the soviet union & eastern europe

The Soviet Union & The Soviet Union & Eastern EuropeEastern Europe

20-220-2

Key TermsKey Terms

Heavy industry – the manufacture of Heavy industry – the manufacture of machines & equipment for factories machines & equipment for factories & mines& mines

De-Stalinization – the process of De-Stalinization – the process of eliminating the more ruthless polices eliminating the more ruthless polices of Stalinof Stalin

Wiki PostWiki Post

Do you have your own bedroom? Do you have your own bedroom?

**During this time, the average **During this time, the average Russian family lived in a one-room Russian family lived in a one-room apartment**apartment**

Identify the six Soviet satellite Identify the six Soviet satellite states.states.

6

5

4

3

2

1

Soviet Union

After World War IIAfter World War II

1992, a British expert on the Soviet 1992, a British expert on the Soviet military released a report indicating that military released a report indicating that the SU’s losses during WW2 were even the SU’s losses during WW2 were even more staggering than previously believedmore staggering than previously believed Soviet deaths estimated to have been as high Soviet deaths estimated to have been as high

as 49 million (30% of its people)as 49 million (30% of its people) This may hold a key to the beginning of the This may hold a key to the beginning of the

Cold WarCold War Stalin may have been deliberately hostile to Stalin may have been deliberately hostile to

the West, contributing to worsening relations the West, contributing to worsening relations with the USwith the US

The Reign of StalinThe Reign of Stalin

EconomyEconomyDevastated by WW2Devastated by WW2To create a new industrial base, goods To create a new industrial base, goods

were produced almost exclusively for were produced almost exclusively for exportexportIn some respects this led to a rapid In some respects this led to a rapid

economic recoveryeconomic recoveryThe $ from export goods was used to The $ from export goods was used to

buy machinery & western technologybuy machinery & western technology


19461946Stalin was still the master of the SUStalin was still the master of the SU

He did not share power He did not share power Had little respect for other Communist Had little respect for other Communist

Party leadersParty leadersSuspicious & lack of trust for othersSuspicious & lack of trust for others

Soviet gov’t said all literary & Soviet gov’t said all literary & scientific work must conform to scientific work must conform to political needs of the statepolitical needs of the state


19501950 SU had built new power plants, canals, & giant SU had built new power plants, canals, & giant

factoriesfactories HEAVY INDUSTRY increasedHEAVY INDUSTRY increased

Mainly for benefit of the militaryMainly for benefit of the military Industrial production surpassed prewar levels by 40%Industrial production surpassed prewar levels by 40%

Development of the hydrogen bomb in 1952Development of the hydrogen bomb in 1952 Launch of first space satellite, Launch of first space satellite, SputnikSputnik I, in 1957 I, in 1957 SU was a world powerSU was a world power

Soviet people did NOT benefit from the Soviet people did NOT benefit from the industrializationindustrialization

Not enough consumer goods producedNot enough consumer goods produced Housing shortage was severeHousing shortage was severe


19531953Stalin diesStalin dies

Let’s ReviewLet’s Review

What were the effects of the Soviet What were the effects of the Soviet government’s economic methods government’s economic methods enacted after WW2?enacted after WW2?

By 1950, Russian industrial production By 1950, Russian industrial production surpassed prewar levels by 40%surpassed prewar levels by 40%

The Soviet people, however, had a The Soviet people, however, had a shortage of consumer goods & a shortage of consumer goods & a severe shortage of housingsevere shortage of housing

The Khrushchev EraThe Khrushchev Era

After Stalin’s deathAfter Stalin’s deathNikita Khrushchev became the chief Nikita Khrushchev became the chief

policy maker in the SUpolicy maker in the SUDE-STALINIZATION was put in placeDE-STALINIZATION was put in place


Khrushchev Khrushchev Tried to increase production of Tried to increase production of

consumer goods & agricultural outputconsumer goods & agricultural outputGrow cornGrow cornCultivate lands east of the Ural Mtns.Cultivate lands east of the Ural Mtns.

Loosened gov’t controls on literatureLoosened gov’t controls on literatureAllowed the publication of a work by Allowed the publication of a work by

ALEXANDER SOLZHENITSYN that depicted ALEXANDER SOLZHENITSYN that depicted life in a Siberian forced-labor camplife in a Siberian forced-labor camp


Khrushchev’s attemptsKhrushchev’s attemptsFailedFailedIncreased military spending hurt the Increased military spending hurt the

economyeconomyForeign policy failuresForeign policy failures1964, he was forced into retirement 1964, he was forced into retirement

(after Cuban missile crisis)(after Cuban missile crisis)

Do You Know????Do You Know????

__________ refers to the process of __________ refers to the process of eliminating the more ruthless policies eliminating the more ruthless policies of Stalin.of Stalin.

And the Answer Is….And the Answer Is….

__________ refers to the process of __________ refers to the process of eliminating the more ruthless policies eliminating the more ruthless policies of Stalin.of Stalin.

De-StalinizationDe-Stalinization


Why did Soviet leaders force Why did Soviet leaders force Khrushchev into retirement?Khrushchev into retirement?

He failed to increase agricultural He failed to increase agricultural outputoutput

Industrial growth rate dramatically Industrial growth rate dramatically declineddeclined

Foreign policy in Cuba failedForeign policy in Cuba failed

Eastern Europe: Behind the Iron Eastern Europe: Behind the Iron CurtainCurtain

After WW2 (1945 – 1947)After WW2 (1945 – 1947) Soviet-controlled Communist gov’ts took Soviet-controlled Communist gov’ts took

control of Eastern European countriescontrol of Eastern European countriesEast GermanyEast GermanyBulgariaBulgariaRomaniaRomaniaPolandPolandHungaryHungaryCzechoslovakia – strong tradition of democracy & Czechoslovakia – strong tradition of democracy &

multi-party system stopped seizure by the Soviets multi-party system stopped seizure by the Soviets until 1948until 1948

ALBANIA, Communist gov’t grew increasingly ALBANIA, Communist gov’t grew increasingly independent of the SUindependent of the SU


After WW2After WW2YUGOSLAVIA, led by Josip Broz or TITOYUGOSLAVIA, led by Josip Broz or TITO

Independent Communist state until Tito’s Independent Communist state until Tito’s death in 1980death in 1980

NOT a Soviet satellite stateNOT a Soviet satellite state


1948-19531948-1953Eastern European satellite states Eastern European satellite states

instituted Soviet-type five-year plans w/ instituted Soviet-type five-year plans w/ emphasis on heavy industry (NOT emphasis on heavy industry (NOT consumer goods)consumer goods)

Began to collectivize agricultureBegan to collectivize agricultureEliminated all noncommunist partiesEliminated all noncommunist partiesSet up secret police & military forcesSet up secret police & military forces


After Stalin’s deathAfter Stalin’s death Many Eastern European states tried to make Many Eastern European states tried to make

reformsreformsCommunism did NOT develop deep roots among the Communism did NOT develop deep roots among the

peoples of Eastern EURpeoples of Eastern EURSoviets exploited Eastern EUR economicallySoviets exploited Eastern EUR economically

Made living conditions hard for most peopleMade living conditions hard for most peopleSU made it clear that it would not allow its Eastern SU made it clear that it would not allow its Eastern

European satellite states to become independent:European satellite states to become independent: PolandPoland HungaryHungary CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia


19561956 Protests in PolandProtests in Poland

Polish Communist Party adopted a series of reformsPolish Communist Party adopted a series of reforms Elected Wladyslaw Gomulka as 1Elected Wladyslaw Gomulka as 1stst secretary secretary Gomulka declared that POL had the right to follow its own Gomulka declared that POL had the right to follow its own

pathpath POL compromised; pledged to remain loyal to Warsaw PactPOL compromised; pledged to remain loyal to Warsaw Pact

Hungarian leader IMRE NAGY declared Hungary a free Hungarian leader IMRE NAGY declared Hungary a free nation (to end rebellion caused by economic problems)nation (to end rebellion caused by economic problems)

Promised free electionsPromised free elections 3 days later, Soviet troops attacked Budapest & 3 days later, Soviet troops attacked Budapest &

reestablished control of the countryreestablished control of the country Nagy was captured by the Soviet military & executed 2 yrs Nagy was captured by the Soviet military & executed 2 yrs

laterlater


CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia Antonin Novotny, placed in power in 1953 by Stalin (“Little Antonin Novotny, placed in power in 1953 by Stalin (“Little

Stalin”)Stalin”) Alienated many members of his own partyAlienated many members of his own party Czech writers esp. disliked himCzech writers esp. disliked him Writer’s rebellion led to Novotny’s resignation in 1968Writer’s rebellion led to Novotny’s resignation in 1968

ALEXANDER DUBCEK elected first secretary of the Communist ALEXANDER DUBCEK elected first secretary of the Communist party in Czechoslovakiaparty in Czechoslovakia

Introduced reforms to the countryIntroduced reforms to the country Freedom of speech & pressFreedom of speech & press Freedom to travel abroadFreedom to travel abroad Relaxed censorship & promised to democratize political systemRelaxed censorship & promised to democratize political system Period of euphoria broke out, “Prague Spring”Period of euphoria broke out, “Prague Spring” By August, the Soviet Army invaded Czechoslovakia & crushed the By August, the Soviet Army invaded Czechoslovakia & crushed the

reform movement reform movement Gustav Husak replaced DubcekGustav Husak replaced Dubcek

Did away w/ his reforms & reestablished Soviet controlDid away w/ his reforms & reestablished Soviet control

Do You Know???Do You Know???

Which communist nation remained Which communist nation remained independent of Soviet control?independent of Soviet control?A. GreeceA. GreeceB. YugoslaviaB. YugoslaviaC. RomaniaC. RomaniaD. HungaryD. Hungary

And the Answer Is….And the Answer Is….

Which communist nation remained Which communist nation remained independent of Soviet control?independent of Soviet control?A. GreeceA. GreeceB. YugoslaviaB. YugoslaviaC. RomaniaC. RomaniaD. HungaryD. Hungary


What was the result of revolts against What was the result of revolts against communism in Poland, Hungary, & communism in Poland, Hungary, & Czechoslovakia?Czechoslovakia?

Poland – a series of reforms were adopted, Poland – a series of reforms were adopted, but Poles remained loyal to the Warsaw but Poles remained loyal to the Warsaw Pact (fearful)Pact (fearful)

Hungarian declared a free nation, but Hungarian declared a free nation, but Soviet troops reestablished controlSoviet troops reestablished control

Czechoslovakia – Dubcek introduced Czechoslovakia – Dubcek introduced reforms, but Soviet army reestablished reforms, but Soviet army reestablished controlcontrol

BonusBonus

Write a paragraph on the changes that Write a paragraph on the changes that took place in the Soviet Union under took place in the Soviet Union under Khrushchev’s leadership. Do you believe Khrushchev’s leadership. Do you believe that Stalin would have been able to that Stalin would have been able to maintain his power had he lived longer? maintain his power had he lived longer? Was a period of de-Stalinization Was a period of de-Stalinization inevitable?inevitable?

Underline Thesis – 2 ptsUnderline Thesis – 2 pts Full Paragraph – 5 ptsFull Paragraph – 5 pts 1 outside source (other than textbook) & 1 outside source (other than textbook) &

sources cited in MLA format – 3 ptssources cited in MLA format – 3 pts

the soviet union & eastern europe

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