The world is flatby Thomas Friedman

• 1st book was published on April 2005

How the world became flat?

The Three Eras of Globalization

Era Year / Dynamic Force / Key Agent of Change

Primary Question of the Era

Size of the world(Effect of the Globalization)

Globalization 1.01492 (Columbus set sail) to 1800

How brawn, how much muscle, horsepower, wind power, or steam power

- Where does my country fit into global competition and opportunities?- How can I go global and collaborate with others through my country?

from size large to sizemedium

Globalization 2.0 1800 to 2000Breakthroughs in hardwares

- Where does my company fit into the global economy? - How does it takeadvantage of the opportunities?

from size medium to size small

Globalization 3.0 2000 to presentConnectivity and softwares

- Where do I as an individual, fit into the global competition and opportunities of the day, and how can I, on my own, collaborate with others globally?

from size small to size tiny and flattening theplaying field at the same time

Globalization 1.0

Globalization 2.0

Globalization 3.0

Countries globalizing

Companies globalizing

Individuals to collaborate and compete globally

the driving force to

the driving force to

Globalization 1.0

1492 – Columbus set sail, opening trade between the old world and the new world

• This era is about countries and muscles

Globalization 2.0Interrupted by

The Great depression

World I and II

Driving Force

Multinational companies went global for markets and

labors

Spearheaded first by the expansion of the Dutch and

English joint-stock companies and the industrial revolution

1st half of the EraTransportation costs : steam engine, railroad

2nd Half of the Era

• Telecommunication costs (telegraphs, telephones, PC, satellites, fiber-optic cables, early versions of World Wide Web

• Seen the maturation of global economy

Globalization 3.0 / New Era

• Flattening and shrinking the world

• More driven not only by individuals but also by a much more diverse, non-western, non-white group of individuals

• All individuals around the world are being empowered

• Makes it possible for so many more people to plug in and play

European and American individuals and businesses drives primarily the globalization (though China actually had the biggest economy in the world in the 21st century)

“Flat – World Platform”

• Is the product of a convergence of the personal computer, with fiber-optic cable, with the rise of work flow software (which enabled individuals all over the world to collaborate on the same digital content from anywhere, regardless of the distances between them)

• Individuals compete / collaborate with individuals

• The world has changed in profound and unsettling ways

• The flattening happens at warp speed and directly or indirectly touching a lot more people on the planet at once (compound to the discovery of printing process)

HOW THE WORLD BECAME FLATTHE TEN FORCES THAT FLATTENED THE WORLD

Flattener #1: The New Age of Creativity

11/9/89

• When the Walls came down and the Windows went up

• The Fall of Berlin Wall

• Tipped the balance of power across the word toward those advocating democratic, consensual, free-market-oriented governance

Cold War – struggle between capitalism and communism

lead to the European union

advent of Euro

Apple II – Steve Jobs & Steve Wozniak (1977)

IBM PC (1981)

Windows (1985)

Windows 3.0 – shipped on May 22, 1990 (6 months after the

wall went down)

men and women author their own content right

from their desktop to digital form

• Break barrier (not just geographically, but also economically

• China and India also started to open their economy

Productivity demands faxes, PCs, modems

Flattener #2 : The Age of Connectivity

8 / 9 / 95

• Internet and World Wide Web

Internet

• Network of networks

• Basically made up of computers and cables

• Invented by Vint Cerf & Bob Khan• Figure out how this could be used to send around little “packets” of information

• ELECTRONIC MEAL

World Wide Web

• a system for creating, organizing, and linking documents so they could easily browse over the Internet

• Developed by British computer scientist, Tim Berners Lee