theresienstadt or terezin? ghetto or concentration camp?

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Theresienstadt Theresienstadt or Terezin? or Terezin? Ghetto or Ghetto or Concentration Concentration Camp? Camp?

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Page 1: Theresienstadt or Terezin? Ghetto or Concentration Camp?

Theresienstadt or Theresienstadt or Terezin? Terezin? Ghetto or Ghetto or

Concentration Concentration Camp?Camp?

Page 2: Theresienstadt or Terezin? Ghetto or Concentration Camp?

Early HistoryEarly History 1780 built by Josef II1780 built by Josef II 40 miles north of 40 miles north of

PraguePrague Large Fortress was the Large Fortress was the

garrison towngarrison town Small Fortress was Small Fortress was

political/military prisonpolitical/military prison Prisoners included Prisoners included

Gavrilo PrincepsGavrilo Princeps Largest Austrian POW Largest Austrian POW

camp of World War Icamp of World War I

Page 3: Theresienstadt or Terezin? Ghetto or Concentration Camp?

Terezin During Interwar YearsTerezin During Interwar Years1919-19391919-1939

Remained a garrisonRemained a garrison

Housed 3700 CiviliansHoused 3700 Civilians

Housed 3500 SoldiersHoused 3500 Soldiers

Page 4: Theresienstadt or Terezin? Ghetto or Concentration Camp?

German Takeover of German Takeover of CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia

Spring 1939 - Germany takes CzechoslovakiaSpring 1939 - Germany takes Czechoslovakia German Jewish Refugees endangeredGerman Jewish Refugees endangered Repatriation of Germans displaces Czech JewsRepatriation of Germans displaces Czech Jews

Page 5: Theresienstadt or Terezin? Ghetto or Concentration Camp?

Prague Jewish CouncilPrague Jewish CouncilSpring 1939 – Fall 1941Spring 1939 – Fall 1941

Persuaded Germans to use Czech Jewish labor Persuaded Germans to use Czech Jewish labor inside Czechoslovakiainside Czechoslovakia

Persuaded Germans to open a Ghetto for Persuaded Germans to open a Ghetto for Czech Jews at Theresienstadt to “protect” Czech Jews at Theresienstadt to “protect” Czech JewsCzech Jews

Organized work battalions to ready the garrison Organized work battalions to ready the garrison for moving Czech Jews to Terezinfor moving Czech Jews to Terezin

September 1941 - Reinhold Heydrich appointed September 1941 - Reinhold Heydrich appointed acting protector of Bohemia/Moraviaacting protector of Bohemia/Moravia

Page 6: Theresienstadt or Terezin? Ghetto or Concentration Camp?

Czech Jews Displaced to TerezinCzech Jews Displaced to Terezin

By end of 1941 7,365 By end of 1941 7,365 Czech Jews arrivedCzech Jews arrived

By May 1942, 28,887 By May 1942, 28,887 Czech Jews lived in Czech Jews lived in TerezinTerezin

Until liberation there Until liberation there was a persistent was a persistent population of 30-population of 30-40,000 Jews at Terezin40,000 Jews at Terezin

Page 7: Theresienstadt or Terezin? Ghetto or Concentration Camp?

Transports to the EastTransports to the EastJanuary 1942-1945January 1942-1945

140,000 Jews 140,000 Jews transported to transported to TerezinTerezin

15,000 children came 15,000 children came to Terezinto Terezin

88,000 deported to 88,000 deported to Death CampsDeath Camps

33,000 died in Terezin33,000 died in Terezin 19,000 Jews in 19,000 Jews in

Terezin, May 1945Terezin, May 1945 3000 survived Death 3000 survived Death

CampsCamps

Page 8: Theresienstadt or Terezin? Ghetto or Concentration Camp?

Life in TerezinLife in Terezin