the spread of buddhism theravada school mahayana school
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The Spread of BuddhismTheravada SchoolMahayana School
After the Buddha The SanghaSangha: Small community of monks established at the first sermon in the Deer Park
Monks wandered spreading the word of Buddhism across India
Councils met to discuss sutras. Council meeting in 383BC resulted in a divisionSthaviradada: argued to keep the sutras unchangedMahasanghika: argued for a more literature to be included in the sutra
Resulted in 2 branches: Theravada SchoolMahayana School
Branches of BuddhismTheravada SchoolLittle VehicleWay of the EldersConservative
Mahayana SchoolNorthern SchoolThe Greater VehicleMore liberal
TEXTBOOK MAPPING EXERCISE: Page 194
Spread of Buddhism
Comparison
Comparison continued
AgreementsThe Buddha is the only masterOne must take refuge in the Buddha, dharma and SanghaThis world was not created and ruled by a godOne must follow the example of the BuddhaOne must accept the Four Noble TruthsAll things are impermanent
Tibetan Tantra Buddhism or Vajrayana - BuddhismIn a nutshell!
Tibetan Buddhism HistoryBon religion indigenous religion of Tibet, animistic (believing that nature is pervaded by good and evil spirits) shamanistic
Buddhism and Hinduism Initially introduced late 8th century more steadily from the 13th century onwards
The Great tantric mystic Guru Rinpoche blended these three religions in 774 CE resulting in Tibetan Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism - politicsTibetan Buddhism dominated Mongolia and Manchuria.
Gave rise to a Theocracy hierarchy of monks or Lamas that govern the country
Dali Lama is both the worldly and spiritual authority
Tibetan Buddhist Sacred Texts
Buddhist text were translated into Tibetan 11th 14th Centuries.
Many text survived in Tibetan translations only
The most famous Tibetan Buddhist text is the Bardo Thodol, popularly known as the Tibetan Book of the Dead.
Describes the experiences of the soul during the interval between death and rebirth. It is recited by lamas over a dying or recently deceased person
Tibetan Buddhism BeliefsSimilarities with Mahayana Buddhism
pantheon of Buddhas, bodhisattvas, and Dharma protectors4 Noble TruthsEight-Fold PathCompassionMonastic life3 baskets Tripitaka rituals such as food and flower offeringsReligious pilgrimagesReligious festivalsMantras and MudrasBodhisattvas
Tibetan Buddhism Beliefs cont.Unique to Tibetan Buddhism
religious pilgrimages
chanting prayers
Prayer wheels
Prostrating
Mandalas
Tibetan Buddhism Beliefs cont.Cham: a dance featuring sacred masked dances, sacred music, healing chants, and spectacular richly ornamented multi-colored costumes
Mudras - used by the monks to invite spiritual energies which generate wisdom, compassion.
monastic debate
Tibetan Beliefs - Images
Philosophy Fight fire with fireVajra diamond. Buddha elevated to a savior holding a diamond scepter evokes the energetic rigor and clarity of the diamond
Task: to shut off the energy of desire to accomplish the cessation of suffering
How: Harness this energy (of desire) and turn it against itself to propel the individual towards enlightenment.
Method: Chanting, Mandalas, mudras, sex
Tibet TodayClergy: Lamas (Oligarchy)
Present Dali Lama - 14th in a direct line of succession through rebirth
won Nobel Peace Prize 1989
Currently living in exile in Northern India
Tibet currently claimed by the Peoples Republic of China