the periodic tablethe periodic tablethe periodic tablethe periodic table your guide to understanding...
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Your Guide to Your Guide to
Understanding Chemistry!Understanding Chemistry!
http://www.dayah.com/periodic/Other/Periodic%20Table.pdf
What Information is in the Box?What Information is in the Box?
5
BBoron
10.951
2
3Atomic number: tells you the number of PROTONS
Symbol:
1 or 2 letters. 1st ALWAYS capital, 2nd ALWAYS lower case!
Element name
Atomic mass:
This number is the PROTONS and NEUTRONS added together!
Electron breakdown: This tells you how many electrons are in each energy level.
Why is the Periodic Table Arranged Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is?the Way it Is?
GROUPS OR FAMILIES: Each column has special physical characteristics that make it unique.
Why is the Periodic Table Arranged Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is?the Way it Is?
HYDROGEN:HYDROGEN:•Is an “orphan” (in a family by itself)
•Has 1 VALENCE ELECTRON (electrons in the outer energy level)
•Is a NONMETAL and a GAS.
Why is the Periodic Table Arranged Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is?the Way it Is?
ALKALI METALS:ALKALI METALS: •All have 1 VALENCE ELECTRON (electrons in the outer energy level)
•All are soft, shiny metals.
Why is the Periodic Table Arranged Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is?the Way it Is?
ALKALINE EARTH METALS:ALKALINE EARTH METALS: •All have 2 VALENCE ELECTRONS (electrons in the outer energy level)
•All are soft, shiny metals.
Why is the Periodic Table Arranged Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is?the Way it Is?
TRANSITION METALS:TRANSITION METALS:
•Can have more than one oxidation number
•All are shiny metals and are malleable (can be pounded into sheets) and ductile (made into a wire) •Iron, nickel and cobalt are the only magnetic elements.
Why is the Periodic Table Arranged Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is?the Way it Is?
BORON FAMILY:BORON FAMILY:•All have 3 VALENCE ELECTRONS (electrons in the outer energy level)
•Boron is a METALLOID.
•The rest are metals.
Why is the Periodic Table Arranged Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is?the Way it Is?
CARBON FAMILY:CARBON FAMILY:•All have 4 VALENCE ELECTRONS (electrons in the outer energy level)
•Carbon is a NONMETAL.
•Silicon and Germanium are METALLOIDS.
•The rest are metals.
Why is the Periodic Table Arranged Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is?the Way it Is?
NITROGEN FAMILY:NITROGEN FAMILY:•All have 5 VALENCE ELECTRONS (electrons in the outer energy level)
•Nitrogen and phosphorous are NONMETALS.
•Arsenic and Antimony are METALLOIDS.
•The rest are metals.
Why is the Periodic Table Arranged Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is?the Way it Is?
OXYGEN FAMILY:OXYGEN FAMILY:•All have 6 VALENCE ELECTRONS (electrons in the outer energy level)
•Oxygen, sulfur, and selenium are NONMETALS.
•Tellurim and polonium are METALLOIDS.
•The rest are metals.
Why is the Periodic Table Arranged Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is?the Way it Is?
HALOGEN FAMILY:HALOGEN FAMILY:
Halogen means “salt former”Halogen means “salt former”
•All have 7 VALENCE ELECTRONS (electrons in the outer energy level)
•Antimony is a METALLOID.
•The rest are NONMETALS.
Why is the Periodic Table Arranged Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is?the Way it Is?
NOBLE GASES:NOBLE GASES:•All have 8 VALENCE ELECTRONS (electrons in the outer energy level)
•Because of the 8 valence electrons, these elements DO NOT REACT with other elements to form a compound.
•All are NONMETALS AND GASES.
How is an Atom Arranged?How is an Atom Arranged?
An atom has a NUCLEUS.
In the nucleus are the PROTONS and NEUTRONS.
PROTONS have a POSITIVE charge.
NEUTRONS have
NO CHARGE.
How is an Atom Arranged?How is an Atom Arranged?
The ELECTRONS are arranged in ENERGY LEVELS around the nucleus.
ELECTRONS have a NEGATIVE charge.
How is an Atom Arranged?How is an Atom Arranged?
The ELECTRONS are arranged in ENERGY LEVELS around the nucleus.
The FIRST energy level has 2 electrons.
How is an Atom Arranged?How is an Atom Arranged?
The SECOND ENERGY LEVEL can hold 8 electrons.
How is an Atom Arranged?How is an Atom Arranged?
The THIRD ENERGY LEVEL can hold 18 electrons.
Why is the Periodic Table Arranged Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is?the Way it Is?
PERIODS OR ROWS: Each period tells you how many energy levels an element has.
Why is the Periodic Table Arranged Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is?the Way it Is?
Period 1: Only Hydrogen and Helium. Both have electrons in 1 energy level.
Hydrogen Helium
Why is the Periodic Table Arranged Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is?the Way it Is?
Period 2: These have electrons in 2 energy levels.
Beryllium
Why is the Periodic Table Arranged Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is?the Way it Is?
Period 3: These have electrons in 3 energy levels.
Why is the Periodic Table Arranged Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is?the Way it Is?
Period 4: These have electrons in 4 energy levels.
Why is the Periodic Table Arranged Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is?the Way it Is?
Period 5: These have electrons in 5 energy levels.
Why is the Periodic Table Arranged Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is?the Way it Is?
Period 6: These have electrons in 6 energy levels.
Why is the Periodic Table Arranged Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is?the Way it Is?
Period 7: These have electrons in 7 energy levels.
PERIODIC TABLE QUIZPERIODIC TABLE QUIZ
• It is now time for your quiz• Take out your JOURNAL• Enter Periodic Table Quiz in the Table
of Contents• Turn to page ____ of your journal• Keep your answers covered at all
times.
QUIZQUIZ
1. What element is in group 13, period 3?
QUIZQUIZ
2. What element is in group 2, period 2?
QUIZQUIZ
3. What element is in group 17, period 5?
QUIZQUIZ
4. How many protons does Chlorine have?
QUIZQUIZ
5. How many electrons does Magnesium have?
QUIZQUIZ
6. How many neutrons does Sodium have?
QUIZQUIZ
7. How many neutrons does Silicon have?
QUIZQUIZ
8. How many neutrons does Silicon have?
QUIZQUIZ
9. How many neutrons does Silicon have?
QUIZQUIZ
10. How many neutrons does Silicon have?
QuizQuiz
11. How many protons does this element have?
13. What is the atomic number?
12. How many electrons does this element have in the second energy level?
14. What is this element?
15. All blanks are filled in on your notes page. True or False?