THERMAL COMFORT IN CIPULIR MARKET

RESEARCH METHODOLOGYARCHITECTURE

BY: SITI YAUMLIA SALSA (13.036)

Definition

Thermal comfort is the condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment and is assessed by subjective evaluation (ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55).Thermal environment is those characteristics of the environment which affects a person's heat loss. In terms of bodily sensations, thermal comfort is a sensation of hot, warm, slightly warmer, neutral, slightly cooler, cool and cold.

FACTORS AFFECT HUMAN THERMAL COMFORT

Internationalstandard, iso 7730-1994 [2.8] states that there are six combination variables which are believed to establish the human comfort condition, i.E.Air temperature, mean radiant temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, man activity level, and clothing type.

A.Climatic parameters

1.Air temperature (oc)

2.Meant radiant temperature (mrt)

3.Relative humidity (%)

4.Air velocity (m/s)

B.Subjective parameters

5.Metabolic rate (met)

6.Clothing ensemble (clo)

Climatic Factors

• Air Temperature

This is the temperature of the air surrounding the body. It is usually given in degrees Celsius (°C) or degrees Fahrenheit (°F).

• Radiant temperature

Thermal radiation is the heat that radiates from a warm object. Radiant heat may be present if there are heat sources in an environment. Radiant temperature has a greater influence than air temperature on how we lose or gain heat to the environment. Our skin absorbs almost as much radiant energy as a matt black object, although this may be reduced by wearing reflective clothing. Examples of radiant heat sources include: the sun; fire; electric fires; furnaces; steam rollers; ovens; walls in kilns; cookers; dryers; hot surfaces and machinery, molten metals etc.

Climatic Factors

• Air Velocity

Air velocity is an important factor in thermal comfort because people are sensitive to it Still or stagnant air in indoor environments that are artificially heated may cause people to feel stuffy. It may also lead to a build-up in odor Moving air in warm or humid conditions can increase heat loss through convection without any change in air temperature.

Climatic Factors

Climatic Factors

• Relative HumidityRelative Humidity If water is heated and it evaporates to the surrounding environment, the resulting amount of water in the air will provide humidity. Relative humidity is the ratio between the actual amount of water vapor in the air and the maximum amount of water vapor that the air can hold at that air temperature. Relative humidity between 40% and 70% does not have a major impact on thermal comfort. in workplaces which are not air conditioned, or where the climatic conditions outdoors may influence the indoor thermal environment, relative humidity may be higher than 70% on warm or hot humid days. High humidity environments have a lot of vapor in the air, which prevents the evaporation of sweat from the skin. In hot environments, humidity is important because less sweat evaporates when humidity is high (80%+). The evaporation of sweat is the main method of heat loss in humans.

Subjective factors

Clothing Insulation :

Personal factors: Clothing Insulation Clothing, by its very nature, interferes with our ability to lose heat to the environment. Thermal comfort is very much dependent on the insulating effect of clothing on the wearer. Clothing is both a potential cause of thermal discomfort as well as a control for it as we adapt to the climate in which we live and play.

• Metabolic Rate:

Metabolic Rate The work or metabolic rate, is essential for a thermal risk assessment. It describes the heat that we produce inside our bodies as we carry out physical activity. The more physical work we do, the more heat we produce. The more heat we produce, the more heat needs to be lost so we don’t overheat. The impact of metabolic rate on thermal comfort is critical. When considering these factors, it is also essential to consider a person's own physical characteristics.

Location

Cipulir wholesale marketCipulir wholesale market is one of the wholesale market in Jakarta. This Cipulir markets such as Tanah

Abang market which sells a variety of apparel and textile products on a wholesale basis. Cipulir market is

located in south Jakarta, on Ciledug raya street , Cipulir. Market that has been established since 1989,

included a wholesale center in Jakarta. Many a reference sellers looking for merchandise wholesalers.

Buyers in the wholesale market Cipulir also varied, ranging from people around Jakarta and outside

Jakarta.

Cipulir market wholesale market is quite large and spacious enough. Cipulir market is also divided into

two parts, namely inpres market and ITC Cipulir mas. This division is done based on the establishment of

the market, namely the old market and newer markets, and it is definitely inpres market is a market that

has been established previously. At the inpres market, goods sold is a variety of apparel products or

clothing materials. The opening hours of this inpres market ranging from 05.00 until 15.00.

Exhisting condition

Measurement Detail

• Date and time :14 april 2015 on 2 pm - 3.30 pm (50 respondent)

15 april 2015 on 8 pm-9 pm (10 respondent)

16 april 2015 on 10am - 11am (20 respondent)

• Number of respondent: 80 person

NO SUBJECT GENDER AGE HEIGHT(CM) WEIGHT (KG) TA © RH (%) VA (M/S)THERMAL VOTE

(ASHRAE) THERMAL VOTE (BD 4) THERMAL PREFERENCES

1 A1 1 30 160 60 33 69 0,6 -1 0 -1

2 A2 2 50 160 80 33 69 0,6 1 2 -1

3 A3 2 23 150 45 32 66 0,4 0 0 -1

4 A4 1 47 175 48 33 66 0,4 3 3 -1

5 A5 1 35 170 52 33,5 60 0,3 2 2 -1

6 A6 2 19 150 45 33,5 60 0,3 2 1 -1

7 A7 1 50 179 80 32,5 57 0,4 2 -2 1

8 A8 2 35 160 60 32,5 55 0,4 2 1 -1

9 A9 2 23 150 50 32,5 55 0,4 2 1 -1

10 A10 1 19 165 57 33 62 0,3 1 1 -1

11 A11 1 35 170 50 34 60 0,4 2 1 -1

12 A12 1 42 167 80 34 60 0,4 2 1 -1

13 A13 1 41 165 67 33 65 0,4 3 3 -1

14 A14 1 48 167 62 33 62 0,7 1 0 -1

15 A15 1 22 167 50 33,5 63 1 2 1 -1

16 A16 1 17 165 55 33,5 62 0,4 2 0 -1

17 A17 1 60 170 60 34 59 1,3 1 2 -1

18 A18 1 38 160 55 34 59 1,3 1 0 0

19 A19 2 45 156 46 33 60 0,7 1 1 -1

Tools

54

26

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Male Female

GENDER

GENDER

AGE

MIN 17

AVERAGE 37,9

MAX 90

20

27

25

8

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1= <25 2= 25-40 3= 40-55 4= 55<

AGE

GENDER

18

14

38

10

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

<160cm 160 161cm-170cm >170cm

HEIGHT

HEIGHT

MIN 150

AVARAGE 164,1

MAX 180

HEIGHT

12

22

32

14

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

<50 kg 50kg-60kg 60kg-70kg >70kg

WEIGHT

WEIGHT

MIN 45

AVERAGE 60,9

MAX 88

WEIGHT

Rh (%)

MIN 47

AVERAGE 61,5625

MAX 80

13

48

19

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

<50% 50%-65% >65%

Rh (%)

RELATIVE HUMIDITY

Va (m/s)

MIN 0,3

AVERAGE 0,5825

MAX 1,3

35

25

20

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

<0,5 m/s 0,5m/s-0,7 m/s >0,7 m/s

Va (m/s)

AIR VELOCITY

Ta0C

MIN 280C

AVERAGE 33,80C

MAX 380C

7

54

19

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

<30 30-35 >35

Ta 0C

AIR TEMPERATURE

0

43

26

15

23

9

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

Thermal Vote (Ashrae)

THERMAL VOTE (ASHRAE)

THERMAL VOTE (ASHRAE)

y = 0,1981x - 5,7125R² = 0,1712

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Thermal Vote (Ashrae)COMFORT TEMPERATURE = X

BASE ON THAT DATA

Y= 0

X= 5,7125 / 0,1981 – 0

X=28,9 0C

01

4

29

24

11 11

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

Thermal Vote (Bd 4)

THERMAL VOTE (Bd 4)

y = 0.1187x - 3.0933R² = 0.0748

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Thermal Vote (Bd 4)

THERMAL VOTE (Bd 4)

COMFORT TEMPERATURE = X

BASE ON THAT DATA

Y= 0

X= 3,0933 / 0,1187 – 0

X=26,1 0C

THERMAL PREFERENCE

COOLER 52

NETRAL 23

WARMER 5

52

23

5

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

cooler netral warmer

THERMAL PREFERENCE

References

• http://cbe.berkeley.edu/underfloorair/thermalcomfort.htm

• http://www.usahabajumurah.com/2014/03/pasar-Cipulir-grosir.html

• https://all2lnk.com/?l=b3523da4f71ab75d34e1613e6704a4c6&adwpl=513724&SSPDATA=sin1CMDlkpuf3Jr_JBACGNu-gvTbicO9USIOMTgwLjI1MC42Ni4xMzAoATDOu82pBQ..

• http://www.hse.gov.uk/temperature/thermal/factors.htm

• http://www.intechopen.com/books/chemistry-emission-control-radioactive-pollution-and-indoor-air-quality/olfactory-comfort-assurance-in-buildings