The Roman’s

By Shahin Zamani&

Abdul Jamial

Julius Caesar– Julius Caesar, one of

Ancient Roman’s most famous individuals, was born in 100 BC - or near to that year. Julius Caesar joined the Roman Army in 81 BC and was the first Roman army commander to invade England which he did in 55 BC and again in 54 BC. Caesar was born into a wealthy family and he was a well educated child who was good at sport.

Information About Julius Caesar

• allegedly the descendent of Trojan prince Aeneas, Julius Caesar's auspicious birth c. July 12 or 13, 100 B.C., marked the beginning of a new chapter in Roman history. By 31, Caesar had fought in several wars and become involved in Roman politics. After several alliances, he became dictator of the Roman Empire. This led to a senatorial coup, and Caesar's eventual assassination, on the Ides of March. . While it has long been disputed, it's estimated that Julius Caesar was born in Rome on July 12 or 13, 100 BC. While he hailed from Roman aristocrats, his family was far from rich. When Caesar was 16 his father, Gaius Caesar, died. He remained close to his mother, Aurelia.

The Rome of Caesar's youth was unstable. An element of disorder ruled the Republic, which had discredited its nobility and seemed unable to handle its considerable size and influence.

At around the time of his father's death, Caesar made a concerted effort to side with the country's nobility. His marriage to Cornelia, the daughter of a noble, had drawn the ire of Rome's dictator, Sulla, who ordered the young Roman to divorce his wife or risk losing his property. Caesar refused and found escape in the military, serving first in the province of Asia and then in Cecilia.

Following the death of Sulla, Caesar returned to Rome to begin his career in politics as a prosecuting advocate. He relocated temporarily to Rhodes to study philosophy, but during his travels there was kidnapped by pirates. In a daring display of his negotiation and counter-insurgency tactics, he convinced his captors to raise his ransom. He then organized a naval force to attack them. The pirates were captured and executed.

His stature was enhanced further in 74 BC when he put together a private army and combated Mithradates VI Eupator, king of Pontus, who had declared war on Rome.

The Roman Timeline

• In 55BC Julius Caesar made his first attempt to invade Britain and again in 54 BC, but was put off by the British warriors and the terrible weather.

• In 44 BC Julius Caesar was murdered by a group of senators who said he had too much power

• In 43 AD Emperor Claudius sent in another Roman army and this time they were successful. Claudius came to Britain to lead the final attack with elephants! Roman Britain began.

• 47AD First Roman town was set up at Colchester. The Romans settlers 'taxed' the British in order to get money to build roads, baths and towns.

• In 60AD a British tribe revolted against the strict rule of the Romans. These battles were led a lady called Boudicca. Although she had more soldiers, the Romans were well trained and the Britians were again defeated. In the end Boudicca poisoned herself.

• In 117AD Hadrian was made Emperor. He had plans to conquer Scotland.

• In 122AD Hadrian ordered the building of a great wall to defend his forts in York. We now know this as Hadrian's Wall. It took 8 years to build and is 115km long.

The Romans• Rome is now the capital city of Italyago it was the

centre of the Roman Empire. Building started in 753 BC. The Romans had a story to explain how Rome began. Twin boys, Romulus and Remus, were the sons of Mars (the Roman god or war). An evil uncle took them as babies from their mother and threw them into the River Tiber to drown. The babies floated to land, and a mother wolf fed and cared for them. Later a herdsman looked after the twins until they grew up.

• Years later, Mars told his twin sons to build a city where they had been found. The city was Rome. One day, Remus made fun of the wall Romulus had built around the city. The twins argued, fought, and Romulus killed Remus. Today, historians and archaeologists agree that people were living in Rome long before 753 BC, but the legend is one of the most famous in world history.

• . 2,000 years

Roman soldier clothing

• A tunic• The baldric, a belt worn over one shoulder that is

typically used to carry a weapon (usually a sword) or other implement such as a bugle or drum

• The balteus, the standard belt worn by the Roman legionary. It was probably used to tuck clothing into or to hold weapons.

• Braccae (trousers), popular among Roman legionaries stationed in cooler climates to the north of southern Italy

• Caligae, heavy-soled military shoes or sandals which were worn by Roman legionary soldiers and auxiliaries throughout the history of the Roman Republic and Empire.

• The focale, a scarf worn by the Roman legionary to protect the neck from chafing caused by constant contact with the soldier's armor

• The loculus, a satchel, carried by legionaries as a part of their sarcina (marching pack)

• The paludamentum, a cloak or cape fastened at one shoulder, worn by military commanders and (less often) by their troops

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