Middle Colonies were made up of: Pennsylvania Delaware New Jersey New York

Location: •Located in between New England and Southern Colonies.•Located across

Agriculture:•Navigable Rivers•Had lots of farming (lots of farmers)Soil:•Excellent soilCrops: •Wheat•Barley crops•Rye•maize*** Flour shipped to England and the West Indies from ports of Philadelphia and New York

•Weather:1.Temperate2.Hot & Moist3.Growing Season’s moderate

1. Moisture caused:1. Diseases due to mosquitoes2. Yellow Fever

1609 The middle colonies were founded when the Dutch merchants sent ships across the Atlantic and up the Hudson River in search of furs from the Indians. 1614 They founded a permanent settlement at fort Nassau (later called Fort Orange).1625 They built New Amsterdam at the tip of Manhattan Island. It served as the

colony’s largest town, major seaport, and government headquarters.1638 Traders founded New Sweden on the lower Delaware River. The settlers there built Fort Christina at the site of present day Wilmington.1664 An English expedition forced Governor Stuyvesant to surrender his colony,

and the English renamed it New York after the Duke of York. New Amsterdam became New York City and Fort Orange became Albany.

The Duke of York granted the land between the Hudson and Delaware Rivers as New Jersey

1608 King Charles II granted William Penn the land west of the Delaware River which became Pennsylvania.1682 William Penn arrived with 23 ships containing 2,000 colonists. He established

Philadelphia as his capital.

PennsylvaniaCharles II granted William Penn a land to pay off his

debt (proprietor colony) to his father, and with that land

Penn made the “holy experiment” Difference

from the rest of the governments from other 3

places.Representative Government-

male settlers make laws for colony.

RG= Made up of a Governor, provincial council, and a

general assembly.Due to Penn’s constitution

“Frame of Government.” Guarantee for limited

government power, and equality.

DelawareFounded by William Penn, whom allowed his belief of

religious and political freedom here as well as Pennsylvania

New YorkPeter Stuyvesant didn’t

allow the people’s involvement in government.

The settlers were not allowed to believe in

different religions, only to the Dutch Reformed church.

The Duke of York received New York as a propriety colony from Governor

Stuyvesant’s surrender then converted it a royal colony. He allowed setters, the right

to keep their land and the freedom of religion, but he was strict about the people

governing themselves.

New JerseyNew Jersey had one high

government officialProprietors were interested

in making moneyProprietors allowed

religious freedom and political freedom in order

to attract more settlers $$$ on selling land

Proprietary ColonyColony or land granted to someone with full control over itRoyal ColonyColony owned by the kings

Favorable geography and climate

Lumber, shipbuilding

Industry

Commerce

trade NYC, Philly

Fur trade

“bread colonies”

Grains, especially wheat, were exported

Pennsylvania attracted immigrants due to available fertile land and religious tolerance

Wheat

Middle Colonies attracted a varied group of immigrants

•Religious tolerance

•Economic opportunity

Ethnic GroupsNY – DutchPA – GermansFrontier – Scots-IrishDL – SwedesAll colonies – EnglishFew African slaves

Families migrated

Pluralism – ethnic and religious diversity

A Germ

an Community

The “Frame of Government” an

important constitution written by William Penn as

a way of expressing his belief of political freedom and religious toleration.

This constitution was written for the

“holy experiment,” Pennsylvania

Firstly, Penn states that any “government is free to the people under it where the laws rule, and the people are a party to those laws.”Secondly, Penn states, “though good laws do well, good men do better, for good laws may want good men and be abolished or evaded.”Throughout The “Frame of Government” Penn basically expresses his beliefs for Pennsylvania which are:

1.Religious toleration2.Limited government power3.Equality among all

William Penn was the founder of Pennsylvania.

King Charles II owed a debt to Penn’s father. He gave Penn

what would become Pennsylvania, one of the most diverse states in the colonies.

Penn was a Quaker, but unlike most Quakers, who were

usually shopkeepers and small farmers, he was very wealthy.In England, many Quakers

were jailed for their religious beliefs, including Penn.

•Penn founded Pennsylvania as a safe place for the Quakers.

•He called Pennsylvania a “holy experiment” because it granted

religious freedom unlike the other colonies.

•This religious tolerance attracted many Europeans of many different

religions.•William Penn wrote a constitution for

Pennsylvania. It:•Guaranteed many fundamental

liberties•Limited the power of

government •Contained provisions for

amending the constitution•Even though Penn had been granted Pennsylvania from King Charles II, he bought the land from the Indians and maintained good relations with them.

“Frost Chart for United States.” Chart. The Old Farmer’s Almanac. 2008. Reinvented Inc. 6 October, 2008. <http://www.almanac.com/>.

“German Settlement in Colonial Pennsylvannia.” The Historical Society of Pennsylvania. 8 October 2008. <www.hsp.org/.../gedenkfeiergermanamerican250.jpg >.

Lapsansky-Werner, Emma J., Peter B. Levy, Randy Roberts, Alan Taylor. United States History. Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson Education, Inc, 2008.

"Middle Colonies." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 3 Oct 2008, 15:11 UTC. 3 Oct 2008 <http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?

title=Middle_Colonies&oldid= 242760845>.

Penn, William. “Frame of Government of Pennsylvania.” Constitution Society. 1995/09/12. John, Roland. 2 October 2008.

“Triangle of Trade.” Wikipedia. 7 September 2008. Wikimedia Foundation. 8 October 2008.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Triangle_trade2.png>.