the smart and connected vehicle and the internet of things · pdf file• an introduction...

Flavio BonomiCisco Fellow, Vice President

and Many Others

Advanced Architecture and ResearchCisco Systems

The Smart and Connected Vehicleand the

Internet of Things

WSTS 2013, San Jose’

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 2

• An Introduction to the Internet of Things• The Future Infrastructure for the Internet of

Things• The Connected Vehicle and Intelligent

Transportation• Enabling Technologies • Conclusions


A good way to go beyond the “naming” confusion:(IoT, M2M, Cyber-Physical Systems, Intelligent Systems,

Industrial Internet, Connected Devices, etc., etc.)

People

Home Mobile

Business

Things DataWhite Paper at:http://www.cisco.com/web/about/ac79/docs/innov/IoE_Economy.p

df


MillionPC /

Laptop

BillionIP Device

Office & Home

The Evolution of IP Networks

MillionVoice

Source: Cisco ([email protected])

One Common (Computing, Storage and Networking) Infrastructure: The Ultimate Convergence

of Enterprise, Service Provider, and Data Center

Technologies

TrillionEnd Points

From RFID to Smart Sensors to Machines to More Complex Objects

(e.g., a car)

BillionMobile Voice, Internet, SMS

The Evolution of IP Networks The Evolution of Mobile Networks

“The IoT Computer”

Cisco Confidential 6© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Enable New Knowledge

Agriculture

Energy Saving (I2E)

Predictive maintenance

Enhance Safety & Security

Smart Home

Healthcare

Defense

Intelligent Buildings

Smart Grid

Industrial Automation

Transportation and Connected Vehicles

Smart City


CoreIP/MPLS, QoS, Multicast, Security, Network Services, Mobile Packet Core

Multi-Service Edge3G/4G/LTE/WiFi/Ethernet/PLC

Embedded Systems and Sensorssmart and less smart things, vehicles, machines

Wired or Wireless

Data Center CloudApplication Hosting, Management

Field Area Network

Smart Things Network

The “Swarm”

IP/MPLS Core

End-Point Intelligence

Centralized Intelligence: CLOUD

Computing

Dumb NetworkFabric


CoreIP/MPLS, QoS, Multicast, Security, Network Services,Mobile Packet Core



Wired or Wireless


Field Area Network


The “Swarm”

IP/MPLS Core

……

…

…

…

…

…Distributed

Intelligence: FOG Computing

Di t ib t d

Computing

Distributed Intelligence:

CLOUD/FOG Computing


Computing






Wired or Wireless


Field Area Network


IP/MPLS Core

……

…

…

…

…

…Distributed


Di t ib t d

Computing


CLOUD/FOG Computing


Computing


IngestNetwork DataSecurity on Data

Sensor networksSmart gridSmart citiesSCV & Transportation

IngestNetwork DataSecurity on Data

Sensor networksSmart gridSmart citiesSCV & Transportation

StoreNetwork Management LogsSecurity Logs

Smart Cities DataTraffic InformationEnvironmental data

StoreNetwork Management LogsSecurity Logs

Smart Cities DataTraffic InformationEnvironmental data

Analyze/act on the Fly

User experienceNetwork PerformanceIntrusion DetectionFraud DetectionSensor MonitoringEnvironmental monitoringSurveillanceContact Center

Analyze/act on the Fly

User experienceNetwork PerformanceIntrusion DetectionFraud DetectionSensor MonitoringEnvironmental monitoringSurveillanceContact Center

Mine in-depth

HealthCareSecuritySurveillanceEnvironmental studies





Wired or Wireless


Field Area Network


IP/MPLS Core

……

…

…

…

…

…Distributed


Di t ib t d

Computing


CLOUD/FOG Computing


Computing


Edge-Point, Swarm, Fastest ControlEdge-Point, Swarm, Fastest Control

Fog-Based ControlFog-Based Control

Core-Based ControlCore-Based Control

Cloud-Based (Slowest) Control





Wired or Wireless


Field Area Network


IP/MPLS Core

……

…

…

…

…

…Distributed


Di t ib t d

Computing


CLOUD/FOG Computing


Computing


F Cl dFrom Cloud towards

Fog/Endpoints

Video/ContentSoftware UpdatesControl Policies

VMs/Context/Applications

From Endpoints towards Fog/Cloud

MeasurementsTelematics

EventsVideo SurveillanceVMs/Context/Apps

Peer-to-Peer(Fog, Endpoints)

ContentStatus

Mobile DataVMs/ContextApplications


CoreIP/MPLS, Security, QoS, Multicast, Network Services, Mobile Packet Core

Multi-Service Edge3G/4G/LTE/WiFi/802.11pWired

Embedded Systems and SensorsLow power & bandwidth, smart things, vehicles, machines

MillionsMillions

Data Center/CloudHosting IoT analytics

Field Area Network


IP/MPLS CoreNetwork ManagementNetwork Management

Distributed Intelligence: FOG

Computing

ApplicationsApplications



Things• Intelligent Transportation and the Connected

Vehicle• Enabling Technologies • Conclusions


Intelligent Transportation


Ope

ratio

nIn

fras

truc

ture

End

Poin

tsSe

rvic

es

Public Cloud

Subscription-based Services

Subscription-based Services

Private (OEM) Cloud

Data Center/Virtual Servers

Data Center/Virtual Servers

Enterprise Cloud

Enterprise Video, Voice, Data

Enterprise Video, Voice, Data

V2V Communication (802.11p)

Electrical Charging NetworkCharging Stations,

Other Services (802.11p ?)

Electrical Charging NetworkCharging Stations,

Other Services (802.11p ?)

Mobile WiFi OffloadWi-Fi Hotspots, 802.11u, 3G/4G

Mobile WiFi OffloadWi-Fi Hotspots, 802.11u, 3G/4G

Consumer NetworkHome/Dealership Wi-Fi Hotspots, Femtocells

Consumer NetworkHome/Dealership Wi-Fi Hotspots, Femtocells

Mobile SP 1Mobile SP 1Communications Service Providers, “Fog”

VNOPolicy Enforcement, Flow-based

Management, DPI

VNOPolicy Enforcement, Flow-based

Management, DPI

Software

DSRC RoadsideInfrastructure802.11p (V2I)

DSRC RoadsideInfrastructure802.11p (V2I)

Mobile SP 1Mobile SP 1

Energy Service Providers

(Smart Grid)

V2I/Upstream Communication (Wi-Fi, 3G/4G, 802.11p, etc.)


Smart Phone

Wheel-Sensor

Collision Radar

Low Speed NetworkLIN, Lo-speed CAN

Electronic Control Unit (ECU)

Entertainment networkMOST, internal WiFiX-by-Wire/

Safety Network Flexray

Wirelessin-car network,Bluetooth, Low

Power WiFi, RFID

High-speed network

Hi-speed CAN

Central Gateway

IOS

Wireless car-to-X networkDSRC 802.11p, WiFi,

WiMAX, Multiple 3G/LTE

Home Enterprise Web OEM Roadside Grid

Audio/ Video DiagnosticsTelematics ADAS ….


Main EngineController

Transmission

Energy

ChassisModule

DSC

ChassisSatellite 2

Vehicle Control SW/GW

Chassis Satellite 3.3C

AN

Flex

Ray

AssistanceCoordinator

ReversingCamera

Park AssistantCamera

MO

ST

InfotainmentController

HMI Satellite

Telephone

InfotainmentSatellite 1M

OST

Main BodyController

Body Satellite 1.2

Body Satellite 2

Body Satellite 3

BodySatellite 4LI

N

CANFlex Ray MOST CAN

Multiple busesAutomotive specificLow speedMultiple separate ECUsDifficult to communicate with


Central Gateway

SatGPSBT

• All ECUs networked directly or indirectly via gateways / DLC Connector• Unsecure access into in-vehicle network via DLC• Network security implemented in IVI Headunit

CAN

CAN

CAN

CAN

CAN

LIN

Powertrain

Chassis/Safety

Body/Control

TetheredSmartphone

Video Cam

Bridge

Instrument Cluster WiFi/Cell/DSRC

OBD DLC Connector


SatGPS

CAN

Powertrain

Chassis/Safety

Body Control

Tethered Smartphone /Owner connectivity

Instrument Cluster

SCV Gateway

Ethernet

• Ethernet-based Central Vehicle Gateway• Mini-switches/hubs aggregate ECUs/Sensors depending on location within vehicle• Potential reduction in wiring harness density and bus splices

IVI /Headunit

USB/ WiFi/ BT

OBD DLC Connector

RearVideo Cams

Ethernet

Ethernet

Ethernet

Chassis/Safety

Powertrain

Body Control

Body Control

FrontVideo Cams

Telemetry ModuleWiFi//BT/Cell/GPS/DSRC

Rear View Mirror


SatGPS

CAN

Powertrain

Chassis/Safety

Body Control


Instrument Cluster

SCV Gateway and CentralECU

Ethernet

• Ethernet-based Central Vehicle Gateway• Mini-switches/hubs aggregate ECUs/Sensors depending on location within vehicle• Potential reduction in wiring harness density and bus splices

IVI /Headunit

USB/ WiFi/ BT

OBD DLC Connector

RearVideo Cams

Ethernet

Ethernet

Ethernet

Chassis/Safety

Powertrain

Body Control

Body Control

FrontVideo Cams


Rear View Mirror


SCV Gateway and CentralData Center

SatGPS

CAN

Powertrain

Chassis/Safety

Body Control


Instrument Cluster

SCV Gateway and CentralData Center

IVI /Headunit

USB/ WiFi/ BT

OBD DLC Connector

RearVideo Cams

DeterministicEthernet

DeteraministicEthernet

DetaerministicEthernet

Chassis/Safety

Powertrain

Body Control

Body Control

FrontVideo Cams


Rear View Mirror


• Security• Fog computing • Seamless, optimized connectivity, mobility, LISP• Ad hoc networking for mobility• Deterministic networking (wired and wireless)• ….....


Ope

ratio

nVe

hicl

e

802.11p

V2VV2I/Road-side

VPN Aggregation

Infr

astr

uctu

re

Highly secure communication from car to wider network Encryption Wide range of VPN technologies Secure tunnels to OEM, partners,

third party applications providers

Comprehensive secure In-vehicle protection Strong firewall Intrusion Prevention Anti-virus/malware protection

On-demand secure connectivity vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-

infrastructure

Easy to deploy and manage Centralized identity & policy

management Authentication, authorization,

accounting

Private Cloud

802.11p

Firewall

VPN Tunnels

3rd Party App Provider

Smart CenterPartner CloudSmart Center

Identity Management


• Systematic, highly virtualized, secure, and network-integrated computing and storage located between End-points and Clouds, supporting many of the same techniques/approaches applied to Cloud Computing:

Virtualization, multi-tenancy, IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, automation, ….

Maybe just another funny name for “Edge of the Network Computing” …..


Wireless Edge Device

Video Servers

IP Network

Fog Server Mobile

Clients


• Roadside multi-purpose equipment based on convergence of routing, computing and wireless technologies

• Distributed, multi-tenancy computing model

• Supporting multiple wireless technologies

• Located with other traffic control equipment

• Purpose - Managed ServiceRegulate traffic (Traffic Router – cars, IP packets, same)Collect tolls taxes (per transaction fee collection)E-Commerce supportContent deliveryTraffic sensor management (e.g., Sensys)


Ope

ratio

nIn

fras

truc

ture

Vehi

cle

3G/4G

In-Home Devices

• Wi-Fi: HotSpot 2.0

Home Network

Dealers / Parking / SA,PA / Energy Station • Wi-Fi: HotSpot 2.0

Public Network

Wireless SP Antenna

• Cellular 3G/4G

Carrier Network

Home Agent

Multiple Wireless WAN interfaces 3G/4G(LTE), WiFi

Highly Scalable Secure Mobility Industry leading architectures:

LISP, PFR

Mobile IPv6, NEtwork MObility(NEMO)

Single-IP reachability

Seamless User Experience Non-stop 99.99% reliable

connection management Application-aware, flow-based

connectivity Seamless Handover: 3G -> wifi

Session persistency

Optimized Communications Over 3G/4G, WiFi, …

Public/Private Cloud


• LISP (Location Identity Separation Protocol with IP-in-IP) was originally designed as a scalable routing architecture for the Internet

• It turns out that LISP offers native support for:

Mobility with route optimization,Multi-homing,Dual Stack (IPv4, IPv6)Network Mobility

• Clear separation between control and data plane is well suited for over-the-top deployments

Enabling an ecosystem of LISP Service providers to deploy global mobility applications such as the Connected Vehicle


LISP Unaware Infrastructure

WiFi

3G

Data Center

LISP Mapping Service Providers

I’m @ 3G

I’m @ WiFi

Map‐Server

Map‐Resolver

LISPmob.org

LISP Data Path

Services


IP NetworkIP Network

Data Center (Cloud)

Data Center (Cloud)

L3 FabricL3 Fabric

App

OS

FogFog

LISP Mapping System

+Fog Controller

LISP Mapping System

+Fog Controller

Update GeoLocation

Move Appto FogApp

OS

Data PathControl Path


IP NetworkIP Network

Data Center (Cloud)

Data Center (Cloud)

L3 FabricL3 Fabric

App

OS

FogFog

LISP Mapping System

+Fog Controller

LISP Mapping System

+Fog Controller

ViideoApp

OS

vWAAS

VideoAppVideoAppAccess Policy:Use vWAASService on Fog

VideoAppLocation?

Go to vWAAS first,

then VideoApp

VideoAppLocation?

Data PathControl Path


• Enabling more “natural” ways of collaborating and socializing

• Communications for highly mobile exchanges• Critical for a large set of real life applications• Fundamental for transportation• Enabling collaboration when not core connectivity is

available• Exploiting “opportunities” to communicate (Delay

Tolerance)• Tolerating high loss situations (Disruption Tolerance)


• Key technology to provide non-line-of-sight communication in next generation advanced driver assist systems

• DSRC is the global industry standard for latency critical V2V/ V2Icommunication

• eCall + DSRC are key triggers for broader CV deployment• Cisco is investing in DSRC Communications

Joint Projects with Cohda WirelessWorking with University of Porto on Taxi Deployment


• Need to Support Multiple Modes

End-to-end

Proxy-ed

Multi-Hop

Delay Tolerant

Disruption Tolerant

• Working with:

U. Porto and Veniam

ITTC/UPC Barcelona

UCLA

WiFi Rail/McLaren


41

3

S

D1

2

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12 13

14

1615

Take Advantage of Node Mobility: e.g., Store-Carry-and-Forward (DTN)

– Store a message, carry it until an appropriate communication opportunity arises, forward it to a new node

Work and Cisco Collaboration with UCLA (Prof. Mario Gerla, Kevin Lee, Giovanni Pau)

– VANET Research, Hybrid Routing Models with Navigation Assistance

Work and Cisco Collaboration with USC (Prof. Costas Psounis)


Copyright 2011 Persistent Systems, LLC Proprietary All Rights Reserved

Video Cameras

Mobile Devices

Unmanned Ground Robots Sensor Network

Gateways

The Internet

SATCOM

UAVs Manned Aircraft

Biometric Scanners Radio Over IP


Disaster Response Network Large WRoIP Network with nodes in:

o NYC & at FDNY Fire Department Operation Center in Brooklyn o State of Connecticut Governors Office and Emergency Operations Center

Multiple mobile vehicle nodes with 4G Backhaul o Boston at USCG Stations and Logan International Airport

Backhaul via 4G


• Required in Industrial Automation, System Control, Automotive, Smart Grid, Robotics, Building Automation, etc.

• Key Elements: (Both wired and wireless)

Network Ingress shapingNetwork synchronizationTimely transmissionCentralized scheduling(NP-complete optimization problem)

• Wired: Time Triggered Ethernet

• Wireless: Over 802.15.4 for low power low rate (4Hz), over WIFI (802.11ac) for higher rate (100Hz)


DETERMINISM

“Non-Deterministic”

Information

Input/Output

Motion

Closed-Loop Control,

“More Deterministic” “Very Deterministic” “Strictly Deterministic”

UNMANAGED10Mb/s, Half-Duplex,

slow convergence

MANAGED10/100Mbs, 802.11 a/b/g, QoS,

RSTP Fast Convergence (s), IGMP, Full-Duplex, Wirelss Mesh

REAL TIMEGb/s, IEEE 1588 PTP, 802.11n,

Low-latency, CleanAir, Very Fast Convergence (ms)

TIME-SYNCHRONIZED10 Gb/s, Low Jitter, Precise Scheduling,

Loss-less Convergence, Multi-path switching

IND

UST

RIA

L AP

PLIC

ATIO

NS

Wireless

Wired

Future

Safety-CriticalRelevant Innovations to Standard Networks


Source: TTTech

TIME

TT1 TT2 TT2TT1 TT1TT2

30 msec

40 msec 40 msec 40 msec

30 msec 30 msec 30 msec

TT1 TT1RC RC RC RC RCRCBE BE BE BE BE RCBE

Longest Communication Cycle in this Example: LCM(30,40) = 120msec

TTEthernet


• Value PropIPv6 for mission-critical Applications

Industrial, Avionics, Telematics, spatial C&C

Cisco business in wired and wireless backboneConverged Campus / Enterprise (adding IoE)

• ObjectivesIETF standards Trigger open source implementationBuild Ecosystem

• Status: IETF WG creation starting

• ¼ people initially


6TSCH

DeterministicDeterministicWi-Fi or Ethernet(RPL Domain or IPv6 ND)

6TSCH

Enterprise

- ISA100 BackboneRouter

- Wi-Fi Border Router

- WiHart BackboneRouter

- WiFi/6LoWPAN RPL Backbone Router - 6LoWPAN Host

- ISA100 Host

- WiHart Host

- WiFi Host

Plant Control Network

• Plant Firewall

• Wireless Lan Controller

• Integrated Plant Security & Identity services


• An Introduction to the Internet of Things• The Future Infrastructure and the Huge Role for

Wireless Communications!!• Enabling Technologies and Relevant Case

Studies• Conclusions


• A time of exciting developments in Networking and beyond• We need strong Research Collaborations: WE NEED YOU!!!• Profound impact at human, social, and environmental levels• Virtuous cycle between new applications, services, and innovative

platforms


• More Traditional Industry-University Focused Research Initiatives

• Multi-Way Research Partnerships are KeyNetworking Industry-Car OEMs-UniversitiesNetworking Industry-Silicon Providers-Service Providers Content Providers-OEMsUniversity-Industry (e.g., GSRC, Clean Slate, RadLab)

• Government InvolvementNSF – GENIDOT - DOELeveraging of Defense Technologies

Thank you.

the smart and connected vehicle and the internet of things · pdf file• an introduction...

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