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Thermal and Moisture Protection

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Major Topics

Waterproofing Membrane Clay Cementitious

Dampproofing Hot-applied Cold-applied

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Major Topics con’t

Building Insulation Rigid Mineral Fiber Loose-fill Foamed-in-place

Roofing Low slope vs. steep Types of roofing materials

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Major Topics con’t

Flashing Siding Sealants

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Waterproofing

As defined in ASTM D1079: “the treatment of a surface or a structure to prevent the passage of water under hydrostatic pressure.”

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Membrane

Fluid-applied membranes are usually: Polyurethane Hot Rubberized Asphalt – not as

elastic as polyurethane and requires a thicker coat

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Sheet Membranes

Butyl synthetic rubber sheet [60 mils thick]

Ethylene propylene diene monomers (EPDM) [min. 1/16” thick]

Pre-molded bituminous [7 ply] Rubberized asphalt [56 mils] Self-adhesive butyl [60 mils-

requires adhesive primer]

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Bituminous

Usually applied on vertical below-grade surfaces

Hot coal-tar pitch or hot asphalt The number of plies, overall

thickness, and content vary according to the depth of the hydrostatic head (in ft. – all increase as the depth increases)

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Clay waterproofing

Bentonite clay – when wet, it expands to between 10 to 15 times its dry volume.

It is typically mixed with water & sprayed in place (also available in dry sheets between cardboard)

Placed below grade to exterior surfaces

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Cementitious Waterproofing

Composed of portland cement, aggregate, and an acrylic or plastic admix.

It may also contain iron fillers (then known as iron oxide waterproofing)

Hydraulic cement – another form of cementitious waterproofing used to seal holes, cracks and open joints (often in free-flowing water)

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Dampproofing

May be hot- or cold- applied Hot consists of an asphalt primer

or a coal-tar-based primer Used on the exterior of buildings-

not interior because of lingering odor and the problems associated with using “hot” products indoors.

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Building Insulation

Usually added to the roof, walls, and floors of a structure

4 basic classifications are: Rigid board Mineral fiber Loose fill Foamed-in-place

Listed according to their R-Values

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Rigid Insulation Usable in all parts of a building –usually in a board form Most are [Resistance/inch]:

Polystyrene – sensitive to daylight, give off carbon monoxide while burning

Polyurethane [6.25] – may expand after exposure to moisture Polyisocyanurate [7.2] Perlite [2.78] – will not burn, tends to absorb water Phenolic [8.3] –breaks easily, corrodes metal Cellular glass block- [2.5] – breaks easily, deteriorates if exposed to

freezing & thawing Organic fiber – roofing systems primary use, wood fibers and water

resistant binders Glass fiber Composites – take advantage of high R-values of some materials in

combination with the stability of others

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Mineral Fiber Insulation

Products made from fibers from rock, slag, or glass

Naturally resistant to fire, moisture, and vermin

May be semi-rigid boards, batts, or blankets (longer than batts and sold in large rolls). Intended to fit between studs (16” or 24” o.c.)

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Loose-fill Insulation

Comprised of fibers, granules, or chips

May be poured or “blown” into attics or wall cavities

Common additives may include: adhesives, and chemical treatments to resist fire and vermin

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Foamed-in-place Insulation

Created by a chemical reaction that expands a mixture of components as much as 30 times

Curing typically takes from 24-72 hours, at which time the mixture solidifies into a cellular plastic

Care must be taken not to “overfill” a cavity

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Roofing

Low slope – in general, these are roofs which slope less than 11/2”/ft.

On low slope roofs a system of compatible components is selected to work together to form a waterproof membrane

Common systems used are: built-up roof or single-ply

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Examples of Single-Ply Membranes

EPDM – factory cured elastomer, bonded to themselves using adhesives

CSPE (DuPont Hypalon) –synthetic rubber, may also be liquid

CPE – un-reinforced or polyester reinforced sheet material

PIB – formulated from isobutylene and other polymers, carbon black, and additional additives

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Example of Built-up Roof

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Steep Roofing

Slopes exceed 11/2”/ft. Many materials used in modern

roofing practices existed centuries ago (clay tiles, and stone)

Material used is based on: cost criteria, slope of roof, expected service life, wind resistance, fire resistance, and local climate.

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Roofing Material and Slope

Min. Slope

Type of roof

2 in 12 Asphalt shingles

3 in 12 Mineral fiber-cement shingles, wood shakes or shingles

4 in 12 Slate shingles, concrete tile (other than flat)

5 in 12 Flat clay tile, concrete tile

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Roofing Underlayment

Should be asphalt-saturated felt (usually a No. 15 or No. 30 used, may require more than 1 layer-depending on roofing material selected)

Applied immediately after the roof sheathing is in place

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Underlayment Performs These Functions:

Protects sheathing from moisture absorption

Prevents the entrance of wind-driven rain onto sheathing

Prevents direct contact between asphalt shingles and resinous areas in wood sheathing (chemically incompatible-may damage shingles)

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Types of Roofing Materials

Asphalt shingles Slate Tile Mineral-Fiber-Cement shingles Wood shingles and shakes Metal

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Roofing Styles

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Examples

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Examples

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Examples of Roofing

http://www.tricityroofing.com/types.html

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Comparison of Types of Roofing

http://aihomeinspection.com/exterior.html

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Flashing

Should be installed at all intersections of other roofs, walls, and projections from roof.

Flashing should be made of corrosion resistant materials such as: Galvanized or stainless steel (min 26 gauge) Aluminum (0.019 inch min.) –avoid using next

to masonry Copper (16 oz.) –if not lead coated…may stain

surrounding materials Flexible sheet- made of PVC or modified

polymers-used in single-ply & some BUR

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Typical Locations for Flashing

Valleys –joint formed by 2 sloping roofs

Chimney Eaves – ice forming along the

eaves Drip edge All roof penetrations

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Siding The type of wall siding selected depends on

cost, expected life service, wind resistance, fire resistance, local climate, and maintenance.

Possible materials include: Mineral-Fiber-Cement shingles Wood shingles & shakes Aluminum and Vinyl siding Wood or Hardboard siding

Bevel, Tongue & Groove, Lap, Board and Batten

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Sealants Basic types of building sealants include:

Elastomeric (rubber like) –polysulfides, silicone, polyurethane [expansion joints]

Solvent release curing [small-joints (3/16” or less] Latex emulsion [small interior joints, doors,windows] Tape [glazing, concealing lap joints] Acoustical [seal sound transmission, electrical

outlets] Preformed Foam Oil-based caulking compounds [doors, windows,

masonry subject to little or no movement]