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The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – •Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. •Artifacts and remains were visible. •Italian cities such as Florence survived the Middle Ages and became very strong trading states. •Powerful merchant/banking families such as the Medici’s became

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Page 1: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

The Renaissance In ItalyRenaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth”Why Italy? – •Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome.•Artifacts and remains were visible.•Italian cities such as Florence survived the Middle Ages and became very strong trading states.•Powerful merchant/banking families such as the Medici’s became patrons, economic and political leaders and promoted this growth.•Stressed education and individual achievement.

Page 2: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Lorenzo the Magnificent

1478 - 1521

Cosimo de Medici

1517 - 1574

Page 3: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Florence Under the Medici

Medici Chapel

The Medici Palace

Page 4: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were
Page 5: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

The Renaissance In ItalyArt – reflected classical styles, religion, and individual achievement.

Donatello – created life-size sculptures and worked in the perspectiveLeonardo da Vinci – genius in many fields who mixed his knowledge with his art; Ex: Mona LisaMichelangelo – Sistine Chapel and a genius in many fieldsRaphael – blend of Christian and classical styles. Famous for his portrayals of the MadonnaAnguissola & Gentileschi – famous women artists

Page 6: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

The Renaissance In ItalyHumanism – focus on worldly subjects rather than spiritual issues•Petrarch•Creative powers of the human mind•Question the classical works•Development of the humanities

Page 7: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

1. Realism & Expression

� Expulsion fromthe Garden

� Masaccio

� 1427

� First nudes sinceclassical times.

Page 8: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

2. Perspective

Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!

Perspective!Perspective!

First use of linear

perspective!

Perspective!Perspective!

� The Trinity

� Masaccio

� 1427

What you are, I once was; what I am, you will

become.

Page 9: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were
Page 10: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

3. Classicism

� Greco-Roman influence.

� Secularism.

� Humanism.

� Individualism free standing figures.

� Symmetry/BalanceThe “Classical Pose”

Medici “Venus” (1c)

Page 11: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

4. Emphasis on Individualism� Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre:

The Duke & Dutchess of Urbino

� Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.

Page 12: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

5. Geometrical Arrangement of

Figures� The Dreyfus Madonna with the Pomegranate

� Leonardo da Vinci

� 1469

� The figure as architecture!

Page 13: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were
Page 14: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

� Filippo Brunelleschi1377 - 1436

� Architect

� Cuppolo of St. Mariadel Fiore

Page 15: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Filippo Brunelleschi

• Commissioned to build the cathedral dome.– Used unique

architectural concepts. He studied the ancient

Pantheon in Rome. Used ribs for support.

Page 16: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Brunelleschi’s “Secret”

Page 17: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Brunelleschi’s Dome

Page 18: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Other Famous Domes

Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital

(Florence) (Rome) (London) (Washington)

Page 19: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

� David by Donatello

� 1430

� First free-form bronze since Roman times!

The Liberation of Sculpture

Page 20: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

The Baptism of Christ Verrocchio, 1472 - 1475

Leonardo da Vinci

Page 21: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

� Vitruvian Man

� Leonardo daVinci

� 1492

TheL’uomo

universale

Page 22: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Leonardo, the Artist:From his Notebooks of over 5000

pages (1508-1519)

Page 23: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Mona Lisa – da Vinci, 1503-4

Page 24: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

A Macaroni Mona

ParodyThe Best Form of Flattery?

Page 25: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

A Picasso Mona

Page 26: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

An Andy Warhol Mona

Page 27: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Mona Lisa OR da Vinci??

Page 28: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498& Geometry

Page 29: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

horizontal

vert

ical

Perspective!

The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498

Page 30: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Refractory

Convent of Santa

Maria delle

Grazie

Milan

Page 31: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

A Da Vinci “Code”:St. John or Mary Magdalene?

Page 32: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy):

Pages from his Notebook

Page 33: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Leonardo, the Inventor:

Pages from his Notebook

Page 34: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

� David

� MichelangeloBuonarotti

� 1504

� Marble

Page 35: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

� The Pieta

� MichelangeloBuonarroti

� 1499

� marble

The Popes as Patrons of the Arts

Page 36: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

The Sistine Chapel

Michelangelo Buonarroti

1508 - 1512

Page 37: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were
Page 38: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

The Sistine Chapel’s Ceiling

Michelangelo Buonarroti1508 - 1512

Page 39: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

The Sistine Chapel Details

The Creation

of the Heavens

Page 40: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

The Sistine Chapel Details

Creation of Man

Page 41: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

St. Peter’s Basilica

Page 42: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

School of Athens 1511 - Raphael

Page 43: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

The School of Athens – Raphael, 1510 -11

Raphael

Da Vinci

Michelangelo

Page 44: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Averroes

Hypatia

Pythagoras

Page 45: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Zoroaster

Ptolemy

Euclid

Page 46: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Perspective!

Perspective!

Betrothal

of the Virgin

Raphael

1504

Page 47: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

The Renaissance In ItalyArchitecture – rejected the Gothic style and used columns, arches, and domes; Ex: Brunelleschi

Literature – poetry, books on politics, “how-to” books

Castiglione – Ideals of a man and woman**Machiavelli – “The Prince” – The Ends Justifies The Means

Page 48: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

The Northern Renaissance •Mid 1400s in Flanders.•Albrecht Durer – known as the “German Leonardo” – studied under the Italian masters and spread the ideas of the Renaissance – works featured religious upheavals and a wide range of interests.•Jan & Hubert van Eyck – rich details and the use of oil paints.•Pieter Bruegel – used vibrant colors to depict daily life.•Peter Paul Rubens – realism, classical themes, and artistic freedom.

Page 49: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Adoration of the Trinity - Durer

http://www.canvasreplicas.com/Durer105.htm
Page 50: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Dürer

The Last Supper

woodcut, 1510

Page 51: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Durer – The Triumphal Arch, 1515-1517

Page 52: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

The Triumphal Arch, details

Page 53: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Hans Holbein, the Younger (1497-1543)• One of the great German artists

who did most of his work in England.

• While in Basel, he befriended Erasmus.– Erasmus Writing, 1523

• Henry VIII was his patron from 1536.

• Great portraitist noted for:– Objectivity & detachment.– Doesn’t conceal the weaknesses

of his subjects.

Page 54: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Artist to the Tudors

Henry VIII (left), 1540 and the future Edward VI (above), 1543.

Page 55: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Bruegel’s, Tower of Babel, 1563

Page 56: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Bruegel’s, The Beggars, 1568

Page 57: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Bruegel’s, Niederlandisch Proverbs, 1559

Page 58: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Bruegel’s - The Peasant Dance (1567)

Page 59: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Bruegel’s, The Harvesters, 1565

Page 60: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Jan van Eyck (1395 – 1441)

• More courtly and aristocratic work.– Court painter to the

Duke of Burgundy, Philip the Good.

• The Virgin and Chancellor Rolin, 1435.

Page 61: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Van Eyck:

The Crucifixion

&

The Last Judgment 1420-1425

Page 62: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Peter Paul Rubens - The Elevation of the Cross, 1610–11.

Page 63: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

The School of Fontainebleau - France

, Gallery [right] by Rosso Fiorentino & Francesco Primaticcio

, 1528-1537

Page 64: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

The English Were More Interested in Architecture than Painting

Hardwick Hall, designed by Robert Smythson in the 1590s, for the Duchess of Shrewsbury [more

medieval in style].

Page 65: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Burghley House for William Cecil

The largest & grandest house of the early Elizabethan era.

Page 66: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

The Northern Renaissance Humanists – •**Erasmus – new edition of the Greek New Testament; translated works into the vernacular; challenged the worldliness of the Church and the immoral behavior of the clergy.•**Sir Thomas More – pressed for social and economic reforms – “Utopia” – describing the ideal society.

Page 67: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

The Northern Renaissance Literature – •Rabelais – used comedy, adventures, travel, and war to offer opinions on serious subjects such as religion and education.•**William Shakespeare – enough said!•Cervantes – The Adventures of Don Quixote.•**Johann Gutenberg – the invention of the printing press.

Page 68: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h025a8GFlyI

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ePwNQ9o03ig&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h025a8GFlyI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ePwNQ9o03ig&feature=related
Page 69: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

The Protestant Reformation Lutheran - 1517 full scale Revolt – mainly against the sale of Indulgences.•95 Theses -Christians could only be saved through faith.•Reject tyranny of Rome.• 1521 he was Excommunicated.•Declared an outlaw but received help from Prince Frederick.

Page 70: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

The Protestant Reformation Doctrine –• Salvation through faith - Rejected Church doctrine (good deeds) - All people had equal chance.• Bible was the sole source of truth - Rejected powers of priest/hierarchy etc.•Called for Church modification. He rejected 5 of 7 sacraments.• Banned indulgences, pilgrimages, and prayer (saints), rituals and believed clergy could marry. •Emphasized the Sermon.

Page 71: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

The Protestant Reformation Calvin – most important reformer to follow Luther.•God was all-powerful and human were evil.•God alone decided on achievement –belief in Predestination. 2 people – Saints & Sinners. Calvinists tried to live like saints.•Set up a Theocracy in Geneva, Switzerland - Stressed hard work, discipline, honesty, and morality - Very Strict in religious and social customs - Urged singing in Church.•Spread to several areas and triggered bloody battles throughout Europe - Faced opposition from Lutherans.•Huguenots (French Calvinists) vs. Catholics.•Scottish Presbyterian Church split from the Calvinists.

Page 72: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION•Between 1530’s & 1540’s, the Catholic Church, under Pope Paul III set out to revive and reform the church.•Council Of Trent – 1545 – Reaffirmed traditional views:

1. Salvation comes through faith and good deeds.2. Bible was a source of religious truth but not the

only source.3. Looked to end abuses and corruption of the

clergy. Offered stiff penalties.4. Created better schools to teach the clergy to

challenge Protestants.

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THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION•Had the Inquisition – used testimony, torture, and forbidden books to root out witches, heretics, and get scapegoats.•Ignatius of Loyola – Founded Jesuits and strict moral/spiritual code to combat heretics and spread the Catholic faith.•St. Teresa of Avila – Founded Carmelite Nuns.

Page 74: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

PERSECUTION•Targeted outcasts, witches and looked for scapegoats.•Specifically attacked the Jews and removed any lenient laws that helped them.•Forced Jews to live in Ghettos and anti-Semitism increased.•Jewish migration to Eastern Europe.

Page 75: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

THE ENGLISH REFORMATION•Henry VIII seeks to end papal control over the English Church.•Seeks an annulment from his wife Catherine of Aragon but is denied by the Pope.•1st He stirs up feelings against the pope, then he takes over the church.•Through Parliament, he passes Acts of Supremacy – Henry is the supreme head of the Church of England.•Shuts down all Convents & Monasteries.

Page 76: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

THE ENGLISH REFORMATION•Offers aristocrats power in exchange for lands and wealth.•Allowed use of English Bible and kept some Catholic forms of worship.•Throne inherited by Edward VI but he died. Then came Mary Tudor who feared Elizabeth.•After Elizabeth came to power, she replaced Latin with English and used The Book of Common Prayer. She also kept some rituals and hierarchy and reaffirmed that the monarch was the head of the church.

Page 77: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION•Copernicus proposes heliocentric model, which is rejected by many including the church. His theory contradicts Ptolemy.•Tycho Brahe – set up astronomical observatory to prove Copernicus right.•Kepler – used information to calculate the orbits of the planets.•Galileo – assembled telescope – sees moon and sunspots and moons of Jupiter. He is forced to recant by the church.•The New Scientific Method – observation and experimentation.

Page 78: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION•Isaac Newton – developed the theory of Gravity.•Boyle – elements/compounds – pressure of gases.•Galen & Vesalius – works in anatomy.•Pare – ointment for healing.•Harvey – Heart serves as a pump.•Francis Bacon – stressed experiments/observations and use of practical technologies.•Rene Descartes – human reasoning - best road to understanding. Discover truth through traditional sources. “I THINK, THEREFORE I AM.”All open the door to the Enlightenment of the 1700’s

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Page 80: The Renaissance In Italy Renaissance – 1300s-1500s – “Rebirth” Why Italy? – Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome. Artifacts and remains were

Credits:

Mike McAndrew – Albertus Magnus High SchoolSusan Pojer – Horace Greeley High School


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