The Renaissance Period(England 1485-1660)

The RenaissanceRediscovering Ancient Greece

and Rome

Renaissance / _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________

(Renewed interest in the literature of ancient Rome and Greece)

Refers to the renewal of curiosity and creativity People’s valuesBeliefsBehavior

“rebirth”

The RenaissanceRediscovering Ancient Greece

and Rome

Renewal of Human Spirit “Renaissance person”

Well rounded interests, such as ___________ __________ _______(and other fine arts)____ ___________ ___________ ___________

__________________________________

AthleticsLiteratureMusicInventorScienceLanguages, etc.

The Church is still rich and powerful.

It All Began in Italy: A Flourish of Genius

______________________ was responsible for financing many intellectual and artistic endeavors.

A few Italian geniuses ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________

The Roman Catholic Church

Boccaccio/Author of The DecameronDaVinci/The perfect “Renaissance Man”Galileo/ScientistMichelangelo/ArtistColumbus/An explorer

Humanism: Questions About the Good Life

_________ was an intellectual movement which Used the classics combined with traditional

Christian thought – _________________________________________ ________.

Taught people how to live and rule by answering the question “how do we achieve happiness”; which is through ____________

Humanism has a VERY OPTIMISTIC VIEW of human potential – that people are capable of perfect-ability (striving to become perfect)

tried to harmonize Bible with classics i.e. Greek and Latin.

a life of virtue.

Humanism

The New Technology: A Flood of Print

The _____________ was created in about 1455 by Johann Gutenberg, and transformed the way information was exchanged.

The first book printed… ______________________

Helped spread knowledge Made books more available to more people (REVOLUTIONIZED THE WORLD) ______________

Created the English Printing Press (set up) in 1476

Printing Press

The Latin Bible

William Caxton

Two Friends – Two Humanists

Two prominent humanists are ____________________________

Dutch Monk---loved to travel---wrote in Latin Belonged to all of Europe---because of travels On a trip to England

Taught Greek at Cambridge Met and became friends with a young

lawyer… _________________________________

__________________________________ __________________________________(Both men wrote in several languages,

including English)

He wrote poems, pamphletsHowever, Utopia had the greatest impact.

Desiderius Erasmus (1466?-1536)

Sir Thomas More (1477?-1535)

A common feature common to all Reformers was ___________________________________________ _________

In Germany __________________________________

_______________________________________________

This action against the Church is a historic event.

The Reformation: Breaking with the Church

People should have personal understanding of the Bible rather than depend solely on the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church.

, Martin Luther – 1517 – pinned his thesis statements (95 issues) to the door of the church. He wanted a New Christianity where

The rejection of authority of the Pope and the Italian churchman.

The Reformation: Breaking with the Church

continued …

There were three circumstances that led to England’s break with the Church. ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________

Financial burdens.Patriotism.National Identity.

King Henry VIII Versus Pope: All for an Heir

King Henry VIII wanted to end his marriage with Catherine of Aragon because

_________________________ _________________________

King Henry VIII wanted to break with the Catholic Church ____________________________ ___________________________________________

King Henry VIII executed Sir Thomas More ___________________________________________

He wanted to marry Anne Boleyn.

She was unable to give King Henry a son.

because he wanted to divorce Catherine of Aragon.

because More did not recognize King Henry VIII as head of the church. More believed that church and state should be separate.

King Henry VIII Versus Pope: All for an Heir continued…

There were five groups dissatisfied with the Church of England: ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________

These groups were dissatisfied with the Church of England because ____________________________________________

____________________________________________.

Puritans – remember this one.PresbyteriansBaptistsNon-conformistsDissidents

These groups felt that it was a copy of the Catholic Church.

King Henry VIII Versus Pope: All for an Heir continued…

The five things these dissatisfied groups wanted to get rid of were _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________

BishopsPrayer booksPriest’s vestmentsChurch bellsStain glass windows

King Henry VIII Versus Pope: All for an Heir…

Wives of King Henry VIII ______________________________ _______________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________

Katherine of Aragon (divorced/annulled)Anne Boleyn (beheaded)

Anne of Cleves (divorced)

Catherine Howard (beheaded)

Catherine Parr (survived)

Jane Seymour (died)

King Henry VIII :Renaissance Man and Executioner

_____________ started the Royal Navy _______________________________________________

_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________.

Under King Henry VIII , it put stop to foreign invasions, allowed England to spread power, language, literature all over world. (beginnings of England as World Power)

King Henry VIII

King Henry VIII Versus Pope: All for an Heir

King Henry VIII is considered a Renaissance Man because ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________

wrote poetry, music, literaturein youth very athletic, handsomeladies man, good dancer, etc.

Henry VIII: Renaissance Man and

Executioner

List Henry VIIIs wives, their fates and children (if any) he had with each.

READY, SET, GO …………….

Katherine of AragonWife 1

Katherine of Aragon continued …

Very Catholic! They were very happy for awhile. Gave birth to daughter: Mary. Doesn’t give him the son he wants, eyes

move elsewhere to Anne Boleyn. Annulment (divorce) – sends her back to

Spain.

Anne Boleyn Wife 2

Anne Boleyn continued …

Henry created the Church of English in 1531 for her.

Henry became attracted to her about 1525 – she was one of Katherine of Aragon’s ladies in waiting.

Henry sent Cardinal Wolsey to the Pope to plead his case for a divorce. Wolsey was later dismissed as Lord Chancellor.

Henry secretly married Anne – 1533.

Anne Boleyn continued …

Parliament declared the marriage to Katherine invalid Careful…..if marriage is invalid…

What happens to Mary???? She is considered illegitimate.

Anne gives birth to Elizabeth – Sept. 1533

Jane SeymourWife 3

Jane Seymour Quiet, mousey and frail. One of Anne Boleyn’s ladies in waiting Seemed to always be frightened. VERY different from Katherine and Anne. Married Henry day after Boleyn’s execution. Already carrying Henry’s only legitimate son.

Edward (1537-1553) Childhood fever causes his death.

Was Henry’s favorite…she gave him a son.

Anne of ClevesWife 4

Anne of ClevesWife 4

1540---Henry marries her, sight unseen. Alliance with Germany. Had only seen portraits of Anne (in person, didn’t

like what he saw– called her a “Flander’s mare”.) She saw what was coming (SMART). Testified-the marriage was never consummated. Probably most fortunate of all Henry’s wives. Received many gifts from Henry (SET for LIFE).

Catherine HowardWife 5

Catherine Howard Born between 1520 and 1525…no record Cousin of Anne Boleyn (poor side of family) Wild child -- not supervised like most young

children Affair with music teacher Affair with estate manager One of Anne of Cleve’s ladies in waiting

Catherine Howard continued …

Rumors she was carrying Henry’s son before he annulled marriage to Anne of Cleves Probably started by her family

It worked…they were married a few weeks later (16 days after being freed from Anne)

Henry showered her with jewels and clothes Henry called her “his rose without a thorn” Catherine vowed all his wishes would be met

• BUT….

Catherine Howard continued …

She found her marriage bed…unappealing By this time, Henry was…

Nearly 50 (she was approximately 19) Weighed about 300 lbs. Sick Had a leg ulcer

Early in 1541..she had a romance with Thomas Culpepper.

Catherine ParrWife 6

Catherine Parr continued …

1512-1548 Widowed twice In a relationship with Thomas Seymour (Jane’s

brother, actually married him after death of Henry)

She caught Henry’s eye-he proposed Married in July 1543 She was friends with his children

Even brought Henry and his daughters together Through and Act of Parliament-they were put

back in the line of succession

The Boy King and Bloody Mary

The Boy King and Bloody Mary continued …

King Henry VIII only legitimate male heir was __________________.Edward VI

Mary I (Tudor) (daughter of Katherine of Aragon)

Mary I (Mary Tudor) continued …

Determined to have a Catholic heir. Her uncle was the King of Spain Married the King of Spain’s son…Phillip 1st

cousin. Strong-willed, determined to avenge the wrongs

done to her mother (Katherine of Aragon). Converted England back to Roman

Catholic, burned 300 Protestants at the stake, known as BLOODY MARY.

Overthrown by subjects but died before being ousted.

Elizabeth I: The Virgin Queen (daughter of Anne Boleyn)

Elizabeth I (Elizabeth Tudor) continued …

Considered one of the most brilliant & successful monarchs in history

Church important to her. Reestablished Church of England, excommunicated from Roman Catholic Church.

Never married (knew strength in independence and ability to play one suitor against another).

Taxes (Catholic families being taxed more – smiling – raiders in Catholic church really her own men, kept her 10% from Church - $$$ to her military (Navy).

Elizabeth I: The Virgin Queen continued …

Survived many plots against her, many from cousin, Mary Queen of Scots; endured 20 years and then had Mary beheaded.

The Spanish Armada Sinks: A Turning Point in History

Because Queen Elizabeth had Mary Queen of Scots beheaded, King Phillip of Spain (widower of Mary Tudor) used the beheading of Mary Stuart as excuse to invade England.

Spanish Armada (130 ships; 30,000 men) – smaller, faster, more maneuverable English ships DEFEATED Armada. Half Spanish fleet destroyed by English and weather (5,000 men drowned). England lost 100 men and NO ships!

Defeat of Spanish Armada = turning point in history -- Established England as WORLD POWER.

A Flood of Literature Queen Elizabeth became a source of INSPIRATION for

the English people. She established a religious & national identity. She established a sense of stability for the Country and

for the Church. English writers started writing as never before. William Shakespeare Christopher Marlow Edmund Spencer…. All wrote about her. Composer and Musician Robert Johnson

Decline of the Renaissance: A Dull Man Succeeds a Witty

Woman

James I (James Stuart – James VI of Scotland) replaced Queen Elizabeth in 1603.

Decline of the Renaissance:A Dull Man Succeeds a Witty

Woman James I was the son of Mary Queen of Scots’. The group which disliked King James I the most

was the puritanical merchants. (Puritans) King James lacked Elizabeth’s ability to resolve

or postpone conflicts, especially religious and economic issues. Difficult reign.

James I tried to endear himself to his subjects by: __________________________________________. __________________________________________ __________________________________________ ___________________________________________

Writing books in favor of divine right of monarchyPatronizing Shakespeare’s “King’s Men” and Jonson.A new translation of Bible: King James Version.Began an anti-tobacco policy.

Decline of the Renaissance:A Dull Man Succeeds a Witty

Woman

Three reasons James I’s subjects did not like him: ____________________________ _____________________________________________

He was a spendthrift.He was considered “thick-tongued” and “google eyed.”He was a foreigner (Scotland not England.)

The Glass of Fashion

Green = _______ Pansy = _______ Snake = _______ Black and White = ___________________ White and Tawny = __________________

Love

Sadness

Flattery

Chastity and purityPatience in adversity

The Glass of Fashion continued…

When a person was referred to as having a “peascod” or “goose belly” it meant ____________________.

A man with a “peascod” or “goose belly” was ______________________.

one had a fat belly.

considered wealthy.

Jewish Life in England

The most famous Jewish character in Renaissance literature was ______________.

The two most unflattering characteristics of this famous Jewish character were:

______________________ ______________________

____________ banished the Jews from England in 1290 and

__________________ allowed the Jews to return in the 17th century?

He had no mercy.He was a moneylender.

Shylock

King Edward I

Oliver Cromwell

Jewish Life in England continued

… Three Examples of persecution suffered by

the Jews were: __________________ __________________ __________________

Were segregated – Ghettos.Were charged extra taxes.

Could not own land.

QuizThe Renaissance

Quiz - The Renaissance

1. Why are historical periods so inexact, and why are they generally unknown as periods or eras to the people who live during them?

a. They are too complex to be understood by most people.b. c. They come and go with such suddenness that people

usually cannot distinguish what “historical period” they live in.

d. They are completely artificial constructs and have no basis in documented reality.

They are created later by historians to describe general trends rather than precise beginnings and ends.

Quiz - The Renaissance continued

2. Which of the following statements best characterizes the intellectual environment of the Renaissance?

a. Most people could not read, in part because they could not gain access to books.

b. Most Europeans were highly sensitive to the achievements of people from other cultures, particularly people of the Orient.

c.

d. Through their superior knowledge, scholars established power over the majority of the people.

As people became interested in the writings of ancient Greece and Rome, they became more inquisitive and creative.

Quiz - The Renaissance

continued3. Which of the following statements best describes

the intellectual movement known as humanism?

a.

b. Humanism taught that people should use knowledge to accumulate wealth and achieve fame.

c. Humanism accepted the teachings of the classics but rejected those of the Bible.

d. Humanism could not tolerate contradictory texts and thus could not refer to many ancient books.

Humanism, which combined the wisdom of the classics with that of the Bible, emphasized the ideals of wisdom and virtue.

Quiz - The Renaissance

continued4. Why did the invention of printing with

movable type have a significant impact?

a. Printed documents were more beautiful than handwritten ones.

b. c. Books became more expensive and therefore

were more valued.d. The ability to print with movable type gave

Germany an edge over other countries.

The wide availability of reading material allowed ideas to spread quickly.

Quiz - The Renaissance

continued5. How did the monk Martin Luther contribute to

the beginning of the Reformation?

a. He renewed people’s devotion to studying and following the words of the pope.

b. He taught that other religions were as valid as Christianity.

c.

d. He ridiculed ancient habits and traditions, such as superciliousness.

He developed a personal form of Christianity which was not based on interpretation.

Quiz - The Renaissance

continued6. Why were so many people in England dissatisfied

with the Church of England in the mid-1500s?

a

b. They felt that the pope was too remote, and they wanted him to have more of a presence in England.

c. They were beginning to reject the idea of leading a religious life.

d. They disagreed with the notion that religion was a private matter between an individual and God.

They felt that the Church was insufficiently reformed and was merely a copy of Catholicism.

Quiz - The Renaissance

continued7. In what way could King Henry VIII of England

be considered a “Renaissance man”?

a. He went to extremes to ensure that he had a male heir.

b. He ended foreign invasions of England by creating the Royal Navy.

c. He was arrogant and ruthless, and he was unfaithful to his wives.

d.

He was literary, musical, athletic, and scholarly.

Quiz - The Renaissance

continued8. England’s independence from the Catholic

countries of the Mediterranean was ensured by

a. Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press.b. c. the readmission of Jews to England in 1655.d. Queen Elizabeth I’s execution of Mary Stuart,

Queen of Scots.

the English Royal Navy’s defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588.

Quiz - The Renaissance

continued9. The end of the English Renaissance was

characterized by

a. the increased growth of moral and religious values.

b. the pillaging of resources from the Americas.c. the rise of humanism as a way of thought and

study.d.

increasing interest in secular, rather than religious, values.

Quiz - The Renaissance

continued10. The Catholic Church was very powerful in fourteenth-

century Italy—in a way that most people would find unacceptable today. Why would most modern people in the United States object to such power?

a. The Church would help artists whose work was not always in the public interest.

b. The Church would discourage classical learning and thus suppress scholarship.

c.

d. The Church’s values would be out of date and incompatible with modern lifestyles.

The Church’s political power would interfere with United States citizens’ constitutional right to freedom of religion.