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from the Creation shall continue. A diluted examination,to enable women to practise upon women, came particularlywithin the limits of what the address was specially intendedto denounce, a partial, fragmentary, and, therefore, an in-complete education and qualification to practise at all.Pregnancy, the author said, presented the most gradualdeparture from the physiological to the pathological, andreturn to the physiological condition, and hence affordedpeculiar opportunities for investigation of many morbidconditions. Amongst the neuroses liable to be induced orawakened into activity by this condition, and which in itmay be studied to greater advantage, may be mentionedchorea, ague, insanity, glycosuria (which has been studiedprincipally upon animals), yellow atrophy of the liver, pig-anentation of the skin and possibly associated changes in thesupra-renal gland, thrombosis (as in phlegmasia dolens), &c.These are subjects which neither in any general or anyspecial book have in this connexion been fully discussed ; insome, indeed, they have been barely hinted at, and awaitinvestigation. Pregnancy is the greatest test of physicalsoundness, and labour is the greatest of all surgical ope-rations.

Dr. Matthews Duncan, in moving a vote of thanks forDr. Barnes’ able address, and concurring in all that hadbeen therein expressed, suggested that, taking a stepfurther, he would urge the importance of the gynaecologicallaboratory as a means of pursuing the investigations markedout by Dr. Barnes.At the last general meeting on Friday, in the report of

the Chloroform Committee, it was announced that thecommittee recommended the Association to appoint a sub-committee of research, to consist of Drs. Ramsay, Coates,and McKendrick, all of Glasgow, and that an additionalgrant of .650 be made to aid in its researches.

Perhaps on no occasion during the meetings were theremore crowded audiences than at the demonstrations givenon Thursday and Friday in the Anatomical theatre, byDr. Sayre, of New York, his forcible method and soundpractical observations eliciting general applause. After the

reading of a letter of thanks from the chairman of theAmerican delegation for the great kindness with which theyhad been received, the business of the last general meetingof the session of this most successful reunion came to aclose.

THE WAR.

NOTWITHSTANDING the remarkable development inRussia of efforts for the aid of the sick and wounded in the

present war, and generally of the medico-sanitary arrange-ments for the forces in the field, so far as they relate tohospitals and ambulances, it would appear that the sanitaryregulation of the Russian encampments by no means corre-sponds with the more strictly medical elements of theservice. The reports which reach us from the camps inBulgaria and on the left bank of the Danube, indicate thatin the various matters which concern camp-hygiene theRussian troops have hardly advanced beyond the positionthey held during the Crimean War. The camp-regulationsin all matters relating to cleanliness would appear to besingularly lax, and the camps exhibit conditions of filthinesswhich must necessarily sooner or later exercise a disastrousinfluence upon the troops exposed to them. When it is knownthat in the immediate vicinity of the Emperor’s quartersheaps of human filth and carrion have been permitted to re-main quite unnoticed, fouling the air with almost intolerablestench, the worst is to be augufed for the troops when theypass into winter quarters. Whatever the peculiarities ofthe Russian soldier as to his domestic habits, it is difficultto believe that he would prove unamenable to disciplinerelative to the orderliness and cleanliness of his quarters.The fact we have related as to the Emperor’s quarters leadsto the suspicion that the soldiers’ carelessness as to camp-hygiene simply reflects the indinerenoe of the offioers on thesubject. This is the more remarkable as it is well knownthat much anxiety is entertained as to the health of thetroops in view of an autumn and winter campaign in, or

occupation of, the low-lying lands bordering the Danube andthe uncultivated districts of Bulgaria.The thick cloud of exaggeration and of lying which has

enwrapped the horrors of the present war is now beingrapidly dissipated, and the ghastly truth is becomingclearer and clearer. There can be but little doubt that theRussian soldiery must be exonerated from the charge ofactively taking part in the numerous authenticated atrocitiesreported, and that the responsibility for them rests almostwholly with the Turks. The conduct of the Turkish forcesin following up the retreating Russians in Bulgaria hasbeen often so horrible that it can hardly be passed un-noticed by the neutral European States.The Cologne Gazette reports that the Russian Government

has asked Dr. Erisman, a pupil of Professor Pettenkofer,to undertake the charge of disinfecting the battle-fields inTurkey.

Considerable dissatisfaction is felt by many as to theaction of the English National Aid Society for the sick andwounded. An important deputation recently waited uponthe Society to express this dissatisfaction, inasmuch ashitherto the aid of the Society had been virtually given tothe Turkish army alone. It was urged by the deputation.that the Society should send equal help to the Russians andMontenegrins. The Society is about to prepare a detailedanswer to the charge of partiality in its work. Meanwhile,the ship, which it recently sent to the Black Sea, laden withmedical and surgical stores, is doing excellent work there.The representatives of the different English aid societiesin Turkey are working cordially with the Red CrescentSociety. Lord Blantyre has sent out to Turkey foursurgeons at his own expense; and the Stafford House Com-mittee has now, among other things, two hospitals, con-taining altogether 260 beds, at work in Adrianople.

THE PARKES MEMORIAL FUND.

AT a meeting of the committee of the Parkes MemorialFund, held at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Netley, August6th, 1877, letters received from subscribers in reply to thecircular issued in March, 1877, were read, and found toagree unanimously in approving of the resolution provi-sionally adopted by the committee relative to the,disposalof the collected money-namely, 11 That the balance of themoney which may remain after paying for the portrait ofthe late Dr. Parkes, and defraying other expenses incurredby having heliotype copies of the portrait distributedamong the subscribers, printing circulars, postage, &c., be

’

placed at interest; that such interest be allowed to accu-mulate for periods not exceeding three years, and that theamount (about .8100) then available be offered for the best

I essay on a subject connected with hygiene, to be declared atthe commencement of each triennial period, the prize to be

. open to all executive medical officers of the army, navy, and’ Indian army on full pay (except the officers of the Armyi Medical School during their term of office)."L It was carried unanimously-I 1. That this resolution be adopted.I 2. That, if the fund admit, a gold medal, bearing the por-

trait of the late Dr. Parkes, of value not exceeding .815, beI

given, in addition to the =6100 prize, to the successful compe-I titor, and that a sum not exceeding X50 be set apart for theI die.I 3. That lst December, 1880, be the date for sending in, essays.,

4. That the subject for the prize essay be determined by, the Professor of Hygiene in the Army Medical School, inconjunction with a committee formed by the Director-

i General of the Army Medical Department, the Director-

; General of the Naval Medical Department, and the Phy-I sician to the Council of India.

I ____

A VESSEL arrived some few days ago at Falmouth,, from Bonny, with three of the crew dead from West-Coast

fever. All the others, except the captain, had suffered from, the same disease, and for nearly sixty days the captain andone man worked the vessel.