The Renaissance

The Renaissance

I. Introduction

A. Definition (French-“Rebirth”, Italian-“Rinascimento”)

Rebirth and rediscovery of classical learning and knowledge spanning

14th-17th centuries beginning in Italy; also introduced courtly and papal

patronage to the arts, developments of perspective in painting, and advancements in science

B. 14th-17th Century

The Renaissance

I. Introduction

II. Characteristics of Renaissance

A. Rediscovered Greco-Roman civilization

B. Emphasized reason, ? Attitude

C. Glorified the individual

D. Approved of worldly pleasures

E. Focused on secular matters

F. Achievements in literature, art, science

The Renaissance

I. Introduction

II. Characteristics of Renaissance

III. Renaissance humanism

The Renaissance

I. Introduction

II. Characteristics of Renaissance

III. Renaissance humanism

IV. Italian Renaissance

A. Beginnings

B. Florence - Medici

The Renaissance

IV. Italian Renaissance

A. Beginnings

B. Florence – Medici

1. Cosimo (1434-1464)

2. Lorenzo (1469-1492)

3. Savonarola (1494-1497)

Cosimo de’ Medici

Lorenzo de’ Medici

Savonarola

The Renaissance

Death of SavonarolaMay 23, 1498

The Renaissance

IV. Italian Renaissance

A. Beginnings

B. Florence – Medici

C. Milan – Sforza

Sforza coat-of-arms Francesco Sforza, Duke of Milan (1401-1466)

The Renaissance

IV. Italian Renaissance

C. Milan – Sforza

Galeazzo Sforza, Duke of Milan (1444-1476)

Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan (1454-1508)

The Renaissance

IV. Italian Renaissance

A. Beginnings

B. Florence – Medici

C. Milan – Sforza

D. Rome – Papacy

1. Alexander VI (1492-1503) – Borgia

Alexander VI

Cesare Borgia

Lucrezia Borgia

The Renaissance

IV. Italian Renaissance

A. Beginnings

B. Florence – Medici

C. Milan – Sforza

D. Rome – Papacy

1. Alexander VI (1492-1503) – Borgia

2. Julius II (1503-1513) – Rovere

Julius II

The Renaissance

IV. Italian Renaissance

A. Beginnings

B. Florence – Medici

C. Milan – Sforza

D. Rome – Papacy

1. Alexander VI (1492-1503) – Borgia

2. Julius II (1503-1513) – Rovere

3. Leo X (1513-1521) – Medici

Leo X Martin Luther

Hanno

The Renaissance

IV. Italian Renaissance

A. Beginnings

B. Florence – Medici

C. Milan – Sforza

D. Rome – Papacy

E. Venice – merchants

*Doge

Doge’s Palace

The Renaissance

V. Northern Renaissance (after 1500)

*France, Germany, Holland, England

A. Christian humanism

1. Less emphasis on classical

2. Applied Renaissance ideas to religion

3. Modernized Catholic doctrine, practices

The Renaissance

V. Northern Renaissance (after 1500)

*France, Germany, Holland, England

A. Christian humanism

B. Printing press (1456)

1. Johann Gutenberg

2. Movable typeJohann Gutenberg

(1398-1468)

Printing PressMovable Type

The Renaissance

VI. Renaissance achievements

A. Literature

1. Dante (1265-1321) – Italian

*Divine Comedy

2. Petrarch (1304-1374) – Italian

a. Father of humanism

b. Love sonnets

SONNET XII. Although from falsehood I did thee restrain With all my povv'r, and paid thee honour due, Ungrateful tongue ; yet never did accrue Honour from thee, but shame, and fierce disdain : Most art thou cold, when most I want the strain Thy aid should lend while I for pity sue ; And all thy utt'rance is imperfect too, When thou dost speak, and as the dreamer's vain. Ye too, sad tears, throughout each ling'ring night Upon me wait, w hen I alone would stay ; But, needed by my peace, you take your flight : And, all so prompt anguish, and grief t' impart. You sighs, then slow, and broken breathe your way Aly looks alone truly reveal my heart.

THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES PETRARCH TRANSLATED ; IN A SELECTION OF HIS SONNETS, AND ODES ACCOMPANIED WITH NOTES, AND THE ORIGINAL ITALIAN; ALSO WITH THE HEAD OF PETRARCH FROM AN ANTIQUE BRONZE; BY THE TRANSLATOR Or CATULLUS.

SONNET XX. Warfare I cannot wage, yet know not peace; I fear, I hope, I burn, I freeze again ; Mount to the skies, then bow to earth my face ; Grasp the whole world, yet nothing I obtain. His pris'ner Love nor frees, nor will detain ; In toils he holds me not, nor will release ; He slays me not, nor 3'ct will he unchain ; Nor joy allows, nor lets my sorrow cease. Sightless I see my fair ; though mute, I mourn ; I scorn existence, and yet court its stay ; Detest myself, and for another burn ; By grief I'm nurtur'd ; and, though tearful, gay ; Death I despise, and life alike I hate : Such, lady, dost thou make my wayward state !

THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES PETRARCH TRANSLATED ; IN A SELECTION OF HIS SONNETS, AND ODES ACCOMPANIED WITH NOTES, AND THE ORIGINAL ITALIAN; ALSO WITH THE HEAD OF PETRARCH FROM AN ANTIQUE BRONZE; BY THE TRANSLATOR Or CATULLUS.

The Renaissance

VI. Renaissance achievements

A. Literature

3. Boccaccio (1313?-1375) – Italian

*Decameron

4. Chaucer (1340?-1400) – English

*Canterbury Tales

The Canterbury Tales

The General Prologue(lines 623-633)

Middle EnglishA somonour was ther with us in that place,That hadde a fyr-reed cherubynnes face,For saucefleem he was, with eyen narwe.As hoot he was and lecherous as a sparwe,With scalled browes blake and piled berd.Of his visage children were aferd.Ther nas quyk-silver, lytarge, ne brymstoon,Boras, ceruce, ne oille of tartre noon;Ne oynement that wolde clense and byte,That hym myghte helpen of his whelkes white,Nor of the knobbes sittynge on his chekes.

The Canterbury Tales

The General Prologue(lines 623-633)

Modern English Middle English

• A summoner was with us in that place, Who had a fiery-red, cherubic face, For eczema he had; his eyes were narrow As hot he was, and lecherous, as a sparrow; With black and scabby brows and scanty beard; He had a face that little children feared. There was no mercury, sulphur, or litharge, No borax, ceruse, tartar, could discharge, Nor ointment that could cleanse enough, or bite, To free him of his boils and pimples white, Nor of the bosses resting on his cheeks.

A somonour was ther with us in that place,That hadde a fyr-reed cherubynnes face,For saucefleem he was, with eyen narwe.As hoot he was and lecherous as a sparwe,With scalled browes blake and piled berd.Of his visage children were aferd.Ther nas quyk-silver, lytarge, ne brymstoon,Boras, ceruce, ne oille of tartre noon;Ne oynement that wolde clense and byte,That hym myghte helpen of his whelkes white,Nor of the knobbes sittynge on his chekes.

The Renaissance

VI. Renaissance achievements

A. Literature

5. Erasmus (1466?-1536) – Dutch

*In Praise of Folly

6. Machiavelli (1469-1527) – Italian

*The Prince

The Renaissance

VI. Renaissance achievements

A. Literature

7. More (1478-1535) – English

*Utopia

8. Cervantes (1547-1616) – Spanish

*Don Quixote

The Renaissance

VI. Renaissance achievements

A. Literature

9. Shakespeare (1564-1616) – English

a. Taming of the Shrew (comedy)

b. Julius Caesar (history)

c. Romeo and Juliet (tragedy)

The Renaissance

VI. Renaissance achievements

A. Literature

10. Milton (1608-1674) – English

*Paradise Lost

The Renaissance

VI. Renaissance achievements

A. Literature

B. Science

1. Copernicus (1473-1543) – Polish

*Heliocentric theory

2. Vesalius (1514-1564) – Flemish

*Science of anatomy

The Renaissance

VI. Renaissance achievements

A. Literature

B. Science

3. Bacon (1561-1626) – English

*Scientific method

4. Galileo (1564-1642) – Italian

a. Law of falling bodies

b. Improved the telescope

c. Confirmed Copernicus

The Renaissance

VI. Renaissance achievements

A. Literature

B. Science

5. Kepler (1571-1630) – German

*Elliptical orbit of planets

6. Harvey (1578-1657) – English

*Circulation of the blood

The Renaissance

VI. Renaissance achievements

A. Literature

B. Science

7. Descartes (1596-1650) – French

a. Laws of optics

b. Analytic geometry

8. Boyle (1627-1691) – English

*Law of gases

The Renaissance

VI. Renaissance achievements

A. Literature

B. Science

9. Leeuwenhoek (1632 – 1723) – Dutch

10. Newton (1642-1727) – English

a. Calculus

b. Laws of light, color

c. Laws of motion

d. Law of gravitation

Leeuwenhoek

Newton