T h e M. S. T s w e t t C h r o m a t o g r a p h y Medal 1978

The M. S. Tswett Chromatography Medals were awarded to L. S. Ettre, J. C. Giddings and R. P. Ir Scott at the 13th International Symposium on Advances in Chromato- graphy held in St. Louis, Missouri, October 16-19, 1978.

LESLIE STEPHEN ETTRE was born in 1922 in Szombathely, Hungary. He graduated in chemical engineer- ing at the Technical University, Budapest, in 1945, and later obtained a technical doctorate from the same school. Prior to 1957 he was active in Hungary, in the chemical industry, industrial research and academic teaching. In 1957-1958 he was a chemist at the laboratories of the LURGI Companies, in Frankfurt/Main, German Federal Republic. After coming to the United States, in the fall of 1958, he joined the Perkin-Elmer Corporation, in Norwalk, Connecticut, and served as applications chemist, product specialist and chief applications chemist in gas chromatography. Between 1968 and 1972, he took over the executive editorship of the Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemical Analysis, a 20-volume series published by J. Wiley & Sons. In 1972 he returned to Perkin-Elmer as a senior staff scientist, his present position. In the 1977/78 school year he also served as a research associate at the Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences of Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

Dr. Ettre is the author and coauthor of close to 100 scientific and technical papers and a number of books from which his "Open Tubular Columns in Gas Chromato- graphy" (1965), "Practice of Gas Chromatography" (1967; with A. Zlatkis), "Ancillary Techniques of Gas Chromatography" (1969; with W. H. McFadden) and "Open Tubular Columns - An Introduction" (1973) are best known. The book on ancillary techniques was also published in 1972 in Russian translation while the last introductory book on open tubular columns in 1976 in German translation.

Dr. Ettre has lectured widely in the world and has been active in the organization of several international symposia in chromatography. He has served as the chairman of the Anniversary Symposium on Chromatography (164th National American Chemical Society Meeting, New York, Fall 1972) and the Symposium on Selective Chromato- graphy Detectors (172nd National American Chemical Society Meeting, San Francisco, Calif., Fall 1976) and cochairman of the Summer Symposium in Analytical Chemistry of the ACS Analytical Division in 1973. He is one of the editors of "Chromatographia" and serves on the editorial advisory board of the "Journal of Chromato- graphic Science".

Dr. Ettre's involvement in gas chromatography started in 1957, at LURGI, in Frankfurt/Main, and continued ever since. His activities covered a wide variety of fields in- cluding trace analysis, studies on detector response, the retention index system and particularly open tubular (capillary) columns; in the latter field his activities in the practical introduction of support-coated open tubular columns and the investigation of their properties is parti- cularly noteworthy. He has served as the head of the largest gas chromatography application laboratory in the scientific instrument field, in the most important evolu- tionary period of the technique and was instrumental in setting up the system of these laboratories.

In recent years, Dr. Ettre's interest focussed more-and- more on the history of chromatography, particularly on the early evolution of the various techniques, looking them in the proper historical and political context and investigating their interaction with other scientific dis- ciplines.

J. CALVIN GIDDINGS was born in 1930, in American Fork, Utah, USA. He received a B. S. degree from Brigham Young University in 1952 and a Ph.D. from the University of Utah in 1954. His graduate advisor was Henry Eyring.

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In 1957, following postdoctoral work at Utah and the University of Wisconsin, he joined the faculty of the Uni- versity of Utah as assistant professor of chemistry. He be- came associate professor in 1959, research professor in 1962 and professor in 1966.

Dr. Giddings is the author of more than 180 scientific papers. His research interest is wide ranging. His early studies on flame theory, quantum mechanics and chemical kinetics soon yielded to his interests in chromatography and related methods. However, he also published papers on snow and avalanche physics, steady-state kinetics, prediction of diffusion coefficients and probability factors in nuclear holocust. In addition to his book the Dynamics of Chromatography (M. Dekker, 1965) he also wrote a textbook on Chemistry, Man and Environmental Change (Canfield Press, 1973) which reflects his long standing interest in the environment. He is also the coeditor of 16 volumes of Advances in Chromatography.

His participation in outdoor activities and exploration, which has been the source of five articles, culminated in 1975 when he organized an expedition for the first suc- cessful navigation of Peru's Apurimac river, source of the Amazon. This exploration, through what the Encyclopedia Britannica calls "one of the deepest canyons of the hemis- phere", is the subject of his forthcoming book.

Dr. Giddings is the recipient of the American Chemical Society Award in Chromatography and Electrophoresis, the Utah Award of the local section of the Society, and the ROMCOE Award for Outstanding Environmental Achievement in Education. In 1974 he received a Fulbright Grant for work in Peru, and has received lectureship awards from Nebraska, North Carolina and the State Uni- versity of New York at Buffalo.

Dr. Giddings' interest in chromatography is dated back to his graduate years. His work in this area has shed light on nearly every chromatographic process, including non- equilibrium, diffusion, eddy diffusion, pressure changes, flow in paper and thin-layer chromatography, preparative scale and programmed-temperature GC, exclusion chroma- tography, electrophoresis and the generation of non- gaussian zones. He has worked extensively with the opti- mization of chromatography and has developed new high- pressure chromatographic systems and the one-phase system called field-flow fractionation.

RAYMOND PETER WILLIAM SCOTT was born in 1924, in Erith, Kent, United Kingdom. He studied at the Uni- versity of London, obtaining his B. Sc. degree in 1946 and his Doctor of Science degree in 1958. After spending more than decade at Benzole Producers, Ltd. where he became the head of the Physical Chemistry Laboratory, he joined W. G. Pye in 1960. In 1961 he moved to Unil- ever Research Laboratories as manager of the Physical Chemistry Department. In 1969, he immigrated to the United States and since that time, he has been the director of the Physical Chemistry Department at Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., in Nutley, New Jersey.

Dr. Scott is the author and co-author of over 100 scientific papers largely involving the theory and practice of both gas and liquid chromatography. He edited the proceedings on gas chromatography (1960 Edinburgh symposium) and is the author of two books, "Contemporary Liquid Chro- matography" and "Liquid Chromatography Detectors". Dr. Scott was a founding member of the Gas Chromato- graphy Discussion Group and exhibited his high-speed columns at the Royal Society Tercentary Exhibition in 1961. He received the American Chemical Society Award on Chromatography (1977). He is a fellow of the Royal Institute of Chemistry.

Dr. Scott's activities in gas chromatography started practi- cally at the inception of the technique. He pioneered in the development of high-resolution columns, high sensitivity detectors and presented fundamental discussions on the relationship between the theory and practice of the tech- nique. Joining very early those chromatographers who became involved in the development of modern high- performance liquid chromatography, Dr. Scott pioneered in many of the achievements which are today utilized routinely by many analytical laboratories.

A. Zlatkis

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