the sudan: 25 years of independence || important dates in the modern history of the sudan

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Important Dates in the Modern History of the Sudan Author(s): Osman Hassan Ahmed and Mamoun A. Yousif Source: Africa Today, Vol. 28, No. 2, The Sudan: 25 Years of Independence (2nd Qtr., 1981), pp. 13-14 Published by: Indiana University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4185994 . Accessed: 17/06/2014 01:17 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. . Indiana University Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Africa Today. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 195.34.78.244 on Tue, 17 Jun 2014 01:17:11 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

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Page 1: The Sudan: 25 Years of Independence || Important Dates in the Modern History of the Sudan

Important Dates in the Modern History of the SudanAuthor(s): Osman Hassan Ahmed and Mamoun A. YousifSource: Africa Today, Vol. 28, No. 2, The Sudan: 25 Years of Independence (2nd Qtr., 1981), pp.13-14Published by: Indiana University PressStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4185994 .

Accessed: 17/06/2014 01:17

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].

.

Indiana University Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Africa Today.

http://www.jstor.org

This content downloaded from 195.34.78.244 on Tue, 17 Jun 2014 01:17:11 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

Page 2: The Sudan: 25 Years of Independence || Important Dates in the Modern History of the Sudan

Important Dates in the

Modern History of the Sudan Osman Hassan Ahmed and Mamoun A. Yousif, compilers

1821 The Turko-Egyptian Conquest of the Northern Sudan and the establishment of the Northern Sudan as an administrative unit.

1840 The successful penetration of the Sudd to establish a river route to equatorial Africa; and the beginning of the end of the isolation of the South.

1881 The beginning of the revolt against foreign rule led by Mohamed Ahmed El Mahdi.

1885 The Fall of Khartoum and the establishment of the Mahdist State with Omdurman as its capitol.

1899 The Anglo-Egyptian Conquest of the Sudan and the initiation of the Condominium rule in the Sudan.

1924 Abortive uprising in Khartoum against the Condominium rule. 1930 The inauguration of the Southern Sudan Policy that led to

separate administrative systems for northern and southern Sudan, and the restriction of northern influence in the south.

1938 The establishment of the Graduate Congress that signaled the rise of Modern Sudanese Nationalism.

1945 The creation of Sudanese political parties; some calling for union with Egypt, others demanding Independence.

1946 The reversal of Southern Policy that resulted in casting the lot of the South with the North after 16 years of separate administra- tion.

1947 The convening of the Juba Conference attended by Northern, Southern and British representatives to discuss future north-south relations.

1948 Creation of a legislative assembly in Khartoum. Boycotted by some political parties.

1953 The Anglo-Egyptian agreement granting the Sudanese the right of self-determination.

1953 The first parliamentary elections in the Sudan were held. The alliance of the Unionist Parties led by Israeli El Azhari won the election and formed the transitional Sudanese government.

1954 Formation of the first southern political party, the Southern Liberal Party.

Osman Hassan Ahmed is Acting Cultural Counsellor at the Embassy of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan, Washington, D.C. Mamoun A. Yousif is in the last stages of work toward his Ph.d. at George Washington University.

2nd Quarter, 1981 13

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Page 3: The Sudan: 25 Years of Independence || Important Dates in the Modern History of the Sudan

1955 Revolt of Southern troops stationed in the South against the government.

1955 The Sudanese government announced the abandonment of its policy of a link with Egypt.

1956 The Declaration of Sudanese Independence. 1958 Military Coup led by Lt. General Ibrahim Abboud. Banning of

political parties, suspending of provisional constitution and the dismissal of parliament.

1960 Formation of a Southem Political Organization, Sudan African Closed Districts National Union (SACDNU) in exile.

1960 Vigorous implementation of the government's policy of Arabiza- tion and Islamization in the South.

1963 The birth of the Anya-Nya guerrilla movement in the south to fight against perceived northern domination.

1964 Expulsion of foreign missionaries from the South. 1964 A popular revolution precipitated the fall of the Abboud Military

Regime in October and the return of parliamentary government and political parties.

1965 Convening of the Round Table Conference on the problem of Southern Sudan.

1969 A successful coup was staged by a young group of army officers led by Gaafar Mohamed Nimiery. The establishment of a leftist government with communist participation.

1969 Declaration of Policy of Regional autonomy for the Southern re- gion.

1970 The quashing of an armed rebellion led by Imam Al Hadi Al Mahdi, leader of the Ansar sect.

1971 Abortive communist coup. 1971 General Gaafar Mohammed Nimiery was elected President in a

general plebiscite. 1972 The Addis Ababa Agreement granting autonomy to the Southern

Sudan and ending the Civil War. 1973 Ratification of the permanent Constitution of the Democratic

Republic of the Sudan. 1976 Opposition Forces of the National Front stationed in Libya staged

an abortive coup. 1976 Joint Defence Accord between the Sudan & Egypt. 1977 National Reconciliation and the return of some of the opposition

leaders from exile. (Sadig El Mhadi and Moslem Brothers leaders.)

1980 Implementation of regionalization by establishing five regions in addition to the Southern region.

14 AFRICA TODAY

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