF, sau c khuch i cng sut. Phn IF chu trch nhim bin i tng t thnh s (ADC) trn ng thu v bin i s thnh tng t (DAC) trn ng pht. B bin i nng tn s (DUC: Digital Up Converter) trn ng pht bin i tn hiu bng gc v tn hiu IF s trong min s. B bin i h tn s (DDC: Digital Down Converter) trn ng thu bin i tn hiu RF s vo tn hiu IF trong min s.Phn bng gc thc hin cc chc nng bng gc nh kt ni cuc gi, cn bng, nhy tn, phc hi nh thi v tng quan. Trong mt h thng SDR (Software Defined Radio), phn bng gc c thit k c th lp trnh bng phn mm. Ngoi ra cc module DDC v DUC trong phn IF cng kh lp trnh. Cc giao thc lp lin kt, v cc khc thc iu ch v gii iu ch cng c c th thc hin theo nh ngha bng phn mm. V th c th thay i ch hot ng mt thit b c kh nng SDR hoc tng cng ch khai thc sau sut xng cho thit b ny bng phn mm.H thng SDR l tng l mt h thng c th lp trnh n phn v tuyn, ngha l c kh nng thc hin bin i tng t thnh s v ngc li vi tc cao ngay ti anten. Tuy nhin cc cng ngh ADC/DAC hin nay cha h tr bng thng s, di ng v tc ly mu cn thit cho vic thc hin phn v tuyn kh lp trnh hiu sut.2.3.4.2. Kin trc phn mm h thng v tuyn SDRKin trc phn mm ca mt h thng SDR in hnh c m t trn hnh 2.13. Cc lp ti nguyn phn cng c xy dng trn c s nn tng phn cng s dng cc module kh lp trnh nh DSP (Digital Signal Processor: b x l tn hiu s), FPGA (Field Programable Gate Array: mng cng kh lp trnh theo ng dng) v MC (Microcontroller: b vi x l) v cc modul RF tng t.Lp mi trng hot ng thc hin qun l ti nguyn, qun l b nh v ngt dch v. N cng m bo cc giao din n nh vi cc mule phn cng c s dng bi cc lp ng dng trn n. Lp cc ng dng v tuyn thc hin cc giao thc lin kt v cc hot ng iu ch/gii iu ch thng qua cc module phn mm. Cc ng dng v tuyn cung cp dch v cho cc giao thc cao hn nh WAP v TCP/IP.

Hnh 2. 13: Kin trc phn mm ca mt h thng v tuyn SDR2.3.5. Kin trc nn tng bng gc a chunTrm gc a chun bao gm mt nn tng phn cng vn nng c th c lp cu hnh cho mt giao din v tuyn c th bng cch ti xung phn mm chc nng tng ng. C th lm c iu ny trong qu trnh khai thc m vn duy tr hot ng ca trm gc. Chc nng ca cc phn t phn mm c ti xung bao gm: t cc ngn xp giao thc n cc gii thut x l lp vt l.Mt nn tng bng gc a chun phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca cc ng dng cn h tr (cc tiu chun v tuyn, cc ch khai thc) v phi h tr nng ng cc hn hp lu lng bin i. So vi cc gii php thng thng, n c cc u im r rng nh: s dng cc ti nguyn phn cng hin c hiu qu hn v m bo c cht lng dch v (QoS).Tnh ht cao cn thit n nh ti nguyn cho vic x l ng xung v ng ln. iu ny i hi nhiu tng cng kin trc v qun l ti nguyn phn cng ng. Mt s b x l tn hiu s v cc khi tng tc iu khin bng phn mm c x dng t c tc bit cao v x l khi lng s liu cao theo yu cu i vi cc chc nng nh hng theo lung bt. Cc phn t ny c ni vi nhau qua bus iu khin v s liu tc cao. V c gim st bi h thng iu khin (b x l a mc ch) (hnh 2.14).Trc khi ti phn mm n cc phn t x l, phn mm c t thng s v lin kt theo chc nng yu cu. Sau b lp biu trong DSP s gi ra cc khi x l theo mt cch thc thch hp.

Hnh 2. 14: Kin trc phn cng ca bng gcCc chui x l (thc th UMTS hay WiMAX ) c th c t hp v c lp cu hnh t b phn dnh ring, b phn chung v b phn gii thut chung ca th vin h thng ph thuc vo giao thc yu cu ca giao din v tuyn (hnh 2.15).

Hnh 2. 15: Khi nim th vin SDR phn cp x l tn hiu bng gcCc th vin b phn h thng dnh ring cung cp cc chc nng duy nht cho mi trng giao din v tuyn c quy nh cho mt tiu chun cho trc (chng hn mc ni cc khi truyn ti, an xen, phn on khung v tuyn).Cc th vin b phn chung ca h thng bao gm cc chc nng h thng chung cho cc giao din v tuyn khc nhau, c th lp cu hnh chung bng cch thit lp cc thng s ph hp chc nng ca tng chun ring. Cc chc nng cn xem xt y bao gm kim tra vng d, tri ph, iu ch v iu khin cng sut..Cc th vin gii thut chung bao gm cc chc nng c s c s dng rng ri trong cc lnh vc vin thng v khoa hc nh cc chc nng lc, bin i Fourier nhanh (FFT) v cc chc nng ton vect.Khi nim th vin SDR phn cp cho php a ra cc gii php kinh t khng ch i vi pht trin phn mm m c i vi b nh cn thit lu gi mt khi lng ln chng trnh phn mm. Tuy nhin, cn c cc nghin cu v nh gi su hn chng minh tnh thc tin ca cch tip cn ny.X l bng gc trc ht c thc hin bng cc thit b kh lp trnh bng phn mm nh DSP v cc b tng tc phn cng (FPGA chng hn). y l mt kh nng a ra cc gii php a chun.Chuyn dch hu ht cc phn phc tp ca kin trc pht thu vo phn s s cho php hot ng trong cc bng tn khc nhau v trong cc tiu chun khc nhau. iu ny cng nh hng tch cc ln gi thnh v mi nm gi ca cc thnh phn x l s gim hai ln trong khi gi ca cc phn t v tuyn tng t ch gim khng qu 10% mi nm.2.3.6. V tuyn kh lp trnh li bng phn mmV tuyn kh lp li cu hnh bng phn mm l mt cng ngh lin quan n nhiu kha cnh t thit b ca ngi s dng n cc nghin cu mc h thng. p ng c mc tiu s dng khi nim kh lp li cu hnh cho vic trin khai v khai thc 3G bng rng, n E2R (End to End Reconfigurability: kh lp li cu hnh u cui u cui) c a ra nghin cu v xut chin lc li cho vic thc hin v tuyn kh lp li cu hnh bng phn mm.Khi nim kh lp li cu hnh cung cp cc c ch cho c mng v u cui la chn ng v thch ng vi nhiu cng ngh v tiu chun truy nhp kh dng. Mc tiu chnh ca n kh lp li cu hnh u cui u cui (E2R: End-to-End Reconfigurability) l vch k hoch, nghin cu pht trin, th nghim v thit k kin trc cho cc thit b kh lp li cu hnh v h tr cc chc nng h thng nhm cung cp mt tp phm vi rng cc la chn hot ng cho cc ngi s dng, cc nh cung cp ng dng v dch v, cc nh khai thc v cc nh qun l trong ng cnh cc h thng khng ng nht. thc hin cc tiu ch ny, mt tp cc gi nghin cu (WP: Work Package) c xut bi n E2R nhm nghin cu tt c cc kha cnh t thit b ca ngi s dng n mc h thng lm cho h thng tr thnh kh lp cu hnh u cui u cui. n E2R gm su gi nghin cu k thut (WP) tng ng vi su vn quan trng trong vin thng: nghin cu h thng E2R (WP1); qun l thit b (WP2); mng h tr cho vic cu hnh li (WP3); m hnh v tuyn kh lp li cu hnh (WP4); pht trin qun l ph v ti nguyn v tuyn (WP5); kim chng E2R trong s pht trin mi trng truyn thng. Thm vo l hai gi nghin cu dnh ring cho qun l v phn phi, chun ha v th nghim.M hnh v tuyn kh lp li cu hnh tp trung vo s pht trin ca iu khin cu hnh ti ch, cc k thut cho ti nguyn lp vt l, chin lc cu hnh li v s pht trin ca ti nguyn vt l kh lp li cu hnh. Nghin cu ny s tin hnh st vi nghin cu v qun l thit b nh r s phn tch qun l cu hnh v chc nng iu khin cng cc giao din ca chng cng nh cc ti nguyn lp vt l. M hnh nghin cu ny s cung cp thng tin kh lp cu hnh lin quan ti lp vt l cho i tng qun l cu hnh v s c trch nhim m bo qu trnh cu hnh li. Kin trc phn cng cng nh vn hnh phn mm cng c bao hm trong .

Hnh 2. 16: M hnh v tuyn kh lp li cu hnhTrn hnh 2.16, cc phn t bng gc s (b chuyn i A/D, b lc, khuch i tp m thp), phn t truyn thng (bus, cc chuyn mch, b nh c chia s), phn t ca u pht thu v tuyn (b x l tn hiu s, b tng tc ng dng ring bit,)... u c kh nng cu hnh li.Cc thit b s c kh nng hot ng tin cy v an ninh trong ng cnh kh lp li cu hnh phi c cc kh nng sau: Gim st v pht hinThit b phi c kh nng nh k kim tra RAT (Radio Access Technology: cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn) mi trong vng phc v c th cung cp kh nng tt hn nh: QoS cao hn, gi thnh trn mc QoS v dch v thp hn. iu ny bao hm c vic thu thp thng k t cc RAT khc nhau nh gi trng thi m phnThit b phi c kh nng m phn cc cung cp dch v vi cc mng kh dng chn ra RAT tt nht Cung cp h trThit b phi c kh nng h tr cc giao thc v c tnh nng giao thc khc nhau. Ty theo ti nguyn v cc kh nng ca thit b, kin trc iu khin v qun l phi cho php chn ng, thay th v lp li cu hnh cc phn t giao thc t cc cc nh sn xut khc nhau Kim traThit b phi c kh nng kim tra mc an ninh ca ngun c ti xung trc khi ti xung v ci t cc phn mm ti xung. Cc kim tra nh nhn thc, trao quyn v ton vn phi c thc hin iu khin v iu phiThit b phi c kh nng iu khin v iu phi (phi hp) vic lp li cu hnh ca cc phn t thit b khc nhau Tng tcThit b phi c kh nng tng tc vi cc thc th ngoi, chng hn cc thc th mng2.4. B KHUCH I CNG SUT A SNG MANG (MCPA)Cc b my pht a sng mang theo truyn thng s dng mt b khuch i cho mt sng mang sau mt b kt hp kt hp thc hin kt hp cc cc sng mang u ra ca tng b khuch i ti mc thp a ln b khuch i cng sut a sng mang (MCPA: Multicarier Power Amplifier) chung to cng sut. y l gii php n gin cho cc my pht a sng mang, tuy nhin MCPA cn c tuyn tnh cao trnh mo iu ch giao thoa v v th n tr nn phc tp hn. Di y ta s xt cc gii php thit k MCPA c tuyn tnh cao v hiu sut tt.2.4.1. Cc k thut khuch i cng sut v tuynTn hiu v tuyn a hp c khuch i v c a n anten qua b lc bng thng. Vng ph v dung lng ca trm gc s quyt nh i lng cng sut yu cu u ra my pht. Mt s tng cng sut c ni ni tip m bo khuch i cn thit tn hiu v tuyn trc khi a ln tng khuch i cng sut cui cng. Cc b khuch i cng sut cao thng c nhiu transistor vi cc u ra u song song. Tng ra tiu thu mt lng cng sut ln. Cc thit b silic (Si) v gallium-arsenide (GaAs) hiu ng trng l cc la chn thch hp cho tn s cng tc 2GHz. 2.4.2. Cc cng ngh MCPA cho WCDMAMCPA cho cc h thng WCDMA phi tha mn cc yu cu sau: Tuyn tnh cao: tha mn cc yu cu ca 3GPP Hiu sut ti u: gim tiu th cng sut trm gcNgoi ra cn mt s yu cu khc nh: c th sn xut t ng vi s lng ln trn ton cu. m bo hai yu cu trn cc MCPA s dng cng ngh sa mo da trn lm mo trc. Lc u cng ngh ny c thc hin trong min tng t, sau chuyn sang min s. Di y ta xt cc cng ngh c la chn cho cc th h ni tip ca MCPA cho WCDMA.2.4.3. MCPA sa mo thun2.4.3.1. S MCPA sa mo thunCng ngh sa mo thun (Feed-forward) c s dng cho MCPA th h u cho WCDMA. S khi ca MCPA sa mo thun cho WCDMA c trnh by trn hnh 2.17.

Hnh 2. 17: MCPA sa mo trc thunTn hiu u vo MCPA sa mo thun c chia thnh hai ng. Tn hiu trong ng trn c khuch i bi b khuch i chnh (MPA: Main Power Amplier), b khuch i ny lm vic trong ch AB. Cc mo phi tuyn trong MPA dn n mo iu ch giao thoa v mo ny cng vo tn hiu. Mu ca tn hiu u ra MPA c a vo b tr (b ghp nh hng), ti y tn hiu b tr bi mt phn tn hiu gc c lm tr (phn di hnh v). L tng, ton b tn hiu gc b loi b. Tuy nhin trong thc t ch c th nn tn hiu t 25dB n 30 dB. Trn hnh 2.17, thao tc loi b sng mang c nh du l vng 1. Tn hiu li c khuch i tuyn tnh trong b khuch i li (EPA: Error Power Amplifier) n mc cn thit loi b mo trong ng chnh, sau c a n b ghp u ra. Tn hiu u ra MPA c tr ph hp vi ng khuch i li. Mo ca hai ng c cng ngc pha nhau v l tng s ch cn li tn hiu gc ti u ra ca b khuch i cng sut a sng mang (MCPA).2.4.3.2. Lm mo trc v tuyn tng tC th ci thin MPA bng cch s dng mt b lm mo trc c hm truyn t b tr hm truyn t ca MPA. Cu hnh trong b lm mo trc v b khuch i cng sut chnh u ni tng c h thng c mo thp c trnh by trn hnh 2.18. Phn t phi tuyn lm mo trc hot ng ti tn s v tuyn. Phng php ny c u im l tuyn ha ton b bng thng ca b khuch i.

Hnh 2. 18: Nguyn l lm mo trcLm mo trc khng a thm suy hao vo u ra sng mang, v mo c b tr ti u vo. V th hiu sut ca b khuch i khng b nh hng. 2.4.3.3. B khuch i cng sut, PA

Hnh 2. 19: Thit k b khuch i cng sutKin trc tng th ca b khuch i cng sut (PA) c trnh by trn hnh 2.19. Ti u vo b suy gim kh bin c th iu khin ton b khuch i. B tin khuch i (Preamp) c thc hin bng cc khi khuch i bng rng. B kch (Driver) c thc hin trn GaAs cn b khuch i chnh (Main Amp) c thc hin trn GaN hoc LD-MOS); cc b ny c iu khin thng qua in p m cng v dng nui bi giao din iu khin khuch i (Amp Control) c ni n khi iu khin (Control Unit). B ghp (Coupler) nh gi cng sut ra cho gim st, hot ng phn hi v o cng sut. B circulator cng bi b tch cng sut c s dng pht hin phn x t anten v ci thin VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio: t s sng ng in p). Tt c cc chc nng trong PA c iu khin s bi khi iu khin. Tng cui cng trong mule trn l phn quan trng nht lin quan dn hiu sut v kh nng bng rng. Ngoi ra do tha s nh trong tn hiu UMTS hay PAPR cao (>11dB), nn tuyn tnh l mt vn quan trng m bo cc yu cu v ACLR.V cn bn c hai khi nim thit k cho b khuch i chnh. Khi nim a bng phn chia ton b bng thng thnh cc bng thnh phn v s dng cc phn t kh iu chnh cng vi kh chuyn mch thc hin iu chnh kh lp cu hnh. Khi nim bng rng tht s da trn gii php ch iu chnh c nh mt ln v y l gii php thc hin n gin hn, nhng yu cu cao i vi cc transistor trong b khuch i. Hin nay gii php th hai c a dng hn.Cng sut cao trong ng dng bng rng i hi in p cng tc cao. V th nn dng cc vt liu c khong trng gia cc bng ln vi in p nh xuyn cao. Mt khc m bo bng thng rng, yu cu dao ng k sinh phi thp dn n kch thc transistor phi nh. Hin nay i vi vng ph sng trung bnh vt liu GaN l ph hp nht cho transitor m bo ng thi tnh di ng cao ca in t v dn nhit cao ( c khuch i cao khi kch thc transistor nh). 2.4.3.4. Cng ngh thc hinMt s thch thc thit k sau y cn gii quyt t c hot ng nh m t trn: Do bn thn MPA phi c tuyn tnh tt v bng thng m bo cng nh hiu sut ph hp nn b khuych i ch AB c thit k da trn cc transistor LD-MOS (Lateral Diffusion Metal-Oxide Semiconductor: bn dn kim loi-oxt khuch tn hai pha). Vi cng ngh ny, ti t l d knh ln cn (ACLR: Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio) -40dBc, hiu sut MPA t vo khong 20%. Vng 1 v vng 2 phi c bng phng pha v bin tt m bo loi b tt trong mi vng. bng phng c iu chnh bng in trong qu tnh sn xut, ngha l vi chnh bng tay khng cn thit. iu khin vng thch ng m bo n nh vng tt. B x l tn hiu s (DSP) c s dng cho iu khin ny Tr (2) trong vng 2 phi c tn hao thp gim tn hao cng sut u ra cng nh nhit. Tn hao qu ln s gim hiu sut MCPA. gim thiu tn hao, cc phn t tr phi c thc hin bng b lc bng thng hc cng hng. loi mo, EPA (b khuch i cng sut li) phi c bng thng gp nm ln bng thng tn hiu MCPACn m bo kt hp tuyn tnh tt v hiu sut tt cho EPA v n phi khuch i mo t MPA m khng a thm mo. V hiu sut tt l mt trong cc mc tiu thit k hng u, nn cn gim thiu tiu th cng sut trong EPA.2.4.3.5. nh gi hiu sutCc nh ngha di y cn thit so snh cc gi tr hiu sut (hnh 2.20): Hiu sut b khuch i bao gm c b kch v cc tng cui cng nh tn hao trong mng u ra ca PA Hiu sut khi v tuyn (RU: Radio Unit) bao gm c b chuyn i DC/DC, khi TRX v PA nh nh ngha trn.

Hnh 2. 20: nh ngha hiu sutHiu sut ti cng sut cc i (46dBm/40W) RU trn c s MPCA sa mo thun l 10%. iu ny c ngha l RU tiu th cng sut 400W.2.4.3.6. nh gi t l d knh ln cn (ACLR) v pht x nhiu ginh gi cho thy t l d knh ln cn v pht x nhiu gi thp hn nhiu so vi cc gi tr cc i cho php2.4.3.7. Thng s k thut MCPATh d v thng s k thut ca MCPA c cho trong bng 2.2.Bng 2. 2: Thng s k thut MCPAH s khuch i52dB

bng phng khuch i0,5dB

Cng sut u ra46dBm (40W)

tuyn tnh- Knh ln cn th nht ALCR1