the luteal phase of the estrous and menstrual cycle

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The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle John Parrish

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The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle. John Parrish. steroid synthesis progesterone collagenase theca interna. present 1-3 days following ovulation blood vessels in follicle wall rupture walls collapse cells intermix old basement membrane becomes connective tissue of CL. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle

The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle

The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle

John ParrishJohn Parrish

Page 2: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle
Page 3: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle

• steroid synthesis– progesterone

• collagenase– theca interna

Page 4: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle

• present 1-3 days following ovulation

• blood vessels in follicle wall rupture

• walls collapse

• cells intermix

• old basement membrane becomes connective tissue of CL

Page 5: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle

• increases in size– papilla forms

• composed of cells from the granulosa and theca interna

• progesterone production increases

• a small cavity may be present where the folliclular antrum was present

Page 6: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle

Luteal TissueLuteal Tissue

• Large cells from granulosa

• Small cells from the theca interna

• Large cells from granulosa

• Small cells from the theca interna

Page 7: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle
Page 8: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle

Mitochondria

SecretoryGranules

- Oxytocin- Relaxin

Page 9: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle

Functional Capability of CLFunctional Capability of CL• the number of luteal cells

– large cells undergo hypertrophy (3 fold)– small cells undergo hyperplasia (5 fold)

• vascularization of CL– Initiated by angiogenic factors from

follicle– Vascularity effects CL steroid synthesis

and delivery of hormones

• Insufficient CL function– Failure to maintain pregnancy– Important in domestic animals

• the number of luteal cells– large cells undergo hypertrophy (3 fold)– small cells undergo hyperplasia (5 fold)

• vascularization of CL– Initiated by angiogenic factors from

follicle– Vascularity effects CL steroid synthesis

and delivery of hormones

• Insufficient CL function– Failure to maintain pregnancy– Important in domestic animals

Page 10: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle

Progesterone Targets

Aveolar Development

Blocks EstrusNegative Feedback

Page 11: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle

Molecular Mechanism of LH on Luteal Cell

Receptor

PKA

NucleusDNA

Histones

Protein Synthesis(Enzymes) mRNA

Plasma Membrane

(cAMP second messenger)(cAMP second messenger)

Cholesterol

GAdenylate Cyclase

C

RcAMP

LH

ATP cAMP

(+ PO4)

R-ERProtein Synthesis

MitochondriaCholesterolPregnenolone

S-ERSteroid Synthesis

Progesterone

Page 12: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle

Molecular Mechanism of LH on Luteal Cell

Receptor

PKA

Protein Synthesis(Enzymes)

Plasma Membrane

(cAMP second messenger)(cAMP second messenger)

Cholesterol

GAdenylate Cyclase

C

RcAMP

LH

ATP cAMP

(+ PO4)

R-ERProtein Synthesis

MitochondriaCholesterolPregnenolone

S-ERSteroid Synthesis

Progesterone

CholChol

LDLLDL

CholChol

LDLLDL

Chol-EsterChol-Ester

LDLLDL

Chol Esterase

Page 13: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle

LuteolysisLuteolysis

• Uterus

• PGF2

• Oxytocin

• Uterus

• PGF2

• Oxytocin

Page 14: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle

Luteolysis in Cows,

Ewes, Sows

TotalHysterectomy

IpsilateralHysterectomy

ContralateralHysterectomy

NormalUterus

CL

CL Normal LifespanCL Normal Lifespan

CL Normal LifespanCL Normal Lifespan CL LifespanLonger

CL LifespanLonger

CL LifespanLonger

CL LifespanLonger

Similar to Gestation Length

>35 days

Page 15: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle

LuteolysisLuteolysis

• Uterus

• PGF2

• Oxytocin

• Uterus

• PGF2

• Oxytocin

Page 16: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle

Prostaglandin F2Control of Luteolysis

Progesterone fromCL stimulatesproduction of uterine PGF2afterday 15 in cow

Uterine Horn

UterineVein

Prostaglandin synthesisby uterine endometriumis released into the uterine vein.

Oviduct

Ovary

CorpusLuteum

PGF2 is picked up by ovarian artery through counter current exchangeand delivered back to theovary where it causeslysis of the CL

Uterine ArteryUterine Artery

Ovarian Pedicle

PGF

PGF into Artery

Page 17: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle

Luteolysis Mare

TotalHysterectomy

IpsilateralHysterectomy

ContralateralHysterectomy

NormalUterusCL

CL NormalLifespan

CL NormalLifespan

50% of CL’s Maintained

50% of CL’s Maintained

CL MaintainedCL Maintained

50% of CL’s Maintained

50% of CL’s Maintained

Page 18: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle

Blood Supply to Uterus and Ovary in the Mare

Page 19: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle

PGF Not Effective (Cow, Ewe, Mare)PGF Not Effective (Cow, Ewe, Mare)

PGF Not Effective (Sow)PGF Not Effective (Sow)

Page 20: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle

LuteolysisLuteolysis

• Uterus

• PGF2

• Oxytocin

• Uterus

• PGF2

• Oxytocin

Page 21: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle
Page 22: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle
Page 23: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle

Relationship of Oxytocin and PGF2

Uterus

Ovary

CL

PGF2

Anterior Pituitary

Posterior Pituitary

Oxytocin

Page 24: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle

LuteolysisLuteolysis

• decreased blood flow

• cellular response– apoptosis– progesterone synthesis

• Immune response– Lymphocytes– Macrophages

• decreased blood flow

• cellular response– apoptosis– progesterone synthesis

• Immune response– Lymphocytes– Macrophages

Page 25: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle

Molecular Mechanism of PGF (Ca2+ Second Messenger)

Molecular Mechanism of PGF (Ca2+ Second Messenger)

PLC

PIP2

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ca2+

Protein Kinase C

Plasma Membrane

PGF

Re

cep

tor

G-proteinG-proteinDAG

IP3

R Ca2+

PlasmaMembrane

Ca2+

R

PIP2

CholesterolCholesterol

ProgesteroneProgesterone

Apoptosis

Page 26: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle

LuteolysisLuteolysis

• decreased blood flow

• cellular response– apoptosis– progesterone synthesis

• Immune response– Lymphocytes– Macrophages

• decreased blood flow

• cellular response– apoptosis– progesterone synthesis

• Immune response– Lymphocytes– Macrophages

Page 27: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle

Menstrual CycleMenstrual Cycle

Page 28: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle

FSHLHLH

EstradiolEstradiol

ProgesteroneProgesterone

FollicleOvulation

Corpus LuteumCorpus

Albicans

2 4 6 8 10 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 212

Anterior Pituitary

Hormones

Ovarian Hormones

Ovary

UterineEndo-

metrium

RecruitmentSelectionDominance

Recruitment

Page 29: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle

Luteolysis in the Primate• Does not require the uterus• CL lifespan in the human is 12-14 days unless

pregnancy occurs– In the absence of pregnancy, CL self destructs

– Possible intra-ovarian oxytocin receptors and PGF2 production

• Menstruation– Drop in P4 and E2

– Endometrial PGF2, vasoconstriction, necrosis

– Endometrial inflammation and tissue degeneration