the skeletal system part 2 the appendicular skeleton honors anatomy & physiology

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The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

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Page 1: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

The Skeletal SystemPart 2

The Appendicular SkeletonHonors Anatomy & Physiology

Page 2: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

The Appendicular Skeleton

Page 3: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

The Pectoral Girdle(Shoulder)

2 pectoral girdlesattach bones of upper limbs to axial

skeletoneach: 1 clavicle 1 scapula

Page 7: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Clavicle

last bone to stop growing1 of most frequently fx’d bones (2

curves) usually from fall on outstretched arm

or see compression fx in auto accidents from shoulder strap which can cause damage to median n. (between clavicle & 2nd rib)

Page 8: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Scapula

aka shoulder blade, angel bonelarge, triangular, flat bonein superior part of posterior thorax

between levels of 2nd & 7th ribs

spine: prominent ridge that runs diagonally across posterior surface

Page 9: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Scapula

lateral edge: acromion a flattened expanded process, easily felt as hi pt of shoulder (tailors use it as landmark to measure length of arm)

glenoid cavity: inferior to acromion, smooth, shallow depression that accepts head of humerus in shoulder joint

Page 11: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Upper Limb

6 parts:1. Humerus2. Ulna3. Radius4. Carpals5. Metacarpals 6. Phalanges

Joints:ShoulderElbowWristHand

Page 15: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Humerus

Page 24: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology
Page 25: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Pelvic Girdle

2 hip bones (os coxa) which unite anteriorly at pubic symphysis and posteriorly with the sacrum @ sacroiliac joint

Page 28: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Ilium

largest of the 3 hip bonesdistinguishing features:1. Iliac Crest along superior surface1. Sacroiliac Joint (SI Joint) between sacrum and ilium

Page 29: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Ilium

Page 30: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Ischium

ramus of ischium fuses with pubisdistinguishing features:

1. Ischial Tuberosity what you feel when someone sits on

your lap

Page 31: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Ischium

Page 32: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Pubis

Acetabulum ◦formed by ilium, ischium, & pubis◦is the “socket” half of the hip joint

Pubic Symphysis◦joint between the 2 hip bones

Page 33: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

True Pelvis/ False Pelvis

Pelvic Brim: line that distinguishes between true & false palvis

Page 34: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Male Pelvis

generally male bone heavier & stronger & have larger surface marker (because larger muscles attach)

Pelvis:◦deeper false pelvis, smaller, narrower◦pelvic brim heart-shaped◦acetabulum larger, faces posterior◦obturator foramen round

Page 35: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Female Pelvis

generally bones lighter & thinnerPelvis:

◦false pelvis shallow, widers◦pelvic brim larger, more oval◦acetabulum smaller & faces anterior◦obturator foramen oval

Page 36: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Male or Female?

Page 37: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Male or Female?

Page 38: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Lower Limb

30 bones in each:1 femur1 patella 1 tibia1 fibula7 tarsals5 metatarsals14 phalanges

Page 39: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Femur

longest, heaviest, & strongest bone in the body

proximally articulates with the acetabulum to form hip joint◦Head of the Femur: “ball” part of joint

small, central depression: fovea capitis◦Greater Trochanter

prominence felt & seen @ side of hip

Page 40: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Femur

Page 41: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Femur

distally articulates with:◦Patella◦Tibia

Page 42: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Patella (kneecap)

small, triangular, sesamoid bonedevelops in tendon of quadriceps

femoris muscleParts:Base: broad, superior endApex: pointed, inferior end

Page 43: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Patella

Page 44: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology
Page 45: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Tibia

“shin bone”larger, medial, weight-bearing bone of

lower legproximally articulates with femur &

fibuladistally articulates with fibula &

tarsals

Page 46: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Tibia

medial malleolus forms prominence that is palpable & visible on medial ankle

Page 47: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Fibula

parallel & lateral to the tibia & considerably smaller

head of fibula on proximal end

lateral malleolus at distal end

Page 48: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Tibia & Fibula

Page 49: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Tarsals

7 bones:1 calcaneous: heel bone, largest of

the tarsals

Page 50: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Metatarsals

5 bones between tarsals & phalanges#’d I to V from medial lateral

Page 51: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Phalanges

14 bones that make up the 5 digits#’d I to V medial to lateralHallux: great or big toe has 2 large

heavy phalanges

Page 52: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Arches of the Foot

2 arches in foot: 1. allows the foot to support weight of

body by distributing weight over the soft & hard tissues

2. provide leverage while walkingfully developed by age 12 - 13

Page 53: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Arches of the Foot

2 longitudinal arches (medial & lateral

1 transverse arch

Page 54: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology
Page 55: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Development of the Skeletal System

all skeletal tissue arises from mesoderm1st bone: skull in 4th wkU/S ~ 24 – 25 wks:

Page 56: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Medical Terminology

1. Clubfoot:◦ inherited deformity in which baby is born with

foot twisted inferiorly & medially◦ 1/1000 births◦ tx: casts or wraps, surgery may be indicated

Page 57: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Medical Terminology

2. Genu valgum: knees

abnormally close together with increased space between ankles

aka “knock-knee”

Page 58: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Medical Terminology

3. Genu varum:knees abnormally

separatedwith lower limbs

bowed mediallyaka “bowleg”

Page 59: The Skeletal System Part 2 The Appendicular Skeleton Honors Anatomy & Physiology