the late nineteenth century. the crystal palace, 1851

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The Late Nineteenth Century

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Page 1: The Late Nineteenth Century. The Crystal Palace, 1851

The Late Nineteenth Century

Page 2: The Late Nineteenth Century. The Crystal Palace, 1851

The Crystal Palace, 1851

Page 3: The Late Nineteenth Century. The Crystal Palace, 1851

1851 International Exhibition

•Joseph Paxton

•June 11, 1850-May 1, 1851

•1,851 feet by 400

•3300 cast iron columns

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Interior of Houses of Parliament

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The rise of the Civil Engineer

• Using the science of statics (based upon Newton’s Laws of Motion) to measure and calculate forces of gravity and stress.

• “Civil” because addressing structures in civilian life.

• Beginning of separation of “architect” and “engineer”

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Pont-Neuf, Paris

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Gustave Eiffel

• Garabit Viaduct: the truss

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The Eiffel Tower

• 1889 World’s Fair, Paris

• 1000 feet high

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Bessemer Process, 1860

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The Skyscraper: The Chicago School

• The engineer: William Lebaron Jenney

• The architect: Louis Sullivan

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Chicago in 1863

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Great Chicago Fire, 1871

• 17,450 buildings destroyed

• Four square miles of the downtown area in ruins

• Opportunity to build a “modern” city

• Population boom: 325,000in 1871; 1.5 million by 1893

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William LeBaron Jenney

• Home Insurance Building, 1883-85

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Steel Frame

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The Bird Cage Legend

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Curtain Wall Construction

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Louis Sullivan(1856-1924)

“Father of the Skyscraper”

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• The Wainwright

• St. Louis

• 1890

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The skyscraper (Tall office Building)

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Carson Pirie Scott Department Store, 1899

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Consequences of the Industrial Revolution

• Wage labor• Crowded cities• Cheap, shoddy goods• Dore: “Over London

By Rail” 1872

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Victorian Interior

Page 41: The Late Nineteenth Century. The Crystal Palace, 1851

Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959)

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The Prairie House, c. 1900

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• Thomas House, Oak Park, Chicago

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• Ward Willitts House, 1900

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Japanese Prints

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The Robie House, 1906

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Victorian Interior

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Steel

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Roman Brick

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Gull-wing gutters

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• “Prairie House,” 1910 for a German magazine

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