the obesity epidemic and changes in the food environment andrew rundle, dr.p.h. associate professor...
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The Obesity Epidemic and Changes in the Food Environment
Andrew Rundle, Dr.P.H.
Associate Professor of EpidemiologyCo-Director of the Mailman School Obesity
Prevention Initiative
Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia University
Obesity Among U.S. Adults, 1994 and 2010
(BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
<10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%-29% ≥30
1994 2010
Prevalence of Obesity
Note: 1994 is the first year that all States reported obesity data to the CDC’s BRFSS
1971
–197
4
1976
–198
0
1988
–199
4
1999
–200
0
2001
–200
2
2003
–200
4
2005
–200
6
2007
–200
8
2009
–201
0
2011
–201
20
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
ObeseOverweightP
erc
en
tag
e
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Children and
Adolescents from 1971–1974 to 2011-2012
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000*
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
1,500
1,800
2,100
2,400
2,700
3,000
Average Daily Calories per Capita Available from the U.S. Food System has
Increased (1970-2010)1
1. Adjusted for spoilage and other waste• In 2000 the number of companies reporting vegetable oil production increased
Source – USDA Economic Research Service.
Meat, eggs and nuts
Dairy
Fruit
Vegetables
Flour and cereal products
Added fats and oils and dairy fats
Sugars and sweeteners (added)
Total
-10 10 30 50 70
Percent Increase in Average Daily per Capita Calories Available1 from 1970 –
2010 by Food Category
1. Adjusted for spoilage and other waste
Source – USDA Economic Research Service.
Cost of Fruit and Vegetables has Increased and Cost of Sugars and Fats
has Decreased
Percent change in prices1 1985 - 2014
1. Using inflation adjusted prices.
Calories/Serving in Classic Recipes1 from The Joy of Cooking: 1975 & 2006
1. Apple Pie, Barbeque Chicken, Beef Pot Roast, Cheeseburger, Chili con Carne, Corn Muffins, Lasagna, Mashed Potatoes, Meat Loaf, Pancakes, Sloppy Joes, and Tuna Casserole.
1975 20060
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800M
ean
Calo
ries P
er
Serv
-in
g (
kcal)
[Cereijido et al., 2009]
"Launched in September 1993, CHUBBY is first carbonated soft drink to be developed and targeted specifically at children under the age of 12. Its success has been phenomenal.”Chubby Investor Relations Materials
Products are Now Marketed to Children
1960
1966
1972
1978
1984
1990
1996
2002
2008
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Eating Out is On the Rise
• Since the 1960s, expenditures for food eaten outside the home have steadily increased.
• On average meals eaten outside the home are less healthy than meals prepared at home.
Source: USDA, Economic Research Service
Share of total food expenditure (%)
At home
Away from home
McDonald’s Serving Sizes 1955 & 2002
1955 Small Medium Large Super
2.4 2.4
5.36.3
7.1Fries (oz)
1955 Child Small Medium Large Super
712 16
2232
42Soda (oz)
2002[Young et al., 2003]
2002
[Farley TA, et al., AJPH, 2010].
Snack Foods are Now Everywhere