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The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives

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Page 1: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

The Mass Media

Sociological Perspectives

Page 2: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Mass Media defined

• Mass media is defined as -interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences.

• Mass Media include-television, radio, newspapers, the internet

Page 3: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Early Critics (Gomberg, 1964)

• According to (television standardizes children’s minds and stereotypes their imaginations.

•  

Page 4: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Urie Bronfrenbrennar

• Referrred to the television viewing as, “The Unmaking of the American child(1962)

Page 5: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Mass=large clump

• The term- mass media, derives from the term mass -large clump, shapeless piece of matter…

Page 6: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Mass Communications

• Media…media = middle

• Some (Chomsky, 1991) mass media:

• middling,

• leveling,

• compartmentalizing,

• channelling,

Page 7: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Brief HISTORY of the News

• THE UNITED STATES

• &

• CANADA

Page 8: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Early Democracy US

• Free Press dynamic=liberty..

• Independent News in every city and town

• The 1850 census catalogued 2,526 newspaper titles.

Page 9: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

The early US 20th century.

• An astounding 11,314 different papers were recorded in the 1880 census.

Page 10: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Radio and television

• By the 1960s Radio and Television surpassed the Newspaper.

• By the 2000s Radio and TV were being surpassed by the Internet.

Page 11: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Media in Canada

• The Oldest Canadian Newpaper The Halifax Gazette

• Currently six corporations control Canadian media compared to over 100 owners in 1900.

Page 12: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Timeline of To the Internet

1. 1939 First Television

2. 1945-War ends-domestic production and consumerism begins

3. 1957-Sputnik

Page 13: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Timeline

4. 1960-ARPA. From military use to University

5. 1980- Computer begin***6. 1990’s WWW7. 2000 –capitalism and

globalization.

Page 14: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Selectivity of the News-

• Leftist -note that news coverage of ethnic minorities is negative

1. -Unbalanced coverage

2. Street Crime vs Suite Crime

Page 15: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Right Wing Media Critic..

• argue that news is too negative about the economy

• i.e More people are working, output is higher.

Page 16: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Theoretical Perspectives on Mass Media

1. Structural Functional –integration (the town crier)

2. Conflict-ideology (bourgeois false consciousness)

3. Symbolic Interactionist- (formal rationality)

4. Post Modernism-(fragmented discourses)

Page 17: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

1. Functionalists-Mass media

• The mass media in a democratic nation reflect varied opinions, it is fair and neutral many groups are represented.

•  Media integrates human society, brings groups together, contributes to collective consciousness.

Page 18: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Mass Media: A Functional Social Institution

• Mass media-newspapers, magazines, television, radio, the internet, can be considered an institution.

• One of society’s key agents of socialization

Page 19: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Mass Media and SF

• a.      Functionalists such as T. Parsons-media plays a vital role in the integration, adaptation society.

• The media gathers and disseminates information (It is only the town crier).

Page 20: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Mass Media and SF

• b.     It socializes us into the on-going social order…It transmits cultural heritage, and basic norms and values.

• c.      It provides pleasure and entertainment-stress management (chill out and watch the tube)

Page 21: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

• d      Reinforces shared ideals, justice, democracy, respect for the law amidst freedom and individualism

• e.     Provides social integration, surveillance, reproduces a moral order (Durkheim

Page 22: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

2 Conflict Theory on Media

• The media is an instrument of the bourgeoisie.

• The wealthy and the powerful utilize media to maintain the hegemonic status in the social order.

• The Mass Media -disseminate ideology

Page 23: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Box 5.1

The Number One Global Media Corporation

Chapter 5 Copyright © 2001 Harcourt Canada Ltd. Slide 10

Page 24: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Ideology

• Conflict theorists define ideology as a body of assumptions, ideas, and values the combine into a coherent world view.

Page 25: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

IDEOLOGY-

• COMES FROM THE TOP DOWN…IDEAS OF THE RULING CLASS.

• The bourgeoisie suffer from `false consciousness’.

Page 26: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Mass Media: CONFLICT THEORY

• Few of us have actually sat down and thought about ideas vs. ideology

• IDEOLOGY- ideas legitimated by the RULING CLASS

Page 27: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Legitimacy

 Legitimacy comes to us from without in at least four ways:

Page 28: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Conflict Theory – Mass MediaSee Adorno

1. The media is a capitalist tool

2. The media is owned by the dominant class

Page 29: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

3. -Only a few corporations in charge,

4. Television is an advertising mechanism with splatters of news and entertainment.

Page 30: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

 

5. Media =mass deception

 

6. Media -legitimates the status quo-

Page 31: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

False Consciousness

7. Disseminates a dominant ideology that cultivates production and consumption of commodities…commodity fetishism

Page 32: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

  Media -mass deception

..

8.  Media for the most part is an opiate –see Marx on religion

.

Page 33: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Media +hegemony

• 9.      -Those on top are not something to strive for…

• Achievement is an ideology.

• SEE LOTTERIES AS IDEOLOGY

Page 34: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Information technology

• 10. -IT distracts people /prevents them from recognizing the exploitive characteristics of capitalism

Page 35: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

IDEAS OR IDEOLOGY?

• Far beyond serving as sources of information, the media influence our attitudes towards social issues, other people, and even our self concept.

Page 36: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

R.Connel (1989)

• Mass media constructs gender

• People identify with the stereotypes view on TV and the Movies.

Page 37: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

• For example, despite attention to violence today,

• 40% of violent acts are committed by Heroes.

Page 38: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

1. Violence is normalized

2. Violence part of masculinity.

3. Femininity-passive, compliant.

Page 39: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

• Hegemonic Masculinity

and

• Emphasized Femininity

Page 40: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

3. Symbolic Interactionism

• CW. Mills

• “The media not only give us information; they guide our very experience.

• .” –our standards, our credulity our view of reality itself…

Page 41: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Sociological Imagination(C. Wright Mills 1959)

•  Sociological imagination helps us grasp the relationship between history and biography.

Page 42: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Public influences private

• Through Mass media we can see

• how our personal lives are connected to social world

• (micro-macro connection).

Page 43: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

SI and Conflict View

• See Herman and Chomski, Manufacturing Consent.

• The mass media constructs social reality

Page 44: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Symbolic Interactionism,

• Use of language, visual images, symbolic tools-

• representation of reality is a selective process-

• What is to be included and left out….• Every representation is only one of

several ways of seeing and talking about something.

Page 45: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Media &the political spectrum

• “From the point of view of those on left-wing of the political spectrum, the right wing media are:

• …Not merely influential or persuasive,

they are powerful!

Page 46: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Political Right

• To those on the Political Right, such as George Bush and even Lou Dobbs, a left wing media,

• However small and tacky, however badly mimeographed and coffee stained, carry more weight than the New York Times.

Page 47: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Crime in the News

• We here much about STREET CRIME-crack dealer, prostitute, robbery at the grocery store.

• Little about SUITE CRIME-white collar crime is more destructive to society as a whole.

Page 48: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

4. The Technological Technological PerpectivePerpective

• SEE MARSHAL McLUHAN

• THE MEDIUM IS THE MESSAGE

• (Theory-enhance, retrieve, reverse, obsolesce)

Page 49: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Technological change

• Mass media is driven by capitalism and technological change-television for example, was introduced in 1939…

• Now it consumes our lives….

Page 50: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Electronic Media `is’ the Message

• -Technological Approach

• THE MEDIUM IS THE MESSAGE

• Medium=enhance, retrieve, reverse, obsolesce

Page 51: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Television

• Television, in particular, has become a critical force in the socialization of children.

• In 1999, survey in Canada, 99% of households contained at least on TV, 75% at least on VCR, 75% cable. 

•  

Page 52: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Technological change

• In the New millenium-cell phones, IPODS, MP3,

• Global positioning systems-BIG BROTHER…

• See Enemy of the State-Will Smith

Page 53: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Social Change

• In 1979, Canadians spent 200 million on movie rental and going to movies…

• Whereas in the 1990’s that figure jumps 800 million…

Page 54: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

• W. F Ogburn (1933)-a change in material culture, produces `cultural lag’-change in non-material culture is slower.

• McLuhan-media messages are growing increasing powerful and ubiquitous

Page 55: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

5. POST MODERNISM:

• .     Television and other media are a discourse those in privileged positions:

• can limit the discourse of other,

• control the information flow,

• select content.

Page 56: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

4. POST MODERNISM:

• .     Television and other media are a discourse those in privileged positions:

• can limit the discourse of other, • control the information flow, • select content. • .

• .

Page 57: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Bruce Hornsby and the Range

• Well they passed a law in 64To give those who aint got a little moreBut it only goes so farBecause the law anothers mindWhen all it sees at the hiring timeIs the line on the color bar

Page 58: The Mass Media Sociological Perspectives. Mass Media defined Mass media is defined as - interpersonal communications directed to a vast audiences. Mass

Television and Stereotypes

• a.    TV mirrors society’s patterns of inequality• b.    TV rarely challenges the status quo…trailer

park boys• c.     TV almost always places men in positions of

power• d.     TV almost always depicts women as mothers

or subordinates•